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Scherer, H.: What Does Salpingography Accomplish in the Recognition of and Treatment of Female Sterility?
57!\
ABSTRACTS
Ovarian dysfunction cannot be overcome by ovarian hormone therapy. But thr: author believes that a very satisfactory form of treatment is homotransplantation of an ovary. Such a transplant can act as a stimulant to a woman's defective ovaries and produce maturation of follicles. The author observed two pregnanciel'l following homoplastic ovarian transplants in cases of hypofunction of the ovaries without apparent lesions. A second form of treatment which may be satisfactory is the use of pituitary hormone. However, the urinary gonadotropins are not effective but the. gonadotropic hormones derived from serum can produce maturation of follicles in women. At present since such gonadotropic hormones cannot be obtained, the author is resorting to blood of pregnant women because it contains a large amount of proJan A and B. .T. P. GREENHILL. Reist, A.: The Therapeutic Signi1lcance of Tubal Patency Tests, Sehweiz. med. Wclmschr. 77: 206-208, 1943. During the last 16 years Reist performed Rubin tests on 381 women and found the tubes closed in 127 or 33.5 per cent. Among the 254 women who had patent tubes, 75 or 29.5 per cent became pregnant. Of this group 69 women gave birth to living children, 4 had miscarriages and 2 had extrauterine pregnancies. In 13 per cent of the 254 cases, pregnancy immediately followed the tubal patency test. Hence the Rubin test is not only a diagnostic procedure but also a therapeutic one. There is no unity of opinion concerning why the Rubin test leads to pregnancy in so many cases of sterility. The reasons advanced are: (1) The test produces an increased activity of the tubes; (2) Mild adhesions are broken down; and (3) Reist believes that the test in some eases produces an additional ovulation in the premenstrual period; (4) Rubin tests help ascent of spermatozoa. The author is in favor of performing repeated tubal patency tests at intervals of 2 or 3 months. His maximum for one patient is 12 tests.
J.P.
GREENHU,L.
De Moraes, A., and Rosado J.: Hysterosalpingography in the Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy, Obst. y ginec. Latino-Amerieanas 1: 19-32, 1943. The authors employed hysterosalpingography in cases of ectopic pregnancy at the .A. de Moraes Maternity Hospital (Rio de Janerio). In all the eases operation confirmed the diagnosis. The authors emphasize that the injection of oil is unnecessary in the cases of ectopic gestation complicated by rupture and internal hemorrhage but this aid is of great value in doubtful eases. Hysterosalpingography is of greatest diagnostic value in the cases of unruptured tubal pregnancy. This method in the opinion of the authors is harmless and less dangerous than pelvic puncture, biopsy of the endometrium, pneumonoscopy or pneumoroentgenography. The procedure is particularly useful in differentiating between a uterine angular pregnancy and an ectopic pregnancy. J. P. GREENHILL. Scherer, B.: What Does SaJ.pingography Accomplish in tile Recognition of and Treatment of Female Sterility? Schweiz. med. Wchnschr. 73! 147-149, 1943. During the last 5 years the author employed salpingography in 80 cases of sterility. In this group there were 55 instances of primary sterility and 25 cases of secondary sterility. The causes of sterility were as follows: unilateral tubal closure 31.2 per cent, bilateral tubal closure 32.5 per cent, uterine h;rpoplasia 12.5 per cent and uterine malpositions and malformations 7.5 per cent. In 16.3 per cent of the cases no cause could be found.
580
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND G'I:"NECOLOGY
Ten women (12.5 per cent) became pregnant within tlie first six months aftet• the salpingography was done. J. P. GREENHILL.
Palazzo, 0. R.: A New Hysterogra.phic
M~thod,
Arch. Clin. Obstet. y. giuee. 1:
460-466, 1942. Palazzo recommends a new method for securing hysterograms. He uses a cannula at the end of which is a small balloon. After insertion into the uterus the balloon is distended with lipiodol so that after complete distention, the entire outline of the uterine cavity may be readily outlined on an x-ray picture. In this way no lipiodol escapes into the tubes or into the peritoneum. Furthermore, the author considers it beneficial that none of the lipiodol is wasted. J. P. GREENHILL.
