Reversible H2 storage using alkali metal intercalated graphite composite

electric energy growth

of hydrogen

sequences. fuel

requirement

traffic

2010

a range

the

fuel. The model calculations improved

energy

electrolytic electric hydrogen ation

generating

capacity

P. Kruger: 1137-l

147 (November

the world. 26( 11)

2001).

waste

examines

a possible

management

integrating

and

two

municipal

solid waste

hydrogen

produced

and energy management

scenarios

gasification,

gasification

methanol

-

scenarios

This

considers

concerning

the

the energy with

landfill, and four

gasoline-electric,

FCVs using hydrogen

Patents

UK

Patent number: WO 01169705

Proton-conducting polymer membrane with channels/capillaries for water

alternative

attainable

powertrains

and compared

within

for battery

electric

electric vehicles

conventional engines

with the potential vehicles

(ICEVs), The

with

based

on

primary

of primary

and primary

wind, solar or hydropower. there is potential efficiency

Matthey,

UK

Patent number: WO 0 1169706

Improved utilisation of fuel gases generated in SOFC reformer unit BMW

Germany

Patent number: WO 0 1I69707

FuelCellsBulletin No.41

oxidation

following

(November

on ink type

oxidation

was investigated

Pt catalysts: by

bare

NaBon@

on the

Pt electrode,

film,

on high-area

and

carbons

Pt

Pt

catalysts

in the form of an

the primary

existing

ICEVs.

All vehicles

Dohle,

voltammograms. loading,

desorption

type of carbon

concentration Nafion

from

energy

with

with an alternative

potentiostatic

were

studied.

oxidation

was found.

No

influence

parameters

of

of methanol

The Tafel slope on smooth

Pt catalysts

while on

time-dependent

140 and 90 mV/decade

values

were estimated

decays using data between

0.5 and 5 min. The specific dependent

film, Pt

and methanol

Pt was found to be about 90 mV/decade, supported

The

on cyclic

of Nafion

support

film on kinetic

steps.

was estimated charge

The influence

from the potentiostatic

in vehicles

Jiilich

and

area of Pt particles

energy resources:

electricity

powertrains

sweep

energy

such as BEVs, HEVs and FCEVs, compared

on Pt loading,

activity

was slightly

with a flat maximum

at

about 20% Pt. The activity of Pt/SAB catalyst was 2-3 times higher

than that of Pt/BP and Pt/XC-

72 catalysts. S.L. Gojkoviz,

T.R. Vidakovix:

Acta 47(4) 633-642

(1 November

Applicant: Equos Research,

Electrochimica 2001).

Japan

Patent number: US 6294277 and H.

Low- and high-temperature PEM stack combination for quick start-up

Germany

Reversible H, storage using alkali metal intercalated graphite composite Applicant:

Patent number: US 6294278

PEMFC with three-layered film for air electrode/support layer/fuel electrode

GM, USA

Patent number: US 6294142

Applicant: Murata

Low-cost process and system for water vapour hydrocarbon reforming

Manufacturing

Co, Japan

Patent number: US 6294279

Uniformly improved

with quick start-up

Applicant: Xcellsis,

Germany

cooled fuel cell stack, for power generation

Applicant: Honda,

Japan

Patent number: US 6294280

Vehicular

H, from natural gas

Applicant: Toyota

Applicant:

Methanol electrode

between

This study shows that

for doubling

using alternative

in

combustion

are based on three different

fossil fuels, biomass,

(HEVs)

is assessed

improvement

internal

calculations

for

Patent number: US 6294 149

supply

Applicant: Johnson

alternative

energy efficiency.

Applicant: GM, USA

Proton-conducting polymer membrane with voids for additional water reservoir within fuel cell Matthey,

Energy 26( 11) 973-989

from the hydrogen

potential

Patent number: WO 0 1I69704

Applicant: Johnson

M. ilhman:

potential

Patent number: WO 0 1I69708

ICI, UK

no ‘winner’

the

in terms of primary

active surface

technical

Applicants: Forschungszentrum

plates

among

powertrains

covered

Compact fuel cell stack with identical adjacent electrodes

End plates, current collector Applicant:

ht. J of

(November

efficiency

(BEVs), hybrid

efficiency

in four MSW

although

identified

Here methanol

systems.

G. Keoleian:

years. The potential

FCVs with

(incineration,

(hybrid

model

gasification

1209-1221

powertrain,

be

2001).

benefits over conventional

M. Melaina,

study

efficiency.

with recycling)

FCVs, hydrogen

the

and transportation

could

for primary

ink. The reaction was carried out using slow linear

and

from gasified MSW. Material

flows were modeled

transportation

of

technologies

fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) - by fueling

criteria, from MSW

conventional

potential

than vehicles with an improved

account

and fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) by

gasification

into

have a higher

supported

vehicles

transportation

(MSW)

Taking

Hydrogen Energy 26(11)

lo-20

enhancement

emerging

performs

but is advantageous

environmental

vehicles

Hydrogen as transportation fuel from solid waste gasification This study

performance.

production

to landfilling.

that hydrogen

gas

use were

Primary energy efficiency of alternative vehicle powertrains

power

Energy

Greenhouse energy

of

install-

electric

Int. J. of Hydrogen

as incineration,

feasible

2001).

growth

will require

throughout

of

energy efficiency

system

with hydrogen

MSW treatment

the additional

additional

overall

as efficiently

A. Bjorklund,

powertrain

was assumed.

for FCVs may provide

world

solid waste). The deemed

non-renewable

Gasification

suggests

hydrogen

efficiency

to sustain

fuel production

of significant

assess

to

additional

show that even with

facilities,

demand

used

the model

consumption

production

energy

and

compared

with

performance

2010-2020

time

to 2050,

gas or municipal

emissions

second

of the total

be operated

within

initial

scenarios

fraction

fleet could

statistics

natural

technological

the

sequence,

of growth

a significant

to expand

and energy

for

the

data on world

provides

In the second

examines

when

is likely

agencies in

sequence.

vehicle

in two time

of historical

vehicle,

official

conditions

when

industry

extrapolation

population, from

fuel production

from

long-term

In the first (2000-2010),

cell engine

rapidly,

to sustain

Motor

Corporation,

Japan

Patent number: US 6294276

Vehicular fuel cell system capable of maintaining humidifed PEM

Highly fluorinated ion-exchange/ non-functional polymer blends with enhanced tensile properties Applicant: DuPont,

USA

Patent number: US 6294612

0