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RO and copper sulphate removes trihalomethane from water
Patents
Virus ultrafiltration promoter V i r u s e s ar e m o r e effectively r e n l o v e d or c o n c e n t r a t e d by u l t r a f i l t r a t l o n m e m b r a n e s if a filtration p r o m o t e r ls a d d e d to t h e sol uti o n . This p a t e n t c l a i m s t h e usv of a m a l e r i a l w h i c h ltseff passes through the m e m b r a n e , bttl w h i c h a l l e r s t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of x~ral p a r t i c l e s so t h a i t h e y are h e l d b a c k bv a membrane. The p r e l i ' r r e d c o m p o u n d s a r e xva~e r - s o l u b l v v i s c o u s high p o l y m e r s s u c h as polvsaccharides, especially h y a l u r o n i c acid or alglnlc acid, a n d i n c l u d i n g Lhe g l y . o s a m m o - g l y e a n g r o u p . The r e l c v a n l m e m b r a n e s a r e of m i x e d c e l l u l o s e es~:ers or c)f pol}~qnylidene fluoride, with a m a x i m u m p o r e size of 0.22 ~m.
Patent number: J P 6 2 9 2 8 2 7 Date: 21 J a m u a r y 1995 Itwentor: T Ak l h l ro Applicar~t: S e i k a g a k u Kogvo Co, la d
RO a n d copper sulphate removes trihalomethane from water Ra w w a t e r c o n t a i n i n g a t r i h a l o m e t h a n e p r e c u r s o r , for e x a m p l e from a sh~Klow well where organic contamination has o c c u r r e d , Is t r e a t e d w i t h 0 . 1 - 0 . 5 ppm copper sulphate and s u b j e c t e d to l o w - p r e s s u r e r e v e r s e o s m o s i s filtration. It ls c l a i m e d thal 97% of t h e t r l h a l o m e t h a n e p r e c u r s o r is r e m o v e d b y t h i s c o m b i n a t i o n of t r e a t m e n t s , The c o p p e r sulp]hate a l s o h a s a n a n t i b a c t e r i a l action. T h e m e m b r a n e m a t e r i a l is n o t specified.
Patent number: J P 6 3 0 4 5 5 8 Date: I Nowmfl)er 1994
M e m b r a n e T e c h n o l o g y No. 6 4
Inventor: K Norihlro Applicant: K a w a s a k l H e a v y I n d u s t r i e s Lid
Membrane removes harmful protein-bound substances from blood hi the t r e a t m e n t of liver failure. a c u t e k i d n e y failure or s o m e types of p o i s o n i n g , the r e m o v a l of p r o t e i n - b o u n d s u b s t a n c e s (PBS) s u c h as b i l i r u b i n or digoxin from the blood ls t h e objective. E x t e r n a l m e t h o d s s u c h as d r u g administration may reduce the effects of t h e toxin, or a c c e l e r a t e th e b o d y ' s n a t u r a l r e m o v a l processes, but damage may occur before t h e s e c a n h a v e a n effect. Dialysis io r e m o v e s m a l l m o l e c u l e s s u c h a s u r e a is a n a c c e p t e d t r e a t m e n t , b u t In this c a s e tlle blood e n c o u n t e r s a c r o s s a porous membrane which carries a protein having an acceptor function, and therefore has the p r o p e r t y of a c c e p t i n g a protein-bound substance selectively from the blood. P l a t e l e t s or o t h e r p r o t e i n s are n o t d e s t r o y e d , a n d t h e balance, of e l e c t r o l y t e s in the blood is unaffected. The PBS is t r a n s f e r r e d with t h e a c c e p t o r p r o t e i n t h r o u g h the m e m b r a n e , together with any small molecules that the m e m b r a n e p a s s e s , to t h e dialysis side, from w h i c h tile PBS c a n be r e m o v e d from t h e d i a l y s a t e by a d s o r p t i o n on a c t i v a t e d c h a r c o a l . The purified dlalysate, c o n t a i n i n g r e g e n e r a t e d a c c e p t o r protein, is t h e n r e t u r n e d to t h e d i a l y s a t e side of t he m e m b r a n e dialysis unit. Clinical trials on p a t i e n t s with p r e - c l r r h o s l s liver d a m a g e a n d digoxin p o i s o n i n g s h o w e d a r a p i d i m p r o v e m e n t in their condition.