Anatomy, Anomalies, etc. Hirsch, Edwin F., and Ma.rtin, Mary E.: The Distribution of Nerves in the Adult Human Myometrium, Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 76: 697, 1943. The distribution of nerves in the myometrium was studied in normal nulliparous human uteri by cutting serial sections and staining with selective stains. The nerves of the inner portion of the myometrium extend through the muscle and connect with the radial arteries. Large nerve trunks also enter the endometrium. These contain both myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers. Sensory and organs similar to pacinian corpuscles were found in the crevices of the muscle tissues, and more particularly in the adventitia of branches of the uterine artery. L. M.
HELLMAN.
Gray, Jessie: SucceBSful Removal of a Sacral Parasitic Fetus, Canad. M. A. J. 47: 520, 1942.
A newborn infant with a sacrococcygeal ta~;atoma is described. The incidence of this complication is estimated to be between one in 20,000 to 55,000 births. A prenatal x-ray was obtained because it was thought that two fetal heads were palpable. CARL P. HUBER.
Abortion Dingle, Phillis:
'l'wo Cases of RenaJ. Failure Following Abortion, J. of Obst. & Gynaec. Brit. Emp. 50: 246, 1913.
The author describes two cases of oliguria following abortion. One case had a severe pre-eclamptic toxemia, in whom the added trauma of induced delivery brought about shock and kidney dysfunction. The second case was that of a patient who fell, and probably had a traumatic accidental hemorrhage, which produced hematuria, shock and oliguria with azotemia. A recent survey of the literature lends weight to the fact that the etiology may be due to a damaged pl~tcenta.
WILLIAM BERMAN.
Paine, Alonzo K.:
Progesterone in the Trea.tment of Threatened Abortion: A
Review, Bull. New England M. Center 33: 39, 1943. In a brief but timely artiele on th'! use of Progesterone in the treatment o.f t4r~atenl;ld
ftbortion 1 Dr. I>aine calls attention to the extremely shaky evidence
ABSTRACTS
Ovarian dysfunction cannot be overcome by ovarian hormone therapy. But thr: author believes that a very satisfactory form of treatment is homotransplantation of an ovary. Such a transplant can act as a stimulant to a woman's defective ovaries and produce maturation of follicles. The author observed two pregnanciel'l following homoplastic ovarian transplants in cases of hypofunction of the ovaries without apparent lesions. A second form of treatment which may be satisfactory is the use of pituitary hormone. However, the urinary gonadotropins are not effective but the. gonadotropic hormones derived from serum can produce maturation of follicles in women. At present since such gonadotropic hormones cannot be obtained, the author is resorting to blood of pregnant women because it contains a large amount of proJan A and B. .T. P. GREENHILL. Reist, A.: The Therapeutic Signi1lcance of Tubal Patency Tests, Sehweiz. med. Wclmschr. 77: 206-208, 1943. During the last 16 years Reist performed Rubin tests on 381 women and found the tubes closed in 127 or 33.5 per cent. Among the 254 women who had patent tubes, 75 or 29.5 per cent became pregnant. Of this group 69 women gave birth to living children, 4 had miscarriages and 2 had extrauterine pregnancies. In 13 per cent of the 254 cases, pregnancy immediately followed the tubal patency test. Hence the Rubin test is not only a diagnostic procedure but also a therapeutic one. There is no unity of opinion concerning why the Rubin test leads to pregnancy in so many cases of sterility. The reasons advanced are: (1) The test produces an increased activity of the tubes; (2) Mild adhesions are broken down; and (3) Reist believes that the test in some eases produces an additional ovulation in the premenstrual period; (4) Rubin tests help ascent of spermatozoa. The author is in favor of performing repeated tubal patency tests at intervals of 2 or 3 months. His maximum for one patient is 12 tests.
J.P.
GREENHU,L.
