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S229 BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF ERDOSTEINE ON METHOTREXATE-INDUCED TESTICULAR TOXICITY IN MICE
Material & Methods: Thirty seven (21 primary, 12 secondary and 4 tertiary cases) couples were included in the study between March 2007 and May 2009. All the male patients were evaluated with history, physical examination, spermiogram, and endocrine profile. All the male patients were diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and underwent microdissection TESE. Secondary and tertiary cases were also included in the study. All the serum samples of the couples were obtained before TESE, and 3 and 12 months after TESE. Serum Serum antisperm antibodie (ASA) levels were examined. Microdissection TESE was performed under local anesthesia. The concentration of ASA in serum samples were measured by the anti-spermatozoa antibody ELISA. ANOVA analysis was performed for statistical analysis for serum Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), testosterone, testicular volume and ASA levels. Results: The mean age of the male patients was 32.8 (± 6.7) years. Pre and postoperative serum FSH and testosterone levels (3 and 12 months after TESE) of the patients were not significantly different, There were no differences in the testicular volumes before and after TESE. None of the patients and partners developed significant ASA as a result of TESE procedure. Spermatozoa was found in 15 of 37 (40.54% ) patients with NOA. One patient had minimal hematoma that responded to conservative therapy; two patients had prolonged pain (10 days). Conclusions: The blood-testis barrier is formed by the continuous layer of Sertoli cells and separate sperm and its precursors from the immune system. Antisperm antibodies may be produced when the blood-testis barrier is breached, allowing sperm antigens to prompt an immune response. Any disruption in the bloodtestis barrier can lead to the production of ASA. Vasectomy, acute epididymitis, cryptoorchidism and testicular trauma may lead to production of ASA. Couples with ASA have a higher incidence of impaired sperm motility, abnormal sperm agglutination and unexplained infertility. ASA may impair sperm fertilizing ability and is a serious factor which may prevent the success of various fertilization techniques. Because immunological infertility is a rare incidence, there are relatively fewer studies on this issue. There are limited number of studies in which ASA after TESE was evaluated. In contrast to other studies in the literature, the partners of the patients were also included in this study and some patients had undergone recurrent TESE. ELISA was used to determine ASA levels. After the 12-month follow up, neither the patients nor the partners developed ASA. In the light of the results of this study, it can be concluded that TESE procedure does not cause ASA production in couples; however, further studies concerning immunological infertility are needed.
S229
Beneficial effect of erdosteine on methotrexate-induced testicular toxicity in mice
Oktar S.1, Gökçe A.2, Aydin M.3, Davarci M.2, Meydan S.4, Ozturk O.H.5, Koc A.6 1 Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sökmen Medical School, Dept. of Pharmacology, Hatay, Turkey, 2Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sökmen Medical School, Dept. of Urology, Hatay, Turkey, 3Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sökmen Medical School, Dept. of Physiology, Hatay, Turkey, 4Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sökmen Medical School, Dept. of Anatomy, Hatay, Turkey, 5Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sökmen Medical School, Dept. of Biochemistry, Hatay, Turkey, 6Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Histology and Embryology, Hatay, Turkey Introduction & Objectives: Methotrexate is used to