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Safety and machine tools
Abrasion testing H. Christensen (SINTEF, Norway) briefly reviewed work carried out to obtain a better understanding of the laws and mechanisms of abrasive wear. He described the laboratory test machines developed and their use for the assessment of materials under service conditions and the development of new materials. In a written contribution G. W. Rowe (University of Birmingham) indicated links between abrasive wear and grinding and how the study of one could be beneficial to the understanding of the other.
Rolling friction H. Krause and H. Jtihe (TH Aachen, Germany) described the application of X-ray techniques to the determination of internal stresses produced in their study of the wheel/rail system.
Systems analysis and simulation of applied conditions Based on the application of systems analysis to tribology, a system-analytical check list for friction and wear tests was presented by H. Czichos (BAM, Berlin, Germany). Details of the check list and the significant parameters were outlined and its application illustrated with examples. A. W. J. de Gee (TNO, Holland) outlined a systematic method for the selection of materials for bearings operating under conditions of mixed lubriaction. He compared results obtained by its application, using results from criteria obtained by a pin-on-ring method for ranking materials with those obtained with a journal bearing test rig. An example of tire application of the method for a specific industrial application was presented. D. Play and M. Godet (INSA, France) discussed the principles of simple service simulation tests for the design of dry bearing materials based on the analysis of real systems. Friction, bulk temperature, and wear were measured for various materials under different operating conditions. Material thickness, third body, and transfer effects were studied. Tile conditions found necessary for adequate simulation of bearing operation were established. The methods developed for system analysis of wear problems and their application to seal joints and surface treatments were outlined by R. Courtel and J. Blouet (CNRS, Meudon, France).
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P. Fornallaz (ETH, Zurich, Switzerland) described the development of a test rig for the automatic analysis of friction and wear of small diameter journal bearings under unlubricated conditions to aid the designer to predetermine the performance of fine mechanisms. Five different measurements from 12 test rigs are automatically registered in short intervals and processed by computer. The study of energy transformations in tribological systems involving boundary lubrication, abrasive wear, and erosion, and its application to the understanding of the phenomena involved was described by H. Uetz and J. Fohl (MPA, Stuttgart, Germany).
Machinery condition monitoring H. Christensen (SINTEF, Norway) outlined the philosophy of machinery condition monitoring and the techniques used, and reviewed briefly methods of vibration recording and analysis. The unique particles of wear, isolated and analysed by ferrography were discussed with reference to their relevance to bearing, lubricant, and machinery condition monitoring by D. Scott (NEL, Scotland). The use of ferrographic oil analysis to allow the safe switch from regular, periodic dismantling of machinery to the more economic failure prevention
Macclesfield, UK. October 14, 1976
Safety and Machine Tools Guarding, protective equipment, machine access, fume extraction, hygiene, monitoring, and inspection are factors which need to be considered in ensuring the safe operation of machine tools. They are factors which are of increasing importance in the light of the requirements laid down by the Health and Safety at Work Act. The practical implications of the Act for both the user and supplier of machine tools are many and varied. They will form the basis of a one-day seminar at the Machine Tool Industry Research Association, on Thursday, October 14th 1976.
TRIBOLOGY international August 1976
maintenance was outlined with examples from practice.
Term, definition, and documentations The current position regarding pubfications and the various activities of the Sub-Group in the field were reviewed by K. Kirschke (BAM, Berlin, Germany). The present output of papers in the field of tribology is about 6,000 year and the rate of expansion is about 10% per year.
Conclusions As usual the meeting stimulated lively discussion, a useful exchange of information, and the formulation of cooperative research projects for the next 12 months. The application of wear debris analysis to thin film lubricant breakdown will be initiated. The current economic situation was reflected in the reduced attendance and particularly in the absence of members from the USA. Details of co-operative research programmes and particulars of active membership are available from the Secretariat, c/o Metaalinstituut, TNO, PO Box 541, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands. D. Scott
The seminar will include a review of recent developments since the Act was enforced, with particular emphasis on the 'nuts and bolts' of safety including the design and use of guards, machine operation, etc. Speakers from MTIRA and the Machine Tool Trades Association will review research currently being undertaken and the development of codes of practice to allow safety requirements to be met in the machine tool industry. Representatives of machine manufacturers will describe the efforts being made to meet their obligations on safety. Specific comment, with case histories, will be made by speakers from the Health and Safety Executive, EEF, and other organisations involved. Further information can be obtained fromN. Percival, MTIRA, Hulley Road, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NE, UK
Rolling friction H. Krause and H. Jtihe (TH Aachen, Germany) described the application of X-ray techniques to the determination of internal stresses produced in their study of the wheel/rail system.
