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Returning to sport following injury: The case of an elite Australian hockey player
40 per year to support Victorian state sporting associations (SSAs) through the PfH Scheme to increase population physical activity levels and health via increasing membership of sporting clubs. SSAs were required to allocate a portion of these funds to participation based programs. While setting for participation was not directed, many (n = 27, 44.0%) of the SSAs conducted school-based sport programs. This research sought to explore the factors affecting the linking of school-based programs with sporting club membership. SSAs reported that 50.6% of the PfH Scheme programs (n = 43) were delivered in a school setting. Focus-group discussions found that, in general, the SSAs did not see the school-based programs being a vehicle for directly recruiting club members. Rather, the programs were used to increase the visibility of the sport, train teachers in the sport and to involve children in physical activity. Barriers to linking school-based program participation to club membership included conflict in program delivery time with club activities, and limited ability of club volunteers to assist with school-based programs. A case-study will be presented which involves the introduction of yachting into schools. In general, the SSAs believed school-based engagement was a poor investment. They also felt that agencies such as VicHealth should advocate for the provision of adequate sport infrastructure within schools rather than the schools relying upon the limited resources of the sporting sector to provide school sport services. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.092 91 Pre-service physical and health education teachers’ perceptions of physical activity in Australian society P. Pearson, P. Webb, K. McKeen University of Wollongong, Australia Concern with the increasing obesity levels amongst Australian children and the decreasing physical activity levels of Australians generally has resulted in a shift in focus away from promoting fitness to promoting lifelong physical activity. As future educators facing the challenge of promoting lifelong physical activity, it is of interest forms to see what perceptions of physical activity physical and health education preservice teachers hold. This paper will examine the changing role of physical activity in Australian society and present the results of a survey administered to first year undergraduate students enrolled in the Bachelor of Education
Abstracts (Physical and Health Education) degree at an Australian university. The survey examined students’ perceptions of physical activity in society and analysed their personal physical activity experiences both in and out of the school setting. Results indicated that there was a range of students’ perceptions and experiences in regards to physical activity. The results are discussed in relation to factors that influenced student perceptions and how some perceptions need to change in order for them to be leaders in the promotion of life-long physical activity. Strategies for implementing such changes are outlined in the paper. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.093 92 Returning to sport following injury: The case of an elite Australian hockey player L. Podlog 1 , R. Eklund 1 1 Charles
Sturt University, Australia; State University, United States
2 Florida
A good deal of empirical research has examined the psychosocial aspects of injury rehabilitation. Few studies, however, have examined athlete experiences in returning to sport following injury recovery. The purpose of this case study was to examine the return-to-sport experiences of an Australian national hockey player over an 8-month period. The athlete suffered a shattered hand and returned to sport following a 4-month competitive absence. The data reported here are based on four in-depth interviews and are taken from Podlog and Eklund’s (2006) investigation examining return-to-sport experiences among formerly injured athletes. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method of analysis. Three key themes — competence, autonomy and relatedness — emerged from the data. Competence issues included uncertainties about the ability to return to pre-injury levels and to be ‘‘successful’’, concerns about re-injury and fitness levels. Issues of relatedness were discussed in terms of frustration over not being able to ‘‘be around all the guys,’’ missing bonding and competition experiences, and social support from coaches and family. Autonomy issues were also apparent. The athlete put pressure on himself to return to sport before the injury was completely healed. Injury related concerns were particularly prominent within the first 3—4 months of the return but diminished as perceptions of match performance, fitness and self-confidence improved. Given the focus on competence, autonomy and relatedness issues, results lend support
Abstracts
41
for the utility of a self-determination theoretical perspective.
ever, manual therapy has been successfully utilised in physiotherapy and two medical publications.