treat certain types of cancer of the breast, skin, head and neck, or lung. Methotrexate can cause serious or lifethreatening side effects on liver, lungs, kidneys, and immune system. Methotrexate chemotherapy causes testicular damage in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of erdosteine on testicular toxicity of methotrexate in mice. Material & Methods: Twenty-six male mice were divided into four groups as follows: group 1, control; group 2, erdosteine-treated; group 3, methotrexatetreated; and group 4, methotrexate + erdosteine treated. On the first day of experiment, a single dose of methotrexate was intraperitoneally administered to groups 3 and 4, although a daily single dose of erdosteine was orally administered to group 2 and 4 for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the testes of the animals were removed and weighed. Results: The levels of total antioxidant capacity and total oxidative stress, and myeloperoxidase activity in the methotrexate group were higher than the control group (p<0.05) (Table 1). Lipid peroxidation levels were not changed in methotrexate group compared with control group. Groups
MPO (U/g protein)
MDA (nmol/g protein)
TOS (mmol H2O2 Eq./g protein)
TAC (mmol Trolox Eq./g protein)
OSI (arbitrary unit)
1.Control
0.85±0.09
218±33
24±3
1.04±0.08
2.48±.38
2.Erdosteine
1.09±0.16
273±67
23±3
1.47±0.09
1.86±0.38
3. MTX
1.50±0.16
194±23
33±2
1.38±0.10
2.23±0.10
4. MTX+Erdostein 0.83±0.05
217±25
16±2
1.40±0.11
1.19±0.07
1-2
NS
NS
NS
p=0.006
NS
1-3
p=0.002
NS
p=0.026
p=0.021
NS
1-4
NS
NS
p=0.049
p=0.017
p=0.002
3-4
p<0.001
NS
p<0.001
NS
p=0.006
Eur Urol Suppl 2010;9(6):614
The one-way ANOVA was used to test for differences among groups. Results were epresented mean±SEM. MTX: methotrexate, NS: non significant. Conclusions: Erdosteine could effectively protect the testes in methotrexateinduced toxicity.
S230
The effect of quercetin on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Aldemir M.1, Özgün G.2, Önen E.1, Okulu E.1, Kayıgil O.1 1 Ankara Atatürk Teaching and Research Hospital, Dept. of Urology, Ankara, Turkey, 2Ankara Atatürk Teaching and Research Hospital, Dept. of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey Introduction & Objectives: We investigated the effect of quercetin on testicular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Material & Methods: Twenty four male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups: Group 1, control (n=5); Group 2, sham (n=4); Group 3, I/R (n=8); and Group 4, I/R + quercetin (n=7). Bilateral testicular artery and vein was occluded for 1 h, followed by reperfusion in I/R and I/R + quercetin animals. Quercetin (20 mg/kg/day) was administrated once daily by gavage to Group 1 and Group 4, respectively, after reperfusion. At the end of the study, bilateral orchiectomies were performed for histopathologic examination. The tissue damage was evaluated with light microscopy. Results: Normal interstitium and seminiferous tubules were observed in control group (Grade 0 injury). It was found that the quercetin did not affect the testis. In the sham group rats were seen minimal edema around the seminiferous tubules and congested vascular structures (Grade 1 injury). In the group of I/R, evident edema among seminiferous tubules, congestion in vascular structures, and extensive hemorrhage in interstitium were observed (Grade 2 injury). In the group of I/R + quercetin, significant alleviation in extensive hemorrhage in interstitium and edema among the seminiferious tubules was observed. Exclusively minimal interstitial edema and minimally congested vascular structures were diagnosed (Grade 1 injury). In Group 4, histopathologic features were markedly less than Group 3 (p=0.03). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that, quercetin seems to be protective effect in testis tissue with I/R compared to alone I/R subjects.
