- Email: [email protected]
SAS
Package Reports
61
to access up to 20 separate files in a single run." Commands like JOIN, MATCH, and COLLATE offer some relational database capabilities. The user can sort, interleave, find duplicates, split, update, and rank the data set(s). The data modification features (the P-STAT Programming Language - PPL) allow the user to recode variables, create new variables, and do logical selection. PPL can be used either on a single row (case) of a file or across groups of related rows. Crosstabulation formats are very flexible. In conversational mode the tables themselves can be modified without having to make additional passes through the data. Rows and columns can be collapsed, options modified, and labels changed interactively. Statistical procedures include regression, correlation, discriminant analysis, factor analysis, analysis of variance, matrix operations, percentiles, skewness, and other measurements. Two new fully conversational commands, A N O V A and EDA, will be available in release 7 of P-STAT. Documentation includes the User's Manual, Pocket Guide, Technical Guide, Short Course Work Sheets, and online NEWS and HELP features. Several technical papers describing new commands (ANOVA), portability techniques, direct access methods and database technology, and an overview of P-STAT are available, see the P-STATUS newsletter # 10 - April 1982, or write P-STAT, Inc., P.O. Box 285, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA. Telephone 609-924-9100. •
SAS SAS (Statistical Analysis System) is an all-purpose data analysis system and a flexible applications development language. SAS provides tools for data management and retrieval, report writing, and statistical analysis. Additional SAS products - S A S / G R A P H , SAS/ETS, SAS/FSP, and S A S / I M S - D L / I - are available to SAS users for color graphics; econometric forecasting, modeling, and financial planning; full-screen data entry and editing; and interfacing to D L / I data bases. Over 5 000 SAS products are currently installed worldwide. The SAS language is English-like and easily learned by nontechnical users, as well as highly trained programmers. SAS jobs consist of DATA steps and PROC steps: SAS data sets are created in DATA steps; SAS data sets are analyzed in PROC steps. Program statements can be used in the D A T A step to change data values, create new observations or delete old ones, produce reports, and perform many other operations. D O / E N D and I F - T H E N / E L S E statements let users skip statements for certain observations or change the order of the statements encountered. Functions for extracting p-values from common distributions; random number generators for normal, uniform, and triangular distributions; and array processing statements are also available. SAS data sets can be stored, merged,
62
Package Reports
concatenated, or updated with simple commands. The ease of manipulating SAS data sets makes it ideally suited to research data management. A macro facility allows users to define and build new applications easily using SAS as the source language. The SAS library contains more than 80 procedures for univariate descriptive statistics, cross tabulations, chi-square and t tests, correlations, ordinary least squares regression including regression diagnostics for determining the influence of outliers, general linear models for balanced and unbalanced designs, nonlinear regression, stepwise regression, ridge regression, response surface regression, probit analyses, categorical linear models including logit models, variance component estimation, autoregression, multidimensional scaling, factor analysis, discriminant and stepwise discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, principal components, hierarchical and nonhierarchical clustering, and nonparametric tests. Utility procedures in SAS are available for printing, charting, plotting, sorting, and ranking data. The SAS procedure MATRIX is a complete programming language in which operations are performed on entire matrices of values. If a statistical method has not been implemented in SAS, users can program it using the MATRIX procedure. Programs that take hundreds of lines of code in FORTRAN or other languages might only take a few lines in MATRIX. Other important features in SAS include the BY statement and the ability to output data sets. The BY statement provides an automatic breakdown facility for most SAS procedures. The output data set facility lets users input the results from one procedure to subsequent SAS procedures in the same session. The SAS/ETS (Econometrics and Time-Series Library) includes procedures for Fast Fourier transform spectral analyses, moving average and stepwise autoregressive time-series forecasting, Box-Jenkins ARIMA models including transfer function and intervention models, state space forecasting, X l l seasonal adjustment forecasting, and procedures for simultaneous regression specification, estimation, and simulation suitable for econometric modeling. S A S / G R A P H produces bar, pie, star, and block charts; plots; slides; and choropleth, surface, prism, and block maps using a variety of colors and patterns. A sophisticated smoothing algorithm permits three-dimensional surfaces to be fitted and displayed from non-uniform experimental data. Several font styles can be used for titles, footnotes, and notes. SAS/FSP provides procedures for full-screen data entry, editing, and retrieval of SAS files. A letter composition and storage facility links data with letters to produce personalized letters on information processors and line printers. SAS/FSP requires IBM 3270 or compatible terminals. SAS/IMS is a D L / I interface that provides access to batch IMS/VS or C I C S / O S / V S data bases, using SAS in batch or under TSO. SAS products run on IBM 360/370/30xx/43xx and compatible machines under OS, OS/VS, V M / C M S , DOS/VSE, TSO, and ICCF. For more information, write or call: SAS Institute Inc., SAS Circle, Box 8000, Cary, NC 27511-8000 USA. Telephone (919) 467-8000. •
