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Roles of glutamate receptors in brain function
164S
Poster session m
BIOL PSYCHIATRY 1997;42: I s-ms
Posters 65. Poster session lIT
165-1 I Schizophrenia: Changes In EEG Induced by rlsperidone P. Flor-Henry, J. Lind, A. Soong. Alberta Hospital Edmonton, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Methods: Unmedicated psychotics satisfying OSM-IV criteria for schizophre• nia were tested before treatment and after eight weeks of Risperidone therapy (2-8 mg a day) and normal controls were studied under resting conditions (eyes open and eyes closed) and during cognitive activation of the dominant hemisphere (Word Finding task) and of the nondominant hemisphere (Dot Localization task). Spectral analysis of the 48-channel EEG recordings was performed and cross spectral matrices were computed from 20 non-over1apping artifact-free segments of one second duration. Two topographic displays were constnJeted, one being 8 display of the power distribution and 8 second representing loadings 01 principal components obtained from the coherence matrix. Groups of electrodes with similarly correlated activity were therefore identified. Spherical spline interpolation was used for constnJetion of the topographic displays. Results: The analysis of the differences between the groups was done for the lour classical frequency bands but In the abstract only the fast fre• quencies (20-50 Hz) will be reported. In 8 preliminary analysis there was a dramatic change, Risperidone normalizing the left hemisphere (reduction or disappearance of left frontotemporal activity) with a corresponding pro• nounced and abnormal shift of power to the right hemisphere. This effect was particularly In evidence in the fast frequencies. Similar shilts from left to right were seen in coherence organization.
165-21 dyslexia Abnormal cerebral phospholipid metabolism In suggested by 31-phosphorus MRS A.J. Richardson " B.K. Puri 2, M. Burl 2, J. Sargentonl 2, I.J. Cox 2. , Academic Dept. of Psychiatry. Charing Cross & Westminster Medical Schoof. London, United Kingdom. 2 Hammersmith Hospital. London, United Kingdom The aim of this stUdy was to investigate the hypothesis that membrane phospholipid metabolism Is abnormal In developmental dyslexia ' . Methods: Subjects were 12 dyslexic adults (7 m, 5 f) and 10 controls (5 m 5 f) matched for sex, age and general ability. 31-P MRS was conducted u~lng 8 four-dimenslonal chemical shift Imaging technique, a repelition time of 59 and 8 000 pulse angle. Relative peak areas and positions for seven phOSphorus metabolites were determined by fitting the signals to inverse potynomlal functions. Results: Compared to controls. dyslexics showed a signiflC8llt elevation in ratios of PMEltlNTP (p =0.0005). PMEIPOE (p. 0.0159), and PME/lotal phosphorus (%PME) (p = 0.0059). No other spectral parameters, Including pH, differed significantly between the groups. It can be inferred from this that PME Is significan~y raised In dyslexia As the predominam components 01 this peak are precursors of membrane phospholipids, thiS finding sug• gests a problem with the biosynthesis 01 these phospholipids and/or their incorporation into cell membranes. Results are therefore consistent with the hypOthesis of a membrane phospholipid abnormality In dyslexia, and with other evidence for essential fatty acid deficiency, with potential implications for assessment and treatment. Reference (1) Honobln, OF. Glen AIM and Hudson CJ Msdk:aJ HypotheHs45, 605, 1995.
165-31 Left prefrontal cortical progression and alterations of laterality In catatonia: A CT and F-MRI study Georg Northoff, Hagen Waters, Silvia Diekmann, Ina SchrOdter, Dieter Braus, Andreas Leschinger, Bernhard Bogerts. Department of Psychiatry. University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg. Germany InlToduc1lon: Pathophyslologie 01 catatonia In general and of posturing In particular Is still unknown. We there for undertook structural measurements in CT and functional-MRI activation studies in catatonic patients. Methods: 37 catatonic schizophrenic patients were Investigated with CT where quantitative measurements where done. Furthermore we investigated two neuroleptic-naive catatonic patients eXhibiting posturing with motor activation in F·MRI. Results: Catatonic patients showed highly significant enlargements in CT of almost all Inner and outer CSF spaces mostly pronounced in left frontal areas, which correlated significantly positive with Illness duration. In F-MRI both catatonic patients showed alterations of laterality which were not seen in 2 age-and sex matched healthy controls.
