- Email: [email protected]
Role of Inhibitory Cognitive Control in Creative Performance: An Event Related Potential Study
IOP 2016
each day, the similarity between sessions was higher than between subjects in a highly significant way. We discuss the possible biases of group “brain” averaging and the emphasis on statistical differences as opposed to similarities, and noise in a wide sense, as the main causes of hardly replicable findings on task-specific forms of activity and the inconclusive state of a universal functional mapping of cortical association areas. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.247
Posters Session 1 5 Brain activity changes on healthy adults during variable-g maneuvers Xavier Ruíza, Driacri Duberta, Jna Gavaldaa, Antoni Perez-Pochb, Esther Domènech-Vadilloc, Vicen Pascualc a Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain b Computer Science Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain c Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain In the last years, increased attention directed towards the effect of the hyper/hypogravity on human body was reported, due to the great interest in raising the spatial mission. To understand the effect of short weightlessness periods (6-8 s) on psychophysiological changes in human brain activity of healthy subjects, and how these changes may affect psychologically the person, present work reports the results obtained during a parabolic flight campaign effected using a small single-engine aerobatic plane. Six healthy volunteers attended this campaign. The parabolic flight was characterized by gravity variations from 1 g to approximately 3 g, so called hypergravity phase, followed by reduced gravity down to 0.05 g, so called hypogravity phase and ending with second hypergravity period, reaching 2 g. During the flight, the plain performed 12 parabolas in total, describing two types of experiments: the first six parabolas the individuals had their eyes open followed immediately by last six ones, with the eyes closed. Electroencephalogram (EEG), has been continuously recorded during the entire flight for all volunteers. EEG recorded data were first filtered by using band pass filter (fc = 8– 40 Hz) discarding much of the muscle artifacts and then two Independent Component Analysis algorithms were applied with the aim of removing the remaining artifacts (eye blinks, muscle artifacts). Only, clean parabolas were considered for this study. Intracranial bioelectrical activity was evaluated by applying Standardized Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA). In earlier work [Dubert et al. 2015] we discovered that changes of brain activity involving the visual cortex (open eyes experiment) and the temporal lobe (closed eyes experiment) were detected. The global intracranial activity, by lobes, was for the first time presented as a temporal evolution along the parabola. Same temporal evolution of physiological and phychological changes in human brain under hypo/hypergravity conditions, respectively and for different healthy subjects is proposed within present report, as general objective. Expected results could differentiate some kind of patterns of human adaptability/inadaptability to extreme gravity conditions. Though, the emotional implications of each of the subjects, due to the specific conditions of the flight, could have an effect on one´s brain responses, so that these changes may not be directly related to hyper/hypogravity conditions. D. Dubert, X. Ruiz, Jna. Gavaldà, A. Pérez-Poch, Brain activity changes induced by open and closed eyes during low-g maneuvers,
77
XXXIII Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Española de Ingeniería Biomédica (ISBN - 978-84-608-3354-3), CASEIB 2015, Madrid. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.248
29 Is the alpha asymmetry specific for general anxiety disorder in young patients? Aneta G. Demerdzievaa, Nada D. Pop-Jordanovab Acibaden Sistina Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia b Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia
a
Frontal alpha asymmetry (the relative difference in power between two signals in different hemispheres) has been suggested as biomarker for anxiety. The goal of this study was to evaluate alpha asymmetry in frontal region for young people (7-18 years) with generalized anxiety disorder, diagnosed according two statistic manuals (DMS-IV-R and ICD-10), medical history and neuropsychological assessment. QEEG recording and analysis of the obtained results from alpha spectra power and log of alpha spectra power are made in four conditions (eyes open, eyes closed, VCPT and ACPT). Obtained results for alpha power in general showed higher cortical activity in right hemisphere, associated with negative emotions. Calculated alpha asymmetry separate for eyes open, eyes closed, VCPT and ACPT conditions showed right activation in all four conditions. In addition, right frontal asymmetry was specific for Fp1 – Fp2 region but a greater left frontal activation was recorded for F7 - F8 region. Log of alpha power in general was additionally analyzed. Calculated asymmetry score in general (in a way that the left log transformed score was subtracted from the right) confirmed greater right activation. Testing the power of whole alpha band (μV2) in general, for all four conditions and for frontal region, showed right alpha asymmetries in all participants. Right alpha asymmetry in frontal region was specific only for Fp1-Fp2 region (frontopolar region). Our results suggest greater left frontal activation between F7 - F8 region. Our findings are supported by many other studies using specific localization methods like fMRI or LORETA source localization.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.249