61
to access up to 20 separate files in a single run." Commands like JOIN, MATCH, and COLLATE offer some relational database capabilities. The user can sort, interleave, find duplicates, split, update, and rank the data set(s). The data modification features (the P-STAT Programming Language - PPL) allow the user to recode variables, create new variables, and do logical selection. PPL can be used either on a single row (case) of a file or across groups of related rows. Crosstabulation formats are very flexible. In conversational mode the tables themselves can be modified without having to make additional passes through the data. Rows and columns can be collapsed, options modified, and labels changed interactively. Statistical procedures include regression, correlation, discriminant analysis, factor analysis, analysis of variance, matrix operations, percentiles, skewness, and other measurements. Two new fully conversational commands, A N O V A and EDA, will be available in release 7 of P-STAT. Documentation includes the User's Manual, Pocket Guide, Technical Guide, Short Course Work Sheets, and online NEWS and HELP features. Several technical papers describing new commands (ANOVA), portability techniques, direct access methods and database technology, and an overview of P-STAT are available, see the P-STATUS newsletter # 10 - April 1982, or write P-STAT, Inc., P.O. Box 285, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA. Telephone 609-924-9100. •
SAS SAS (Statistical Analysis System) is an all-purpose data analysis system and a flexible applications development language. SAS provides tools for data management and retrieval, report writing, and statistical analysis. Additional SAS products - S A S / G R A P H , SAS/ETS, SAS/FSP, and S A S / I M S - D L / I - are available to SAS users for color graphics; econometric forecasting, modeling, and financial planning; full-screen data entry and editing; and interfacing to D L / I data bases. Over 5 000 SAS products are currently installed worldwide. The SAS language is English-like and easily learned by nontechnical users, as well as highly trained programmers. SAS jobs consist of DATA steps and PROC steps: SAS data sets are created in DATA steps; SAS data sets are analyzed in PROC steps. Program statements can be used in the D A T A step to change data values, create new observations or delete old ones, produce reports, and perform many other operations. D O / E N D and I F - T H E N / E L S E statements let users skip statements for certain observations or change the order of the statements encountered. Functions for extracting p-values from common distributions; random number generators for normal, uniform, and triangular distributions; and array processing statements are also available. SAS data sets can be stored, merged,
62
Package Reports
concatenated, or updated with simple commands. The ease of manipulating SAS data sets makes it ideally suited to research data management. A macro facility allows users to define and build new applications easily using SAS as the source language. The SAS library contains more than 80 procedures for univariate descriptive statistics, cross tabulations, chi-square and t tests, correlations, ordinary least squares regression including regression diagnostics for determining the influence of outliers, general linear models for balanced and unbalanced designs, nonlinear regression, stepwise regression, ridge regression, response surface regression, probit analyses, categorical linear models including logit models, variance component estimation, autoregression, multidimensional scaling, factor analysis, discriminant and stepwise discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, principal components, hierarchical and nonhierarchical clustering, and nonparametric tests. Utility procedures in SAS are available for printing, charting, plotting, sorting, and ranking data. The SAS procedure MATRIX is a complete programming language in which operations are performed on entire matrices of values. If a statistical method has not been implemented in SAS, users can program it using the MATRIX procedure. Programs that take hundreds of lines of code in FORTRAN or other languages might only take a few lines in MATRIX. Other important features in SAS include the BY statement and the ability to output data sets. The BY statement provides an automatic breakdown facility for most SAS procedures. The output data set facility lets users input the results from one procedure to subsequent SAS procedures in the same session. The SAS/ETS (Econometrics and Time-Series Library) includes procedures for Fast Fourier transform spectral analyses, moving average and stepwise autoregressive time-series forecasting, Box-Jenkins ARIMA models including transfer function and intervention models, state space forecasting, X l l seasonal adjustment forecasting, and procedures for simultaneous regression specification, estimation, and simulation suitable for econometric modeling. S A S / G R A P H produces bar, pie, star, and block charts; plots; slides; and choropleth, surface, prism, and block maps using a variety of colors and patterns. A sophisticated smoothing algorithm permits three-dimensional surfaces to be fitted and displayed from non-uniform experimental data. Several font styles can be used for titles, footnotes, and notes. SAS/FSP provides procedures for full-screen data entry, editing, and retrieval of SAS files. A letter composition and storage facility links data with letters to produce personalized letters on information processors and line printers. SAS/FSP requires IBM 3270 or compatible terminals. SAS/IMS is a D L / I interface that provides access to batch IMS/VS or C I C S / O S / V S data bases, using SAS in batch or under TSO. SAS products run on IBM 360/370/30xx/43xx and compatible machines under OS, OS/VS, V M / C M S , DOS/VSE, TSO, and ICCF. For more information, write or call: SAS Institute Inc., SAS Circle, Box 8000, Cary, NC 27511-8000 USA. Telephone (919) 467-8000. •