165-41 Density and dlstrlbutlon of dopamine D4 receptors In
primate and human brain demonstrated with 11c.sDZ GLC 756, a new PET ligand
A. KJimke' , C. Boy 2.3, H. Herzog 3, M. Hoischbach 4, H. Muhlensiepen 3. M. Weckesser2.3, E. Rota Kops3, F. Sonnenberg 3, W. Gaebel!, R. Marksteln 5 , G. StOCklin 4 , H.H. Coenen 4, H.W. Mulier-G4rtner U • , Dept. of Psychiatry. Berglsch8 Landstrasse 2, W-40629 Duesseldorf, Gennany. 2 Dept. of Nuclear Medicine. University of Duesseldorf and Research Center Juelich. Germany, 3/nstitute of Medicine, Germany, 4/nstitute of Nuclear Chemistry. Germany. 58andoz Pharmac., Basel. Switzerland ObJec1Ivea: This study evaluates a new PET ligand with especially high affinity for dopamine 0 4 receptors In 3 baboons and In 3 human volunteers. Methods: The affinity of SOZ GLC lor different dopamine receptors was evaluated In vivo in the primale brain using repeated studies with POSitron emission computed tomography (PET) before and after pharmacological blockade using high dosages of SCH 23390 (O,/Os), Raclopride (Dz/Ds) and Spiperone (02/03/04), ReSUlts: In the living baboon brain, the neocortical specific binding 10 putative 0 4 receptors was 12-13% of the maximal binding of SOZ GLC In the striatum (Including all dopamine receptor SUbtypes). In the neocortex. 0 4 binding sites constituted 78% of the regional binding of SOZ. In 3 healthy volunteers without pharmacological pretreatment, the regional uptake of SOZ GLC was highest In the basal ganglia (100%), followed by thalamus (86%) and several cortical regions (up to 59%). This distribution corresponds well to the autoradiographic distribution of 04 and 0,/05 dopamine receptors. PET studies with SOZ GLC In untreated schizophrenia might be valuable for clarifICation of the role 01 the dopaminergic system, especlally with respect to thalamus and cortex.
165-51 Imaging Diagnostic positioning of atypical psychosis by brain H. Suga. T. Hayashi, N. Holla, T. Andoh, M. Ohara. Department of Neuropsychiatry. Aichi Medical University, Nagakute. Aichi. Japan This study Is to provide the effectuality of brain Imaging indices for the differential diagnosis between atypical psychosis and schizophrenia in order to Investigate the heterogeneity of schizophrenic psychoses. Methods: All the sUbjects (healthy controls, Schizophrenics (S group) and atypical psychosis patients (A group)) were classified Into five clusters by. cluster analysis using only computed tomography (CT) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Indices. Results: On the classificstion using only CT indices, the A group chiefly belonged to clusters II and III having no enlargements of vent1icles. The S group mainly came under clusters IV and V having the enlargements of ventricles. In the case of SPECT, the A group above all belonged to cluster 1 having normal findings. and clusters 2 and 5 having reduced uPtakes In the bilateral thalamic regions. The S group principally had clusters 3 and
Poster session m
BIOL PSYCHIATRY 1997;42: I s-ms
Posters 65. Poster session lIT
165-1 I Schizophrenia: Changes In EEG Induced by rlsperidone P. Flor-Henry, J. Lind, A. Soong. Alberta Hospital Edmonton, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Methods: Unmedicated psychotics satisfying OSM-IV criteria for schizophre• nia were tested before treatment and after eight weeks of Risperidone therapy (2-8 mg a day) and normal controls were studied under resting conditions (eyes open and eyes closed) and during cognitive activation of the dominant hemisphere (Word Finding task) and of the nondominant hemisphere (Dot Localization task). Spectral analysis of the 48-channel EEG recordings was performed and cross spectral matrices were computed from 20 non-over1apping artifact-free segments of one second duration. Two topographic displays were constnJeted, one being 8 display of the power distribution and 8 second representing loadings 01 principal components obtained from the coherence matrix. Groups of electrodes with similarly correlated activity were therefore identified. Spherical spline interpolation was used for constnJetion of the topographic displays. Results: The analysis of the differences between the groups was done for the lour classical frequency bands but In the abstract only the fast fre• quencies (20-50 Hz) will be reported. In 8 preliminary analysis there was a dramatic change, Risperidone normalizing the left hemisphere (reduction or disappearance of left frontotemporal activity) with a corresponding pro• nounced and abnormal shift of power to the right hemisphere. This effect was particularly In evidence in the fast frequencies. Similar shilts from left to right were seen in coherence organization.
165-21 dyslexia Abnormal cerebral phospholipid metabolism In suggested by 31-phosphorus MRS A.J. Richardson " B.K. Puri 2, M. Burl 2, J. Sargentonl 2, I.J. Cox 2. , Academic Dept. of Psychiatry. Charing Cross & Westminster Medical Schoof. London, United Kingdom. 2 Hammersmith Hospital. London, United Kingdom The aim of this stUdy was to investigate the hypothesis that membrane phospholipid metabolism Is abnormal In developmental dyslexia ' . Methods: Subjects were 12 dyslexic adults (7 m, 5 f) and 10 controls (5 m 5 f) matched for sex, age and general ability. 31-P MRS was conducted u~lng 8 four-dimenslonal chemical shift Imaging technique, a repelition time of 59 and 8 000 pulse angle. Relative peak areas and positions for seven phOSphorus metabolites were determined by fitting the signals to inverse potynomlal functions. Results: Compared to controls. dyslexics showed a signiflC8llt elevation in ratios of PMEltlNTP (p =0.0005). PMEIPOE (p. 0.0159), and PME/lotal phosphorus (%PME) (p = 0.0059). No other spectral parameters, Including pH, differed significantly between the groups. It can be inferred from this that PME Is significan~y raised In dyslexia As the predominam components 01 this peak are precursors of membrane phospholipids, thiS finding sug• gests a problem with the biosynthesis 01 these phospholipids and/or their incorporation into cell membranes. Results are therefore consistent with the hypOthesis of a membrane phospholipid abnormality In dyslexia, and with other evidence for essential fatty acid deficiency, with potential implications for assessment and treatment. Reference (1) Honobln, OF. Glen AIM and Hudson CJ Msdk:aJ HypotheHs45, 605, 1995.