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.094
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.095
93 The treatment of shoulder pain: Current trends in chiropractic and manual therapy management
94 Does weight training negatively effect longitudinal bone growth in children?
M. Pribicevic, H. Pollard
D. Spurrier 1 , J. Cook 2 , S. Bass 3
Macquarie Injury Management Group (MIMG), Macquarie University, Australia
1 Mitcham
Background: The chiropractic literature contains no standardised approach to the management of shoulder pain, and is supported only by lowgrade evidence based upon published case reports. The common denominator of chiropractic management is the use of a multimodal treatment approach incorporating soft tissue therapy, electrotherapeutics, manipulation and exercises. Other accepted forms of conservative treatment for shoulder disorders include the use of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids: oral and injections, manipulation under anaesthesia and physiotherapy approaches including exercise, mobilisation, taping and electrotherapeutics. Aim: To describe the clinical management of shoulder pain as described in the literature from a chiropractic and manual therapy perspective. Methodology: A review of publications derived from Medline, Cinahl, Ovid and Science Direct databases. Included were searches from the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group trials register and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Manual searches of textbook and journal bibliographies were utilised with a focus on chiropractic and physiotherapy publications, 1985-present. Results: Fourteen publications utilising manual therapy were captured, of which 10 were published in chiropractic journals, 2 in physiotherapy and 2 in medical journals. The chiropractic papers presented in this review utilised a multimodal treatment approach with an emphasis on high velocity manual techniques, massage, stretching and rehabilitation exercises. Conclusion: The chiropractic literature supports a multimodal treatment approach of shoulder disorders based upon low-grade case report publications. No quality research has been undertaken within the profession to substantiate a particular approach in the form of a controlled trial. How-
Rehabilitation Clinic, University, Australia; University, Australia
2 Latrobe
Australia; 3 Deakin
Participation in sport is associated with many benefits including improved social, mental and physical skill. With any sport there is an associated injury risk. Reducing the risk of injury, particularly in children involved in sport, is essential to maintain physical activity, prevent potential chronic injury and encourage participation in physical activity throughout adult life. In many sports, as the level of competition increases, various training methods are utilised to prepare the athlete, improve performance and prevent injury. With increasing duration of training and competition and a higher intensity of exercise children are exposed to greater risk of injury. The literature reports bone growth disorders in elite level athletes involved in gymnastics, baseball and tennis. Adjunct training for sport such as strength training with weights has many physiological and physical advantages for the athlete. Strength training has, however, been associated with growth plate problems in the developing child. Healthy adult bone structure is dependent on optimal peak bone mass derived during the growing years and physical activity is an essential stimulus for longitudinal bone growth. This presentation will present a systematic review of the literature to investigate if weight training causes problems in bone growth in children. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.096 95 Identifying swimmers as water polo or swim team mates from visual displays of less than one second K. Steel 1 , R. Adams 2 , C. Canning 2 1 ACPE
(Australian College of Physical Education), Australia; 2 The University of Sydney, Australia When regional, state or national water polo teams are formed, the selected swimmers must be able to recognise and pass to team-mates who are in better scoring positions, even though the visual
Abstracts (Physical and Health Education) degree at an Australian university. The survey examined students’ perceptions of physical activity in society and analysed their personal physical activity experiences both in and out of the school setting. Results indicated that there was a range of students’ perceptions and experiences in regards to physical activity. The results are discussed in relation to factors that influenced student perceptions and how some perceptions need to change in order for them to be leaders in the promotion of life-long physical activity. Strategies for implementing such changes are outlined in the paper. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.093 92 Returning to sport following injury: The case of an elite Australian hockey player L. Podlog 1 , R. Eklund 1 1 Charles
Sturt University, Australia; State University, United States
2 Florida
A good deal of empirical research has examined the psychosocial aspects of injury rehabilitation. Few studies, however, have examined athlete experiences in returning to sport following injury recovery. The purpose of this case study was to examine the return-to-sport experiences of an Australian national hockey player over an 8-month period. The athlete suffered a shattered hand and returned to sport following a 4-month competitive absence. The data reported here are based on four in-depth interviews and are taken from Podlog and Eklund’s (2006) investigation examining return-to-sport experiences among formerly injured athletes. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method of analysis. Three key themes — competence, autonomy and relatedness — emerged from the data. Competence issues included uncertainties about the ability to return to pre-injury levels and to be ‘‘successful’’, concerns about re-injury and fitness levels. Issues of relatedness were discussed in terms of frustration over not being able to ‘‘be around all the guys,’’ missing bonding and competition experiences, and social support from coaches and family. Autonomy issues were also apparent. The athlete put pressure on himself to return to sport before the injury was completely healed. Injury related concerns were particularly prominent within the first 3—4 months of the return but diminished as perceptions of match performance, fitness and self-confidence improved. Given the focus on competence, autonomy and relatedness issues, results lend support
Abstracts
41
for the utility of a self-determination theoretical perspective.