Patent number: EP 6 1 5 7 8 0 Date: 21 S e p t e m b e r 1994 Inventors and Applicants: J S ta n g e , S Mltzner, W R a m l o w
Multifilament h o l l o w fibre e n h a n c e s gas permeability The m e m b r a n e c o n s i s t s of a hollow fibre' with ]porous r e i n f o r c i n g o u t e r ;and I n n e r wails, b e t w e e n w h i c h t h e r e ar e s e v e r a l small continuous tubes forming the active separation m e m b r a n e . Tile i n v e n t i o n u s e s a c o m p l e x s p i n n e r e t w h i c h p r o d u c e s the 'pores within pores' cross-section in o n e p ass. The s t r u c t u r e h a s a g as p e r m e a b i l i t y a b o u t 3.8 t i m e s greater than a conventional hollow fibre of the. s a m e o u t e r a n d i n n e r radii, b e c a u s e it h a s a g r e a t e r s e p a r a t i o n area.
Patent numt)er, J P 6 3 3 9 6 1 7 Date: 13 D e c e m b e r 1994 Inventor: F K[lro}~.kl Applicant: M i t s u b l s h l R a y o n Co, Ltd
One only in the eye E y e d r o p s or s o l u t i o n s u s e d to clean and disinfect contact lenses usually contain a quaternary a m m o n i u m c o m p o u n d or o t h e r preservative. These compounds have an unfortunate i n f l a m m a t o r y effect in s o m e u s e r s ' eyes, b u t to p r o v i d e preservative-free solutions c o n f e r s m u c h s h o r t e r shelf-lives. The tactic a d o p t e d h e r e is to fit t h e d r o p p e r - t y p e c a p of the dispensing bottle with a porous m e m b r a n e w h i c h selectively adsorbs the preservative c o m p o u n d w h i l e a l l o w i n g t he o t h e r c o m p o n e n t s of t h e s o l u t i o n to p a s s t h r o u g h . Long s h e l f life w i t h o u t eye i r r i t a t i o n ls t h e r e f o r e p r o v i d ed .
Patent number: EP 6 3 1 7 7 0 Date: 4 J a n u a r y , I 9 9 5 Inventors: A Vallet Mas, FX Gimenez Guasch Applicant: L a b o r a t o r l o s CusI, SA
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Virus ultrafiltration promoter V i r u s e s ar e m o r e effectively r e n l o v e d or c o n c e n t r a t e d by u l t r a f i l t r a t l o n m e m b r a n e s if a filtration p r o m o t e r ls a d d e d to t h e sol uti o n . This p a t e n t c l a i m s t h e usv of a m a l e r i a l w h i c h ltseff passes through the m e m b r a n e , bttl w h i c h a l l e r s t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of x~ral p a r t i c l e s so t h a i t h e y are h e l d b a c k bv a membrane. The p r e l i ' r r e d c o m p o u n d s a r e xva~e r - s o l u b l v v i s c o u s high p o l y m e r s s u c h as polvsaccharides, especially h y a l u r o n i c acid or alglnlc acid, a n d i n c l u d i n g Lhe g l y . o s a m m o - g l y e a n g r o u p . The r e l c v a n l m e m b r a n e s a r e of m i x e d c e l l u l o s e es~:ers or c)f pol}~qnylidene fluoride, with a m a x i m u m p o r e size of 0.22 ~m.
Patent number: J P 6 2 9 2 8 2 7 Date: 21 J a m u a r y 1995 Itwentor: T Ak l h l ro Applicar~t: S e i k a g a k u Kogvo Co, la d
RO a n d copper sulphate removes trihalomethane from water Ra w w a t e r c o n t a i n i n g a t r i h a l o m e t h a n e p r e c u r s o r , for e x a m p l e from a sh~Klow well where organic contamination has o c c u r r e d , Is t r e a t e d w i t h 0 . 1 - 0 . 5 ppm copper sulphate and s u b j e c t e d to l o w - p r e s s u r e r e v e r s e o s m o s i s filtration. It ls c l a i m e d thal 97% of t h e t r l h a l o m e t h a n e p r e c u r s o r is r e m o v e d b y t h i s c o m b i n a t i o n of t r e a t m e n t s , The c o p p e r sulp]hate a l s o h a s a n a n t i b a c t e r i a l action. T h e m e m b r a n e m a t e r i a l is n o t specified.