S231
Elastase as the sign of asymptomatic genital infection
Radovic M.1, Pajovic B.1, Radunovic M.2 1 Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Dept. of Urology and Nephrology, Podgorica, Montenegro, 2Medical School of The University of Montenegro, Dept. of Surgery, Podgorica, Montenegro Introduction & Objectives: The attention of urologists is attracted by two aspects of infection in male population: proved mutually presence of genital infection and also a reduction of fertility. In absence of clinical symptoms, calm, asymptomatic genital infection could be detected with biochemical parameter-elastase. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms is a secure proof of inflammatory process. If we can’t find the microorganisms, non-specific parameters could be used as an indicator of inflammatory process.The elastase is one of the lysosomic proteinase of polymorphic granulocytes, which is very important mediator of inflammation, when releases from the cell. Our aim is to evaluate the success of antibiotic therapy in asymptomatic genital infection, through the following the parameters of spermogram and elastase. Material & Methods: We studied the group of 58 infertile patients with increase level of elastase after 5-6 weeks of antibiotic therapy. In our group of 58 patients with asymptomatic genital infection in the age group of 20-40 years; the biggest number of all patients were the population in the age of 35, well 68 %, and the rest belongs to the other age groups.So, we had two male groups and we compared them concerned, their age groups and fertile parameters, including elastase.The sample for spermogram, patients gave with masturbation, after abstinence of 3-5 days.We used statistic methods- Spearman’s Rang-correlation. Results: The group of 58 infertile males with increased level of elastase was followed after 5-6 weeks of antibiotic therapy. Spearman’s Rang-correlation between the change of level of elastase in seminal plasma, and the change of number of spermatosoids in ejaculate, showed us an important betterment of number of spermatosoids.(r=0,555; p<0,01).Correlation of the change of elastase and the change of percent of progressive movable spermatosoids showed us an important increasing of the percent of movable spermatosoids after the therapy. ( r=0,427;p< 0,01). The following of the correlation between elastase and morphologically normal spermatosoids didn’t show us, an important betterment in the morphology of spermatosoids after the therapy (r=0,035;p>0,05). Conclusions: Elastase is a parameter in seminal plasma by which it can be safely diagnosis and monitoring the therapeutic outcome of asymptomatic genital infection.
S229
Beneficial effect of erdosteine on methotrexate-induced testicular toxicity in mice
Oktar S.1, Gökçe A.2, Aydin M.3, Davarci M.2, Meydan S.4, Ozturk O.H.5, Koc A.6 1 Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sökmen Medical School, Dept. of Pharmacology, Hatay, Turkey, 2Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sökmen Medical School, Dept. of Urology, Hatay, Turkey, 3Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sökmen Medical School, Dept. of Physiology, Hatay, Turkey, 4Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sökmen Medical School, Dept. of Anatomy, Hatay, Turkey, 5Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sökmen Medical School, Dept. of Biochemistry, Hatay, Turkey, 6Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Histology and Embryology, Hatay, Turkey Introduction & Objectives: Methotrexate is used to treat certain types of cancer of the breast, skin, head and neck, or lung. Methotrexate can cause serious or lifethreatening side effects on liver, lungs, kidneys, and immune system. Methotrexate chemotherapy causes testicular damage in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of erdosteine on testicular toxicity of methotrexate in mice. Material & Methods: Twenty-six male mice were divided into four groups as follows: group 1, control; group 2, erdosteine-treated; group 3, methotrexatetreated; and group 4, methotrexate + erdosteine treated. On the first day of experiment, a single dose of methotrexate was intraperitoneally administered to groups 3 and 4, although a daily single dose of erdosteine was orally administered to group 2 and 4 for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the testes of the animals were removed and weighed. Results: The levels of total antioxidant capacity and total oxidative stress, and myeloperoxidase activity in the methotrexate group were higher than the control group (p<0.05) (Table 1). Lipid peroxidation levels were not changed in methotrexate group compared with control group. Groups
MPO (U/g protein)
MDA (nmol/g protein)
TOS (mmol H2O2 Eq./g protein)
TAC (mmol Trolox Eq./g protein)
OSI (arbitrary unit)
1.Control
0.85±0.09
218±33
24±3
1.04±0.08
2.48±.38
2.Erdosteine
1.09±0.16
273±67
23±3
1.47±0.09
1.86±0.38
3. MTX
1.50±0.16
194±23
33±2
1.38±0.10
2.23±0.10
4. MTX+Erdostein 0.83±0.05
217±25
16±2
1.40±0.11
1.19±0.07
1-2
NS
NS
NS
p=0.006
NS
1-3
p=0.002
NS
p=0.026
p=0.021
NS
1-4
NS
NS
p=0.049
p=0.017
p=0.002
3-4
p<0.001
NS
p<0.001
NS
p=0.006
Eur Urol Suppl 2010;9(6):614
The one-way ANOVA was used to test for differences among groups. Results were epresented mean±SEM. MTX: methotrexate, NS: non significant. Conclusions: Erdosteine could effectively protect the testes in methotrexateinduced toxicity.
