- Email: [email protected]
SAE technical papers available for purchase
NEWS Contact: iSmithers, Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd, Shawbury, Shrewsbury Shropshire SY4 4NR, UK. Tel: +44-1939-250383, Email: [email protected], Web: www.polymer-books.com.
SAE technical papers available for purchase
T
echnical papers published by SAE dating from 1906 are now available for purchase. The material is available in PDF format, which can be downloaded, or in printed and fax versions. An additional 22 218 technical papers from 1906 to 1979 have been converted, bringing the collection of available technical papers to over 88 000. The papers are available from: www.sae.org/ technical/papers. Editor’s comment: A search of the database using ‘seal’ produced 493 papers. This is a useful facility as papers presented at SAE are easily overlooked. There is often a one-off ‘seals paper’ buried in a session on power trains or mobile hydraulics.
Recently Published Papers UÊ °Ê ]Ê-°Ê"LÊ>`Ê<°Êi}\Ê/ iÊivviVÌÃÊvÊVi>Àance sizes on labyrinth brush seal leakage performance using a Reynolds-averaged Navier– Stokes solver and non-Darcian porous medium model, Proc. IMechE, Part A, J. Power and Energy, Volume 223, pages 953–964 (2009). This covers a comparison of different analysis methods with experimental results. It is shown that leakage increases rapidly with increasing clearance (from paper abstract). UÊ Ê°Ê >]Ê °ÊL`Ê>`Ê°°Ê >ÌÌ >\Ê Gasketed bolted fange joint’s relaxation behaviour under different bolt up strategy, Proc. IMechE Part E: J. Process Mechanical Engineering, Volume 223, pages 259–264 (2009). The authors are from the Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute (GIKI), Topi, Pakistan. Two different bolt-up strategies used in industry during the assembly of a bolted fanged joint are used and joints relaxation, gasket stress variation, and joint strength are analysed using detailed non-linear finite-element analysis. It is concluded that the same average stress at the hub fillet radius and comparatively higher bolt stresses are found during bolt tightening as per the ASME guideline strategy, compared with the industrial standard strategy. It concludes
April 2010
that the ASME strategy provides better control of the dynamic mode of loading, compared with the industrial standard strategy. Moreover, uniform gasket stress is found in the ASME guideline approach, which improves the sealing capability of the joint. UÊ /°Ê,i``Þ vv]Ê°°Ê-«iÃÊ>`Ê°6°Ê"ÛiÀ\Ê Improved infrared temperature mapping of elastohydrodynamic contacts, Proc. IMechE Part J: J. Engineering Tribology, Volume 223 pages 1165–1177 (2009). This work by Imperial College, London, UK, used a high specification infrared (IR) camera and microscope. Besides the instantaneous capture of full field measurements, this has the advantage of increased sensitivity and higher spatial resolution, compared with previous systems that have been used. The increased sensitivity enables a much larger range of testable operating conditions to be covered – namely lower loads, speeds and reduced sliding. In addition, the range of test lubricants can be extended beyond high shearing traction fluids. UÊ Ê*°Ê Û>ÃÊ>`Ê,°7°Ê-`i\Ê/ iÊvÕÌÕÀiÊvÊ engineering tribology in concentrated contacts, Proc. ImechE Part C: J. Mechanical Engineering Science, Volume 223, pages 2939–2948 (2009). This provides a personal view of the authors, from Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, UK, which attempts to anticipate likely trends and developments in the field of engineering tribology. It is, of course, a personal view and the authors have chosen to focus on the field of concentrated contacts operating in elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), where they are tempted to make the kind of predictions required with at least a modicum of confidence. The main thrust of the argument presented is that engineering tribology will develop considerably and move towards modelling failure of the EHL mechanism rather than simply explaining its successful operation. UÊ °Ê >À}iÀ VÃÃ]Ê °Êi ÃÊ>`Ê °Ê8Õ\Ê Mechanical and tribological properties of rubber blends composed of HNBR and in situ produced polyurethane, Wear, Volume 268, Issues 3–4, pages 464–724 (4 February 2010). These authors variously represent Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; Kaiserslautern University of Technology, Kaiserslautern, Germany; and University of Miskolc, Hungary. A peroxide curable hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) was modified by in situ produced polyurethane (PU), added in 50 and 100 parts per hundred rubber. The cross-linked PU was formed from solid PU precursors – namely polyol and blocked polyisocyanate – during curing of the HNBR rubber. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis revealed that HNBR formed the continuous phase whereas PU the dispersed phase. The aim of this