54 Role of Inhibitory Cognitive Control in Creative Performance: An Event Related Potential Study Azizuddin Khan Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India Creativity is attributed with both automatic and controlled processes which are mediated by executive functions. Suppression of goal-irrelevant actions/ideas, accomplished by Inhibitory cognitive control, is crucial for creative idea generation. The current study is aimed at to investigate the role of inhibitory control by measuring the Stroop interference effect (SIE) between low and high creative groups. Both behavioral and event related potential (ERP) measures were employed. Two behavioral tasks, Alternate Uses Task and color word Stroop task were utilized. The two, high (n = 10) and low (n = 10) creative groups, were selected on the basis of their creativity scores (highest 10% and lowest 10% scores) in Alternate
78
IOP 2016
uses Task (AUT) from a random population (n = 54). Creativity scores of two groups differed significantly (P b 0.001), ensuring the edges of two groups. Stroop interference effect and other behavioral measures were calculated from the color-word Stroop task performance scores. The low and high groups were subjected to EEG recording. Continuous EEG data was recorded from 64 Ag-AgCl Active electrodes based on 10-20 system. All 64 channels were processed in BESA 6.0, first by localizing on the scalp by giving the co-ordinates on the scalp space. Re-referencing was done using the average reference method. Data was filtered with 0.05Hz low pass and 50Hz notch filter. EOG artifacts were removed with threshold of 150 micro volts for HEOG and 250 micro volts for VEOG/Blink artifacts. Manual inspection was performed to remove the muscle artifact. The artifact free EEG data was epoched. For ERP analysis, P3 related absolute maxima and minima were identified in specified search window. Results showed that high SIE scores were associated with high creativity group (MSIE_high = 73.23,MSIE_low = 32.27, t(18) = 2.108, p b 0.05), which express higher conflict between alternate responses due to interference process.Accuracy in congruent and incongruent trials was correlated positively with creativity (p b 0.05). From the ERP analysis, Shorter P3 latencies over frontocentral areas (all p b 0.05) in incongruent trials for high creative group indicates early stimulus identification and categorization process which is independent of response selection (RTs). Early detection of stimulus features also indicates higher requirement of attentional resources. High SIE is related with evaluation process time taken to stop goal-irrelevant selection. However, there is need for further investigations for feature categorization and separate evaluation times in inhibitory mechanism for creative and normal individuals. Keywords: AUT, feature categorization, Inhibition, Stroop task, and Suppression doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.250
70 EEG Network Topology Dynamics during Rest and Auditory Oddball Performance Viktor Müllera, Ulman Lindenbergera,b a Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany b European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy Neurophysiological evidence suggests that interacting neurons in the human brain dynamically self-organize into coherently oscillating structures or cell assemblies that are generated and activated by input from external or internal sources. Separate cell assemblies communicate with each other to integrate individual information flows into a common network. One of the mechanisms underlying such an integration or communication between different cell assemblies might be cross-frequency coupling, allowing accurate timing between different oscillatory rhythms. In this study, electroencephalographic recordings (EEG) were used to assess network structure and network dynamics during resting state versus auditory oddball performance through phase synchronization between EEG frequencies and channels. We constructed a hyper-frequency network (HFN) based on within- and cross-frequency coupling (WFC and CFC, respectively) at 10 oscillation frequencies ranging from 2 to 20 Hz. Generally, CFC discriminated better between the two task conditions than WFC. Using a graph-theoretical approach, we found that HFNs possess small-world network topology with a slight tendency towards random network characteristics. Analysis of
the temporal fluctuations of HFNs revealed specific network topology dynamics (NTD), with both differences and commonalities across conditions. Using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) followed by fuzzy c-means clustering, we were able to identify stimulus-related dynamics that differed by task condition, network topology, and the combination of frequency components. Importantly, each frequency node considered separately described stimulus processing more accurately than a combination of different frequency nodes. Under the assumption that different oscillation frequencies have different functional meaning and different temporal dynamics, this result is not surprising, and in line with the assumption of stimulus-induced complexity reduction. We conclude that differences in functional connectivity dynamics between resting state and stimulus processing reflect changes in temporal and topological aspects of the functional organization of neural networks. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.251