Patent number: J P 6 3 0 4 5 5 8 Date: I Nowmfl)er 1994
M e m b r a n e T e c h n o l o g y No. 6 4
Inventor: K Norihlro Applicant: K a w a s a k l H e a v y I n d u s t r i e s Lid
Membrane removes harmful protein-bound substances from blood hi the t r e a t m e n t of liver failure. a c u t e k i d n e y failure or s o m e types of p o i s o n i n g , the r e m o v a l of p r o t e i n - b o u n d s u b s t a n c e s (PBS) s u c h as b i l i r u b i n or digoxin from the blood ls t h e objective. E x t e r n a l m e t h o d s s u c h as d r u g administration may reduce the effects of t h e toxin, or a c c e l e r a t e th e b o d y ' s n a t u r a l r e m o v a l processes, but damage may occur before t h e s e c a n h a v e a n effect. Dialysis io r e m o v e s m a l l m o l e c u l e s s u c h a s u r e a is a n a c c e p t e d t r e a t m e n t , b u t In this c a s e tlle blood e n c o u n t e r s a c r o s s a porous membrane which carries a protein having an acceptor function, and therefore has the p r o p e r t y of a c c e p t i n g a protein-bound substance selectively from the blood. P l a t e l e t s or o t h e r p r o t e i n s are n o t d e s t r o y e d , a n d t h e balance, of e l e c t r o l y t e s in the blood is unaffected. The PBS is t r a n s f e r r e d with t h e a c c e p t o r p r o t e i n t h r o u g h the m e m b r a n e , together with any small molecules that the m e m b r a n e p a s s e s , to t h e dialysis side, from w h i c h tile PBS c a n be r e m o v e d from t h e d i a l y s a t e by a d s o r p t i o n on a c t i v a t e d c h a r c o a l . The purified dlalysate, c o n t a i n i n g r e g e n e r a t e d a c c e p t o r protein, is t h e n r e t u r n e d to t h e d i a l y s a t e side of t he m e m b r a n e dialysis unit. Clinical trials on p a t i e n t s with p r e - c l r r h o s l s liver d a m a g e a n d digoxin p o i s o n i n g s h o w e d a r a p i d i m p r o v e m e n t in their condition.
Patent number: EP 6 1 5 7 8 0 Date: 21 S e p t e m b e r 1994 Inventors and Applicants: J S ta n g e , S Mltzner, W R a m l o w
Multifilament h o l l o w fibre e n h a n c e s gas permeability The m e m b r a n e c o n s i s t s of a hollow fibre' with ]porous r e i n f o r c i n g o u t e r ;and I n n e r wails, b e t w e e n w h i c h t h e r e ar e s e v e r a l small continuous tubes forming the active separation m e m b r a n e . Tile i n v e n t i o n u s e s a c o m p l e x s p i n n e r e t w h i c h p r o d u c e s the 'pores within pores' cross-section in o n e p ass. The s t r u c t u r e h a s a g as p e r m e a b i l i t y a b o u t 3.8 t i m e s greater than a conventional hollow fibre of the. s a m e o u t e r a n d i n n e r radii, b e c a u s e it h a s a g r e a t e r s e p a r a t i o n area.
Patent numt)er, J P 6 3 3 9 6 1 7 Date: 13 D e c e m b e r 1994 Inventor: F K[lro}~.kl Applicant: M i t s u b l s h l R a y o n Co, Ltd
One only in the eye E y e d r o p s or s o l u t i o n s u s e d to clean and disinfect contact lenses usually contain a quaternary a m m o n i u m c o m p o u n d or o t h e r preservative. These compounds have an unfortunate i n f l a m m a t o r y effect in s o m e u s e r s ' eyes, b u t to p r o v i d e preservative-free solutions c o n f e r s m u c h s h o r t e r shelf-lives. The tactic a d o p t e d h e r e is to fit t h e d r o p p e r - t y p e c a p of the dispensing bottle with a porous m e m b r a n e w h i c h selectively adsorbs the preservative c o m p o u n d w h i l e a l l o w i n g t he o t h e r c o m p o n e n t s of t h e s o l u t i o n to p a s s t h r o u g h . Long s h e l f life w i t h o u t eye i r r i t a t i o n ls t h e r e f o r e p r o v i d ed .
Patent number: EP 6 3 1 7 7 0 Date: 4 J a n u a r y , I 9 9 5 Inventors: A Vallet Mas, FX Gimenez Guasch Applicant: L a b o r a t o r l o s CusI, SA
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