work was to check the feasibility of the above blending route, and determine the mechanical and tribological properties, under dry sliding and rolling wear conditions. UÊ Ê °Ê >Ã\Ê } ÌÞÊÞi>ÀÃÊvÊÀiÃi>ÀV ÊÊ Þ`À>Õlic reciprocating seals: review of tribological studies and related topics since the 1930s, IMechE, Jnl. Eng. Tribology, Volume 224, Number 1 (2010). George Nikas is a member of the Tribology Group at Imperial College London, and has published widely on reciprocating seals. This paper is a major review of the history of research – both experimental and theoretical – from some initial work in the 1930s up to early 2009 (with over 200 references). This makes it useful reading in order to gain a wide introduction to the subject or for established workers to discover additional references. Theoretical analysis appears to be covered quite thoroughly and is fairly up to date. Early experimental work also appears to be well covered, for the period when there was little realistic theoretical modelling. Some of the more recent experimental work does not appear to be so well covered. UÊ q °Ê ÕÊ>`Ê °q °Êi}\Ê/ iÊvÕiViÊvÊ injection molding on tribological characteristics of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene under dry sliding, Wear, Volume 268, Issues 5–6, pages 803–810 (11 February 2010). The authors are from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of various injection-moulding process parameters on the tribological properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The variable parameters of the injection-moulding process were melt temperature, mould temperature and injection velocity. Experimental results show that different wear contact loads and varied injection-moulding conditions influence the friction coefficient and wear volume loss of the UHMWPE specimens. As the sliding contact loads increased, the friction coefficient also increased. The lowest wear volume loss mostly occurred under the highest injection-moulding conditions.
Erratum In last month’s issue of Sealing Technology we omitted the telephone number for HS Polymer Reprocessing Ltd, which contributed the feature article entitled ‘Reprocessing of polymeric materials for reincorporation into moulded components’ (pages 8–11). The full contact details (including the VoIP telephone number) are: HS Polymer Reprocessing Ltd, Newton Business Park, Talbot Road, Hyde, Cheshire SK14 4UQ, UK. Tel: +44 (0)5600 753364 (internet), Fax: +44 161 366 5201, Email: [email protected].
Sealing Technology
7
SAE technical papers available for purchase
T
echnical papers published by SAE dating from 1906 are now available for purchase. The material is available in PDF format, which can be downloaded, or in printed and fax versions. An additional 22 218 technical papers from 1906 to 1979 have been converted, bringing the collection of available technical papers to over 88 000. The papers are available from: www.sae.org/ technical/papers. Editor’s comment: A search of the database using ‘seal’ produced 493 papers. This is a useful facility as papers presented at SAE are easily overlooked. There is often a one-off ‘seals paper’ buried in a session on power trains or mobile hydraulics.
Recently Published Papers UÊ °Ê ]Ê-°Ê"LÊ>`Ê<°Êi}\Ê/ iÊivviVÌÃÊvÊVi>Àance sizes on labyrinth brush seal leakage performance using a Reynolds-averaged Navier– Stokes solver and non-Darcian porous medium model, Proc. IMechE, Part A, J. Power and Energy, Volume 223, pages 953–964 (2009). This covers a comparison of different analysis methods with experimental results. It is shown that leakage increases rapidly with increasing clearance (from paper abstract). UÊ Ê°Ê >]Ê °ÊL`Ê>`Ê°°Ê >ÌÌ >\Ê Gasketed bolted fange joint’s relaxation behaviour under different bolt up strategy, Proc. IMechE Part E: J. Process Mechanical Engineering, Volume 223, pages 259–264 (2009). The authors are from the Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute (GIKI), Topi, Pakistan. Two different bolt-up strategies used in industry during the assembly of a bolted fanged joint are used and joints relaxation, gasket stress variation, and joint strength are analysed using detailed non-linear finite-element analysis. It is concluded that the same average stress at the hub fillet radius and comparatively higher bolt stresses are found during bolt tightening as per the ASME guideline strategy, compared with the industrial standard strategy. It concludes
April 2010
