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Seasonal climate summary Southern Hemisphere (autumn 1989): a second peak in the Southern Oscillation Index
1092
B. M a fine Meteorology
simulation tests, temperature analysis increments are found to be small. Also, the differences in the wind analyses due to differences in the temperature background field are small. However, if stability effects are not accounted for, there will be small systematic errors in the wind analysis. Atmos. and Environ. Res., Inc., 840 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, M A 02139, USA. 90:6955
Schluessel, Peter and W.J. Emery, 1990. Atmospheric water vapour over oceans from S S M / I measurements. Int. J. Remote Sens. I1(5):753-766. Radiation from the F.arth-atmosphere system is strongly modified by the varying atmospheric water-vapour content. The sensor system is studied theoretically by calculating the radiative transfer for a non-scattering atmosphere in the appropriate spectral channels for a large set of atmospheric/oceanic situations. Subsequently, statistical retrieval coefficients are derived via a regression analysis of the synthetic measurements. Approaches using one to three spectral channels enable us to derive water vapour amounts in vertical columns with accuracies from 0.145 to 0.17 g/cm 2. Meteorol. Inst., Univ. Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG.
B40. Area studies, surveys, weather 90:6956
Krishnamurti, T.N., II.S. Bedi and M. Subramaniam, 1990. The summer monsoon of 1988. Met. atmos. Phys, 42(1):!9-37. Dept. of Meteorol., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
Bl10.
OLR (1990) 37 (I 2)
respective patterns of the 1987 warm episode autumn. Australia received extensive record rains in autumn and rain in northern Argentina and Uruguay terminated an abnormal dry spell in that region. Natl. Climate Ctr., Bur. of Meteorol., Melbourne, Australia. 90:6958
Gaffney, D., 1990. Seasonal climate summary Southera llemispbere (winter 1989): the Southern Oscillation Index falls to near average. Aust. met. Mag, 38(2):81-86. In winter 1989 the SOl and other main climatic indices tended toward average levels from the anomalous values of the previous cold episode winter (1988). The eastward displacement of a middle to high latitude planetary three-wave pattern in winter 1989, as compared to winter 1988 (cold episode), was a notable feature. In conjunction with this, a westward shift occurred in main Pacific blocking activity in winter 1989 in comparison with winter 1988. Natl. Climate Ctr., Bur. of Meteorol., Melbourne, Australia. 90:6959
Mikolajewicz, Uwe, B.D. Santer and Ernst MaierReimer, 1990. Ocean-response to greenhouse warming. Nature, Lond, 345(6276):589-593. Changes in surface air temperature resulting from a doubling in atmospheric CO, drive changes in ocean circulation. Results from an ocean general circulation model project a global mean sea level rise from thermal expansion alone to be 19 cm in 50 years. Regional values, however, can vary: a rise of 40 cm is projected in the North Atlantic, whereas the level of the Ross Sea actually falls through changes in ocean circulation. Max Planck Inst. fur Meteorol., Bundesstr. 55, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG. 90:6960
Climate, climatology
Noda, Akira and Tatsushi Tokioka, 1989. The effect 90:6957
Gaffney, D., 1990. Seasonal climate summary Southera llemisphere (autumn 1989): a second peak in the Southern Oscillation Index. Aust. met. Mag. 38(2):73-79. After rising to a peak in early summer 1988-89 the SOl peaked again in autumn. Although SST indices in the eastern equatorial Pacific continued to rise toward normal levels, some other climate indices were maintaining values characteristic of a cold episode. Temperatures remained above normal along mid-latitudes with significant warming southward from Australia. High latitude patterns of this cold episode autumn were in significant contrast to
of doubling the CO, concentration on convective and non-convective precipitation in a general
circulation model coupled with a simple mixed layer ocean model. J. met. Soc. Japan, 67(6): 1057-1069. Meteorol. Res. Inst., l-I, Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. 90:6961
Reading, A.J., 1990. Caribbean tropical storm activity over the past four centuries. Int. J. Climatol, 10(4):365-376. This paper presents the results of an anaiysis of a chronology of cyclone activity stretching back over the past four centuries for the entire West Indies
B. M a fine Meteorology
simulation tests, temperature analysis increments are found to be small. Also, the differences in the wind analyses due to differences in the temperature background field are small. However, if stability effects are not accounted for, there will be small systematic errors in the wind analysis. Atmos. and Environ. Res., Inc., 840 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, M A 02139, USA. 90:6955
Schluessel, Peter and W.J. Emery, 1990. Atmospheric water vapour over oceans from S S M / I measurements. Int. J. Remote Sens. I1(5):753-766. Radiation from the F.arth-atmosphere system is strongly modified by the varying atmospheric water-vapour content. The sensor system is studied theoretically by calculating the radiative transfer for a non-scattering atmosphere in the appropriate spectral channels for a large set of atmospheric/oceanic situations. Subsequently, statistical retrieval coefficients are derived via a regression analysis of the synthetic measurements. Approaches using one to three spectral channels enable us to derive water vapour amounts in vertical columns with accuracies from 0.145 to 0.17 g/cm 2. Meteorol. Inst., Univ. Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG.