71 Verb generation task: early automatic information retrieval or late effortful decision-making? Anastasia Nikolaevaa, Anna Butorinaa, Andrey Prokofieva, Anna Pavlovaa,b, Denis Bondareva,c, Tatiana Stroganovaa a MEG Center of Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia b Higher School of Economics National Research University, Moscow, Russia c National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia There is broad consensus that our ability to choose the intended word depends on cognitive control processes subserved by left ventrolateral prefrontal cortical (VLPFC) region. The previous fMRI studies using a verb generation paradigm demonstrated that the more difficult it is to retrieve the verb (the weaker association between a noun and a respective verb), the greater the activation of left VLPFC. The present MEG study utilized this paradigm to characterize, both in time and in terms of involved brain areas, automatic and controlled retrieval mechanisms. During MEG session 35 participants were presented with noun cues and responded with semantically related verb in the inflected form. Stimuli were 130 Russian nouns divided into two categories: with strong and weak association strength (SA and WA) between a noun and a possible verb response. The pipeline for MEG data analysis was created using SPM12 software to analyze MEG signal, phase-locked (PL) to the noun cue onset. The statistical analysis was aimed at revealing spatial-temporal clusters reflecting significant difference in the PL response to the noun cues with strong versus weak association with possible verb responses. Our results showed that verbal responses to the noun cue were significantly faster when participants generated verbs for nouns with strong versus weak association strength, suggesting successful effortless retrieval under the former condition. Surprisingly, analysis of the MEG PL response to visually presented noun revealed that the nouns which were more strongly associated with their verbs elicited higher PL response within the 250–450-ms time window than the nouns that required the retrieval of the weaker associated verbs. Source reconstruction demonstrated that SA-WA differences in the response magnitude initially appeared at the left temporal pole (250-270 ms), then spread to the left VLPFC (320-380 ms) with further propagation toward the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (410-460 ms). The conflicting fMRI and MEG results, most probably, are explained by the different mode of neural computation underlying automatic and controlled retrieval of the target word. MEG evoked response during the extraction of noun semantics reflects automatic retrieval of a target verb that occurs solely
each day, the similarity between sessions was higher than between subjects in a highly significant way. We discuss the possible biases of group “brain” averaging and the emphasis on statistical differences as opposed to similarities, and noise in a wide sense, as the main causes of hardly replicable findings on task-specific forms of activity and the inconclusive state of a universal functional mapping of cortical association areas. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.247
Posters Session 1 5 Brain activity changes on healthy adults during variable-g maneuvers Xavier Ruíza, Driacri Duberta, Jna Gavaldaa, Antoni Perez-Pochb, Esther Domènech-Vadilloc, Vicen Pascualc a Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain b Computer Science Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain c Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain In the last years, increased attention directed towards the effect of the hyper/hypogravity on human body was reported, due to the great interest in raising the spatial mission. To understand the effect of short weightlessness periods (6-8 s) on psychophysiological changes in human brain activity of healthy subjects, and how these changes may affect psychologically the person, present work reports the results obtained during a parabolic flight campaign effected using a small single-engine aerobatic plane. Six healthy volunteers attended this campaign. The parabolic flight was characterized by gravity variations from 1 g to approximately 3 g, so called hypergravity phase, followed by reduced gravity down to 0.05 g, so called hypogravity phase and ending with second hypergravity period, reaching 2 g. During the flight, the plain performed 12 parabolas in total, describing two types of experiments: the first six parabolas the individuals had their eyes open followed immediately by last six ones, with the eyes closed. Electroencephalogram (EEG), has been continuously recorded during the entire flight for all volunteers. EEG recorded data were first filtered by using band pass filter (fc = 8– 40 Hz) discarding much of the muscle artifacts and then two Independent Component Analysis algorithms were applied with the aim of removing the remaining artifacts (eye blinks, muscle artifacts). Only, clean parabolas were considered for this study. Intracranial bioelectrical activity was evaluated by applying Standardized Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA). In earlier work [Dubert et al. 2015] we discovered that changes of brain activity involving the visual cortex (open eyes experiment) and the temporal lobe (closed eyes experiment) were detected. The global intracranial activity, by lobes, was for the first time presented as a temporal evolution along the parabola. Same temporal evolution of physiological and phychological changes in human brain under hypo/hypergravity conditions, respectively and for different healthy subjects is proposed within present report, as general objective. Expected results could differentiate some kind of patterns of human adaptability/inadaptability to extreme gravity conditions. Though, the emotional implications of each of the subjects, due to the specific conditions of the flight, could have an effect on one´s brain responses, so that these changes may not be directly related to hyper/hypogravity conditions. D. Dubert, X. Ruiz, Jna. Gavaldà, A. Pérez-Poch, Brain activity changes induced by open and closed eyes during low-g maneuvers,