that the ASME strategy provides better control of the dynamic mode of loading, compared with the industrial standard strategy. Moreover, uniform gasket stress is found in the ASME guideline approach, which improves the sealing capability of the joint. UÊ /°Ê,i``Þ vv]Ê°°Ê-«iÃÊ>`Ê°6°Ê"ÛiÀ\Ê Improved infrared temperature mapping of elastohydrodynamic contacts, Proc. IMechE Part J: J. Engineering Tribology, Volume 223 pages 1165–1177 (2009). This work by Imperial College, London, UK, used a high specification infrared (IR) camera and microscope. Besides the instantaneous capture of full field measurements, this has the advantage of increased sensitivity and higher spatial resolution, compared with previous systems that have been used. The increased sensitivity enables a much larger range of testable operating conditions to be covered – namely lower loads, speeds and reduced sliding. In addition, the range of test lubricants can be extended beyond high shearing traction fluids. UÊ Ê*°Ê Û>ÃÊ>`Ê,°7°Ê-`i\Ê/ iÊvÕÌÕÀiÊvÊ engineering tribology in concentrated contacts, Proc. ImechE Part C: J. Mechanical Engineering Science, Volume 223, pages 2939–2948 (2009). This provides a personal view of the authors, from Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, UK, which attempts to anticipate likely trends and developments in the field of engineering tribology. It is, of course, a personal view and the authors have chosen to focus on the field of concentrated contacts operating in elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), where they are tempted to make the kind of predictions required with at least a modicum of confidence. The main thrust of the argument presented is that engineering tribology will develop considerably and move towards modelling failure of the EHL mechanism rather than simply explaining its successful operation. UÊ °Ê >À}iÀ VÃÃ]Ê °Êi ÃÊ>`Ê °Ê8Õ\Ê Mechanical and tribological properties of rubber blends composed of HNBR and in situ produced polyurethane, Wear, Volume 268, Issues 3–4, pages 464–724 (4 February 2010). These authors variously represent Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; Kaiserslautern University of Technology, Kaiserslautern, Germany; and University of Miskolc, Hungary. A peroxide curable hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) was modified by in situ produced polyurethane (PU), added in 50 and 100 parts per hundred rubber. The cross-linked PU was formed from solid PU precursors – namely polyol and blocked polyisocyanate – during curing of the HNBR rubber. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis revealed that HNBR formed the continuous phase whereas PU the dispersed phase. The aim of this
work was to check the feasibility of the above blending route, and determine the mechanical and tribological properties, under dry sliding and rolling wear conditions. UÊ Ê °Ê >Ã\Ê } ÌÞÊÞi>ÀÃÊvÊÀiÃi>ÀV ÊÊ Þ`À>Õlic reciprocating seals: review of tribological studies and related topics since the 1930s, IMechE, Jnl. Eng. Tribology, Volume 224, Number 1 (2010). George Nikas is a member of the Tribology Group at Imperial College London, and has published widely on reciprocating seals. This paper is a major review of the history of research – both experimental and theoretical – from some initial work in the 1930s up to early 2009 (with over 200 references). This makes it useful reading in order to gain a wide introduction to the subject or for established workers to discover additional references. Theoretical analysis appears to be covered quite thoroughly and is fairly up to date. Early experimental work also appears to be well covered, for the period when there was little realistic theoretical modelling. Some of the more recent experimental work does not appear to be so well covered. UÊ q °Ê ÕÊ>`Ê °q °Êi}\Ê/ iÊvÕiViÊvÊ injection molding on tribological characteristics of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene under dry sliding, Wear, Volume 268, Issues 5–6, pages 803–810 (11 February 2010). The authors are from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of various injection-moulding process parameters on the tribological properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The variable parameters of the injection-moulding process were melt temperature, mould temperature and injection velocity. Experimental results show that different wear contact loads and varied injection-moulding conditions influence the friction coefficient and wear volume loss of the UHMWPE specimens. As the sliding contact loads increased, the friction coefficient also increased. The lowest wear volume loss mostly occurred under the highest injection-moulding conditions.
Erratum In last month’s issue of Sealing Technology we omitted the telephone number for HS Polymer Reprocessing Ltd, which contributed the feature article entitled ‘Reprocessing of polymeric materials for reincorporation into moulded components’ (pages 8–11). The full contact details (including the VoIP telephone number) are: HS Polymer Reprocessing Ltd, Newton Business Park, Talbot Road, Hyde, Cheshire SK14 4UQ, UK. Tel: +44 (0)5600 753364 (internet), Fax: +44 161 366 5201, Email: [email protected].
Sealing Technology
7