S230
The effect of quercetin on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Aldemir M.1, Özgün G.2, Önen E.1, Okulu E.1, Kayıgil O.1 1 Ankara Atatürk Teaching and Research Hospital, Dept. of Urology, Ankara, Turkey, 2Ankara Atatürk Teaching and Research Hospital, Dept. of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey Introduction & Objectives: We investigated the effect of quercetin on testicular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Material & Methods: Twenty four male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups: Group 1, control (n=5); Group 2, sham (n=4); Group 3, I/R (n=8); and Group 4, I/R + quercetin (n=7). Bilateral testicular artery and vein was occluded for 1 h, followed by reperfusion in I/R and I/R + quercetin animals. Quercetin (20 mg/kg/day) was administrated once daily by gavage to Group 1 and Group 4, respectively, after reperfusion. At the end of the study, bilateral orchiectomies were performed for histopathologic examination. The tissue damage was evaluated with light microscopy. Results: Normal interstitium and seminiferous tubules were observed in control group (Grade 0 injury). It was found that the quercetin did not affect the testis. In the sham group rats were seen minimal edema around the seminiferous tubules and congested vascular structures (Grade 1 injury). In the group of I/R, evident edema among seminiferous tubules, congestion in vascular structures, and extensive hemorrhage in interstitium were observed (Grade 2 injury). In the group of I/R + quercetin, significant alleviation in extensive hemorrhage in interstitium and edema among the seminiferious tubules was observed. Exclusively minimal interstitial edema and minimally congested vascular structures were diagnosed (Grade 1 injury). In Group 4, histopathologic features were markedly less than Group 3 (p=0.03). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that, quercetin seems to be protective effect in testis tissue with I/R compared to alone I/R subjects.
S231
Elastase as the sign of asymptomatic genital infection
Radovic M.1, Pajovic B.1, Radunovic M.2 1 Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Dept. of Urology and Nephrology, Podgorica, Montenegro, 2Medical School of The University of Montenegro, Dept. of Surgery, Podgorica, Montenegro Introduction & Objectives: The attention of urologists is attracted by two aspects of infection in male population: proved mutually presence of genital infection and also a reduction of fertility. In absence of clinical symptoms, calm, asymptomatic genital infection could be detected with biochemical parameter-elastase. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms is a secure proof of inflammatory process. If we can’t find the microorganisms, non-specific parameters could be used as an indicator of inflammatory process.The elastase is one of the lysosomic proteinase of polymorphic granulocytes, which is very important mediator of inflammation, when releases from the cell. Our aim is to evaluate the success of antibiotic therapy in asymptomatic genital infection, through the following the parameters of spermogram and elastase. Material & Methods: We studied the group of 58 infertile patients with increase level of elastase after 5-6 weeks of antibiotic therapy. In our group of 58 patients with asymptomatic genital infection in the age group of 20-40 years; the biggest number of all patients were the population in the age of 35, well 68 %, and the rest belongs to the other age groups.So, we had two male groups and we compared them concerned, their age groups and fertile parameters, including elastase.The sample for spermogram, patients gave with masturbation, after abstinence of 3-5 days.We used statistic methods- Spearman’s Rang-correlation. Results: The group of 58 infertile males with increased level of elastase was followed after 5-6 weeks of antibiotic therapy. Spearman’s Rang-correlation between the change of level of elastase in seminal plasma, and the change of number of spermatosoids in ejaculate, showed us an important betterment of number of spermatosoids.(r=0,555; p<0,01).Correlation of the change of elastase and the change of percent of progressive movable spermatosoids showed us an important increasing of the percent of movable spermatosoids after the therapy. ( r=0,427;p< 0,01). The following of the correlation between elastase and morphologically normal spermatosoids didn’t show us, an important betterment in the morphology of spermatosoids after the therapy (r=0,035;p>0,05). Conclusions: Elastase is a parameter in seminal plasma by which it can be safely diagnosis and monitoring the therapeutic outcome of asymptomatic genital infection.