77
XXXIII Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Española de Ingeniería Biomédica (ISBN - 978-84-608-3354-3), CASEIB 2015, Madrid. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.248
29 Is the alpha asymmetry specific for general anxiety disorder in young patients? Aneta G. Demerdzievaa, Nada D. Pop-Jordanovab Acibaden Sistina Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia b Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia
a
Frontal alpha asymmetry (the relative difference in power between two signals in different hemispheres) has been suggested as biomarker for anxiety. The goal of this study was to evaluate alpha asymmetry in frontal region for young people (7-18 years) with generalized anxiety disorder, diagnosed according two statistic manuals (DMS-IV-R and ICD-10), medical history and neuropsychological assessment. QEEG recording and analysis of the obtained results from alpha spectra power and log of alpha spectra power are made in four conditions (eyes open, eyes closed, VCPT and ACPT). Obtained results for alpha power in general showed higher cortical activity in right hemisphere, associated with negative emotions. Calculated alpha asymmetry separate for eyes open, eyes closed, VCPT and ACPT conditions showed right activation in all four conditions. In addition, right frontal asymmetry was specific for Fp1 – Fp2 region but a greater left frontal activation was recorded for F7 - F8 region. Log of alpha power in general was additionally analyzed. Calculated asymmetry score in general (in a way that the left log transformed score was subtracted from the right) confirmed greater right activation. Testing the power of whole alpha band (μV2) in general, for all four conditions and for frontal region, showed right alpha asymmetries in all participants. Right alpha asymmetry in frontal region was specific only for Fp1-Fp2 region (frontopolar region). Our results suggest greater left frontal activation between F7 - F8 region. Our findings are supported by many other studies using specific localization methods like fMRI or LORETA source localization.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.249
54 Role of Inhibitory Cognitive Control in Creative Performance: An Event Related Potential Study Azizuddin Khan Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India Creativity is attributed with both automatic and controlled processes which are mediated by executive functions. Suppression of goal-irrelevant actions/ideas, accomplished by Inhibitory cognitive control, is crucial for creative idea generation. The current study is aimed at to investigate the role of inhibitory control by measuring the Stroop interference effect (SIE) between low and high creative groups. Both behavioral and event related potential (ERP) measures were employed. Two behavioral tasks, Alternate Uses Task and color word Stroop task were utilized. The two, high (n = 10) and low (n = 10) creative groups, were selected on the basis of their creativity scores (highest 10% and lowest 10% scores) in Alternate
78
IOP 2016
uses Task (AUT) from a random population (n = 54). Creativity scores of two groups differed significantly (P b 0.001), ensuring the edges of two groups. Stroop interference effect and other behavioral measures were calculated from the color-word Stroop task performance scores. The low and high groups were subjected to EEG recording. Continuous EEG data was recorded from 64 Ag-AgCl Active electrodes based on 10-20 system. All 64 channels were processed in BESA 6.0, first by localizing on the scalp by giving the co-ordinates on the scalp space. Re-referencing was done using the average reference method. Data was filtered with 0.05Hz low pass and 50Hz notch filter. EOG artifacts were removed with threshold of 150 micro volts for HEOG and 250 micro volts for VEOG/Blink artifacts. Manual inspection was performed to remove the muscle artifact. The artifact free EEG data was epoched. For ERP analysis, P3 related absolute maxima and minima were identified in specified search window. Results showed that high SIE scores were associated with high creativity group (MSIE_high = 73.23,MSIE_low = 32.27, t(18) = 2.108, p b 0.05), which express higher conflict between alternate responses due to interference process.Accuracy in congruent and incongruent trials was correlated positively with creativity (p b 0.05). From the ERP analysis, Shorter P3 latencies over frontocentral areas (all p b 0.05) in incongruent trials for high creative group indicates early stimulus identification and categorization process which is independent of response selection (RTs). Early detection of stimulus features also indicates higher requirement of attentional resources. High SIE is related with evaluation process time taken to stop goal-irrelevant selection. However, there is need for further investigations for feature categorization and separate evaluation times in inhibitory mechanism for creative and normal individuals. Keywords: AUT, feature categorization, Inhibition, Stroop task, and Suppression doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.250