165-31 Left prefrontal cortical progression and alterations of laterality In catatonia: A CT and F-MRI study Georg Northoff, Hagen Waters, Silvia Diekmann, Ina SchrOdter, Dieter Braus, Andreas Leschinger, Bernhard Bogerts. Department of Psychiatry. University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg. Germany InlToduc1lon: Pathophyslologie 01 catatonia In general and of posturing In particular Is still unknown. We there for undertook structural measurements in CT and functional-MRI activation studies in catatonic patients. Methods: 37 catatonic schizophrenic patients were Investigated with CT where quantitative measurements where done. Furthermore we investigated two neuroleptic-naive catatonic patients eXhibiting posturing with motor activation in F·MRI. Results: Catatonic patients showed highly significant enlargements in CT of almost all Inner and outer CSF spaces mostly pronounced in left frontal areas, which correlated significantly positive with Illness duration. In F-MRI both catatonic patients showed alterations of laterality which were not seen in 2 age-and sex matched healthy controls.
165-41 Density and dlstrlbutlon of dopamine D4 receptors In
primate and human brain demonstrated with 11c.sDZ GLC 756, a new PET ligand
A. KJimke' , C. Boy 2.3, H. Herzog 3, M. Hoischbach 4, H. Muhlensiepen 3. M. Weckesser2.3, E. Rota Kops3, F. Sonnenberg 3, W. Gaebel!, R. Marksteln 5 , G. StOCklin 4 , H.H. Coenen 4, H.W. Mulier-G4rtner U • , Dept. of Psychiatry. Berglsch8 Landstrasse 2, W-40629 Duesseldorf, Gennany. 2 Dept. of Nuclear Medicine. University of Duesseldorf and Research Center Juelich. Germany, 3/nstitute of Medicine, Germany, 4/nstitute of Nuclear Chemistry. Germany. 58andoz Pharmac., Basel. Switzerland ObJec1Ivea: This study evaluates a new PET ligand with especially high affinity for dopamine 0 4 receptors In 3 baboons and In 3 human volunteers. Methods: The affinity of SOZ GLC lor different dopamine receptors was evaluated In vivo in the primale brain using repeated studies with POSitron emission computed tomography (PET) before and after pharmacological blockade using high dosages of SCH 23390 (O,/Os), Raclopride (Dz/Ds) and Spiperone (02/03/04), ReSUlts: In the living baboon brain, the neocortical specific binding 10 putative 0 4 receptors was 12-13% of the maximal binding of SOZ GLC In the striatum (Including all dopamine receptor SUbtypes). In the neocortex. 0 4 binding sites constituted 78% of the regional binding of SOZ. In 3 healthy volunteers without pharmacological pretreatment, the regional uptake of SOZ GLC was highest In the basal ganglia (100%), followed by thalamus (86%) and several cortical regions (up to 59%). This distribution corresponds well to the autoradiographic distribution of 04 and 0,/05 dopamine receptors. PET studies with SOZ GLC In untreated schizophrenia might be valuable for clarifICation of the role 01 the dopaminergic system, especlally with respect to thalamus and cortex.
165-51 Imaging Diagnostic positioning of atypical psychosis by brain H. Suga. T. Hayashi, N. Holla, T. Andoh, M. Ohara. Department of Neuropsychiatry. Aichi Medical University, Nagakute. Aichi. Japan This study Is to provide the effectuality of brain Imaging indices for the differential diagnosis between atypical psychosis and schizophrenia in order to Investigate the heterogeneity of schizophrenic psychoses. Methods: All the sUbjects (healthy controls, Schizophrenics (S group) and atypical psychosis patients (A group)) were classified Into five clusters by. cluster analysis using only computed tomography (CT) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Indices. Results: On the classificstion using only CT indices, the A group chiefly belonged to clusters II and III having no enlargements of vent1icles. The S group mainly came under clusters IV and V having the enlargements of ventricles. In the case of SPECT, the A group above all belonged to cluster 1 having normal findings. and clusters 2 and 5 having reduced uPtakes In the bilateral thalamic regions. The S group principally had clusters 3 and