De Moraes, A., and Rosado J.: Hysterosalpingography in the Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy, Obst. y ginec. Latino-Amerieanas 1: 19-32, 1943. The authors employed hysterosalpingography in cases of ectopic pregnancy at the .A. de Moraes Maternity Hospital (Rio de Janerio). In all the eases operation confirmed the diagnosis. The authors emphasize that the injection of oil is unnecessary in the cases of ectopic gestation complicated by rupture and internal hemorrhage but this aid is of great value in doubtful eases. Hysterosalpingography is of greatest diagnostic value in the cases of unruptured tubal pregnancy. This method in the opinion of the authors is harmless and less dangerous than pelvic puncture, biopsy of the endometrium, pneumonoscopy or pneumoroentgenography. The procedure is particularly useful in differentiating between a uterine angular pregnancy and an ectopic pregnancy. J. P. GREENHILL. Scherer, B.: What Does SaJ.pingography Accomplish in tile Recognition of and Treatment of Female Sterility? Schweiz. med. Wchnschr. 73! 147-149, 1943. During the last 5 years the author employed salpingography in 80 cases of sterility. In this group there were 55 instances of primary sterility and 25 cases of secondary sterility. The causes of sterility were as follows: unilateral tubal closure 31.2 per cent, bilateral tubal closure 32.5 per cent, uterine h;rpoplasia 12.5 per cent and uterine malpositions and malformations 7.5 per cent. In 16.3 per cent of the cases no cause could be found.
580
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND G'I:"NECOLOGY
Ten women (12.5 per cent) became pregnant within tlie first six months aftet• the salpingography was done. J. P. GREENHILL.
Palazzo, 0. R.: A New Hysterogra.phic
M~thod,
Arch. Clin. Obstet. y. giuee. 1:
460-466, 1942. Palazzo recommends a new method for securing hysterograms. He uses a cannula at the end of which is a small balloon. After insertion into the uterus the balloon is distended with lipiodol so that after complete distention, the entire outline of the uterine cavity may be readily outlined on an x-ray picture. In this way no lipiodol escapes into the tubes or into the peritoneum. Furthermore, the author considers it beneficial that none of the lipiodol is wasted. J. P. GREENHILL.
Anatomy, Anomalies, etc. Hirsch, Edwin F., and Ma.rtin, Mary E.: The Distribution of Nerves in the Adult Human Myometrium, Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 76: 697, 1943. The distribution of nerves in the myometrium was studied in normal nulliparous human uteri by cutting serial sections and staining with selective stains. The nerves of the inner portion of the myometrium extend through the muscle and connect with the radial arteries. Large nerve trunks also enter the endometrium. These contain both myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers. Sensory and organs similar to pacinian corpuscles were found in the crevices of the muscle tissues, and more particularly in the adventitia of branches of the uterine artery. L. M.
HELLMAN.
Gray, Jessie: SucceBSful Removal of a Sacral Parasitic Fetus, Canad. M. A. J. 47: 520, 1942.
A newborn infant with a sacrococcygeal ta~;atoma is described. The incidence of this complication is estimated to be between one in 20,000 to 55,000 births. A prenatal x-ray was obtained because it was thought that two fetal heads were palpable. CARL P. HUBER.
Abortion Dingle, Phillis:
'l'wo Cases of RenaJ. Failure Following Abortion, J. of Obst. & Gynaec. Brit. Emp. 50: 246, 1913.
The author describes two cases of oliguria following abortion. One case had a severe pre-eclamptic toxemia, in whom the added trauma of induced delivery brought about shock and kidney dysfunction. The second case was that of a patient who fell, and probably had a traumatic accidental hemorrhage, which produced hematuria, shock and oliguria with azotemia. A recent survey of the literature lends weight to the fact that the etiology may be due to a damaged pl~tcenta.
WILLIAM BERMAN.
Paine, Alonzo K.:
Progesterone in the Trea.tment of Threatened Abortion: A
Review, Bull. New England M. Center 33: 39, 1943. In a brief but timely artiele on th'! use of Progesterone in the treatment o.f t4r~atenl;ld
ftbortion 1 Dr. I>aine calls attention to the extremely shaky evidence