70 EEG Network Topology Dynamics during Rest and Auditory Oddball Performance Viktor Müllera, Ulman Lindenbergera,b a Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany b European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy Neurophysiological evidence suggests that interacting neurons in the human brain dynamically self-organize into coherently oscillating structures or cell assemblies that are generated and activated by input from external or internal sources. Separate cell assemblies communicate with each other to integrate individual information flows into a common network. One of the mechanisms underlying such an integration or communication between different cell assemblies might be cross-frequency coupling, allowing accurate timing between different oscillatory rhythms. In this study, electroencephalographic recordings (EEG) were used to assess network structure and network dynamics during resting state versus auditory oddball performance through phase synchronization between EEG frequencies and channels. We constructed a hyper-frequency network (HFN) based on within- and cross-frequency coupling (WFC and CFC, respectively) at 10 oscillation frequencies ranging from 2 to 20 Hz. Generally, CFC discriminated better between the two task conditions than WFC. Using a graph-theoretical approach, we found that HFNs possess small-world network topology with a slight tendency towards random network characteristics. Analysis of
the temporal fluctuations of HFNs revealed specific network topology dynamics (NTD), with both differences and commonalities across conditions. Using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) followed by fuzzy c-means clustering, we were able to identify stimulus-related dynamics that differed by task condition, network topology, and the combination of frequency components. Importantly, each frequency node considered separately described stimulus processing more accurately than a combination of different frequency nodes. Under the assumption that different oscillation frequencies have different functional meaning and different temporal dynamics, this result is not surprising, and in line with the assumption of stimulus-induced complexity reduction. We conclude that differences in functional connectivity dynamics between resting state and stimulus processing reflect changes in temporal and topological aspects of the functional organization of neural networks. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.251
71 Verb generation task: early automatic information retrieval or late effortful decision-making? Anastasia Nikolaevaa, Anna Butorinaa, Andrey Prokofieva, Anna Pavlovaa,b, Denis Bondareva,c, Tatiana Stroganovaa a MEG Center of Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia b Higher School of Economics National Research University, Moscow, Russia c National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia There is broad consensus that our ability to choose the intended word depends on cognitive control processes subserved by left ventrolateral prefrontal cortical (VLPFC) region. The previous fMRI studies using a verb generation paradigm demonstrated that the more difficult it is to retrieve the verb (the weaker association between a noun and a respective verb), the greater the activation of left VLPFC. The present MEG study utilized this paradigm to characterize, both in time and in terms of involved brain areas, automatic and controlled retrieval mechanisms. During MEG session 35 participants were presented with noun cues and responded with semantically related verb in the inflected form. Stimuli were 130 Russian nouns divided into two categories: with strong and weak association strength (SA and WA) between a noun and a possible verb response. The pipeline for MEG data analysis was created using SPM12 software to analyze MEG signal, phase-locked (PL) to the noun cue onset. The statistical analysis was aimed at revealing spatial-temporal clusters reflecting significant difference in the PL response to the noun cues with strong versus weak association with possible verb responses. Our results showed that verbal responses to the noun cue were significantly faster when participants generated verbs for nouns with strong versus weak association strength, suggesting successful effortless retrieval under the former condition. Surprisingly, analysis of the MEG PL response to visually presented noun revealed that the nouns which were more strongly associated with their verbs elicited higher PL response within the 250–450-ms time window than the nouns that required the retrieval of the weaker associated verbs. Source reconstruction demonstrated that SA-WA differences in the response magnitude initially appeared at the left temporal pole (250-270 ms), then spread to the left VLPFC (320-380 ms) with further propagation toward the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (410-460 ms). The conflicting fMRI and MEG results, most probably, are explained by the different mode of neural computation underlying automatic and controlled retrieval of the target word. MEG evoked response during the extraction of noun semantics reflects automatic retrieval of a target verb that occurs solely