ever, manual therapy has been successfully utilised in physiotherapy and two medical publications.
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.094
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.095
93 The treatment of shoulder pain: Current trends in chiropractic and manual therapy management
94 Does weight training negatively effect longitudinal bone growth in children?
M. Pribicevic, H. Pollard
D. Spurrier 1 , J. Cook 2 , S. Bass 3
Macquarie Injury Management Group (MIMG), Macquarie University, Australia
1 Mitcham
Background: The chiropractic literature contains no standardised approach to the management of shoulder pain, and is supported only by lowgrade evidence based upon published case reports. The common denominator of chiropractic management is the use of a multimodal treatment approach incorporating soft tissue therapy, electrotherapeutics, manipulation and exercises. Other accepted forms of conservative treatment for shoulder disorders include the use of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids: oral and injections, manipulation under anaesthesia and physiotherapy approaches including exercise, mobilisation, taping and electrotherapeutics. Aim: To describe the clinical management of shoulder pain as described in the literature from a chiropractic and manual therapy perspective. Methodology: A review of publications derived from Medline, Cinahl, Ovid and Science Direct databases. Included were searches from the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group trials register and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Manual searches of textbook and journal bibliographies were utilised with a focus on chiropractic and physiotherapy publications, 1985-present. Results: Fourteen publications utilising manual therapy were captured, of which 10 were published in chiropractic journals, 2 in physiotherapy and 2 in medical journals. The chiropractic papers presented in this review utilised a multimodal treatment approach with an emphasis on high velocity manual techniques, massage, stretching and rehabilitation exercises. Conclusion: The chiropractic literature supports a multimodal treatment approach of shoulder disorders based upon low-grade case report publications. No quality research has been undertaken within the profession to substantiate a particular approach in the form of a controlled trial. How-
Rehabilitation Clinic, University, Australia; University, Australia
2 Latrobe
Australia; 3 Deakin
Participation in sport is associated with many benefits including improved social, mental and physical skill. With any sport there is an associated injury risk. Reducing the risk of injury, particularly in children involved in sport, is essential to maintain physical activity, prevent potential chronic injury and encourage participation in physical activity throughout adult life. In many sports, as the level of competition increases, various training methods are utilised to prepare the athlete, improve performance and prevent injury. With increasing duration of training and competition and a higher intensity of exercise children are exposed to greater risk of injury. The literature reports bone growth disorders in elite level athletes involved in gymnastics, baseball and tennis. Adjunct training for sport such as strength training with weights has many physiological and physical advantages for the athlete. Strength training has, however, been associated with growth plate problems in the developing child. Healthy adult bone structure is dependent on optimal peak bone mass derived during the growing years and physical activity is an essential stimulus for longitudinal bone growth. This presentation will present a systematic review of the literature to investigate if weight training causes problems in bone growth in children. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.096 95 Identifying swimmers as water polo or swim team mates from visual displays of less than one second K. Steel 1 , R. Adams 2 , C. Canning 2 1 ACPE
(Australian College of Physical Education), Australia; 2 The University of Sydney, Australia When regional, state or national water polo teams are formed, the selected swimmers must be able to recognise and pass to team-mates who are in better scoring positions, even though the visual