Systems analysis and simulation of applied conditions Based on the application of systems analysis to tribology, a system-analytical check list for friction and wear tests was presented by H. Czichos (BAM, Berlin, Germany). Details of the check list and the significant parameters were outlined and its application illustrated with examples. A. W. J. de Gee (TNO, Holland) outlined a systematic method for the selection of materials for bearings operating under conditions of mixed lubriaction. He compared results obtained by its application, using results from criteria obtained by a pin-on-ring method for ranking materials with those obtained with a journal bearing test rig. An example of tire application of the method for a specific industrial application was presented. D. Play and M. Godet (INSA, France) discussed the principles of simple service simulation tests for the design of dry bearing materials based on the analysis of real systems. Friction, bulk temperature, and wear were measured for various materials under different operating conditions. Material thickness, third body, and transfer effects were studied. Tile conditions found necessary for adequate simulation of bearing operation were established. The methods developed for system analysis of wear problems and their application to seal joints and surface treatments were outlined by R. Courtel and J. Blouet (CNRS, Meudon, France).
184
P. Fornallaz (ETH, Zurich, Switzerland) described the development of a test rig for the automatic analysis of friction and wear of small diameter journal bearings under unlubricated conditions to aid the designer to predetermine the performance of fine mechanisms. Five different measurements from 12 test rigs are automatically registered in short intervals and processed by computer. The study of energy transformations in tribological systems involving boundary lubrication, abrasive wear, and erosion, and its application to the understanding of the phenomena involved was described by H. Uetz and J. Fohl (MPA, Stuttgart, Germany).
Machinery condition monitoring H. Christensen (SINTEF, Norway) outlined the philosophy of machinery condition monitoring and the techniques used, and reviewed briefly methods of vibration recording and analysis. The unique particles of wear, isolated and analysed by ferrography were discussed with reference to their relevance to bearing, lubricant, and machinery condition monitoring by D. Scott (NEL, Scotland). The use of ferrographic oil analysis to allow the safe switch from regular, periodic dismantling of machinery to the more economic failure prevention
Macclesfield, UK. October 14, 1976
Safety and Machine Tools Guarding, protective equipment, machine access, fume extraction, hygiene, monitoring, and inspection are factors which need to be considered in ensuring the safe operation of machine tools. They are factors which are of increasing importance in the light of the requirements laid down by the Health and Safety at Work Act. The practical implications of the Act for both the user and supplier of machine tools are many and varied. They will form the basis of a one-day seminar at the Machine Tool Industry Research Association, on Thursday, October 14th 1976.
TRIBOLOGY international August 1976
maintenance was outlined with examples from practice.
Term, definition, and documentations The current position regarding pubfications and the various activities of the Sub-Group in the field were reviewed by K. Kirschke (BAM, Berlin, Germany). The present output of papers in the field of tribology is about 6,000 year and the rate of expansion is about 10% per year.
Conclusions As usual the meeting stimulated lively discussion, a useful exchange of information, and the formulation of cooperative research projects for the next 12 months. The application of wear debris analysis to thin film lubricant breakdown will be initiated. The current economic situation was reflected in the reduced attendance and particularly in the absence of members from the USA. Details of co-operative research programmes and particulars of active membership are available from the Secretariat, c/o Metaalinstituut, TNO, PO Box 541, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands. D. Scott
The seminar will include a review of recent developments since the Act was enforced, with particular emphasis on the 'nuts and bolts' of safety including the design and use of guards, machine operation, etc. Speakers from MTIRA and the Machine Tool Trades Association will review research currently being undertaken and the development of codes of practice to allow safety requirements to be met in the machine tool industry. Representatives of machine manufacturers will describe the efforts being made to meet their obligations on safety. Specific comment, with case histories, will be made by speakers from the Health and Safety Executive, EEF, and other organisations involved. Further information can be obtained fromN. Percival, MTIRA, Hulley Road, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NE, UK