B40. Area studies, surveys, weather 90:6956
Krishnamurti, T.N., II.S. Bedi and M. Subramaniam, 1990. The summer monsoon of 1988. Met. atmos. Phys, 42(1):!9-37. Dept. of Meteorol., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
Bl10.
OLR (1990) 37 (I 2)
respective patterns of the 1987 warm episode autumn. Australia received extensive record rains in autumn and rain in northern Argentina and Uruguay terminated an abnormal dry spell in that region. Natl. Climate Ctr., Bur. of Meteorol., Melbourne, Australia. 90:6958
Gaffney, D., 1990. Seasonal climate summary Southera llemispbere (winter 1989): the Southern Oscillation Index falls to near average. Aust. met. Mag, 38(2):81-86. In winter 1989 the SOl and other main climatic indices tended toward average levels from the anomalous values of the previous cold episode winter (1988). The eastward displacement of a middle to high latitude planetary three-wave pattern in winter 1989, as compared to winter 1988 (cold episode), was a notable feature. In conjunction with this, a westward shift occurred in main Pacific blocking activity in winter 1989 in comparison with winter 1988. Natl. Climate Ctr., Bur. of Meteorol., Melbourne, Australia. 90:6959
Mikolajewicz, Uwe, B.D. Santer and Ernst MaierReimer, 1990. Ocean-response to greenhouse warming. Nature, Lond, 345(6276):589-593. Changes in surface air temperature resulting from a doubling in atmospheric CO, drive changes in ocean circulation. Results from an ocean general circulation model project a global mean sea level rise from thermal expansion alone to be 19 cm in 50 years. Regional values, however, can vary: a rise of 40 cm is projected in the North Atlantic, whereas the level of the Ross Sea actually falls through changes in ocean circulation. Max Planck Inst. fur Meteorol., Bundesstr. 55, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG. 90:6960
Climate, climatology
Noda, Akira and Tatsushi Tokioka, 1989. The effect 90:6957
Gaffney, D., 1990. Seasonal climate summary Southera llemisphere (autumn 1989): a second peak in the Southern Oscillation Index. Aust. met. Mag. 38(2):73-79. After rising to a peak in early summer 1988-89 the SOl peaked again in autumn. Although SST indices in the eastern equatorial Pacific continued to rise toward normal levels, some other climate indices were maintaining values characteristic of a cold episode. Temperatures remained above normal along mid-latitudes with significant warming southward from Australia. High latitude patterns of this cold episode autumn were in significant contrast to
of doubling the CO, concentration on convective and non-convective precipitation in a general
circulation model coupled with a simple mixed layer ocean model. J. met. Soc. Japan, 67(6): 1057-1069. Meteorol. Res. Inst., l-I, Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. 90:6961
Reading, A.J., 1990. Caribbean tropical storm activity over the past four centuries. Int. J. Climatol, 10(4):365-376. This paper presents the results of an anaiysis of a chronology of cyclone activity stretching back over the past four centuries for the entire West Indies