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Security and destruction of technical systems
18th IFAC Conference on Technology, Culture and International 18th IFAC 18th IFAC Conference Conference on on Technology, Technology, Culture Culture and and International International Stability Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Stability Stability 18th IFAC Conference Sept on Technology, Baku, Azerbaidschan, 13-15, 2018Culture and International 18th IFAC Conference on Technology, Culture and International Baku, Azerbaidschan, Sept Sept 13-15, 13-15, 2018 2018 Baku, Azerbaidschan, Stability Stability 18th IFAC Conference on Technology, Culture and International Baku, Azerbaidschan, Sept 13-15, 2018 Baku, Azerbaidschan, Sept 13-15, 2018 Stability Baku, Azerbaidschan, Sept 13-15, 2018 IFAC PapersOnLine 51-30 (2018) 808–811
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Security Security and and destruction destruction of of technical technical systems systems Security and destruction of technical systems Security and destruction of technical systems Varlamov A. A*, Rimshin V. I**, Varlamov A. A*, Rimshin V. I**, Varlamov A. A*, Rimshin V. I**, Security and destruction of technical systems Tverskoi S. Y***
Tverskoi S. Varlamov A. Tverskoi S. Y*** Y*** V. Varlamov A. A*, A*, Rimshin Rimshin V. I**, I**, Tverskoi S. Y*** * Varlamov A. A*, Rimshin V. I**, G. I. Nosov, Tverskoi S. Y*** Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University * *Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University G. I. Nosov, Tverskoi S. Y*** Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical [email protected]) G. I. Nosov, Magnitogorsk, Russia (Tel: 932-3008914e-mail: * Magnitogorsk, Russia (Tel: (Tel: 932-3008914e-mail: [email protected]) ** *Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University G. Nosov, Magnitogorsk, Russia 932-3008914e-mail: [email protected]) Institute Building University Physics (NIISF Nosov Magnitogorsk Stateof Technical G. I. I. RAASN), Nosov, ** **Scientific-research Scientific-research Institute of Building Physics (NIISF RAASN), * Magnitogorsk, Russia (Tel: 932-3008914e-mail: [email protected]) Scientific-research Institute of Building Physics (NIISF RAASN), Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University G. I. Nosov, Moscow, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) Magnitogorsk, Russia (Tel: 932-3008914e-mail: [email protected]) ** Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) *** Moscow, **Scientific-research Institute of Physics RAASN), Moscow, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) Magnitogorsk, Russia (Tel:"Magnitogorskgrazhdanproekt", 932-3008914e-mail: [email protected]) Institute Scientific-research Institute of Building Building Physics (NIISF (NIISF RAASN), ***Design *** Design Institute "Magnitogorskgrazhdanproekt", ** Moscow, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) Design Institute "Magnitogorskgrazhdanproekt", Scientific-research Institute of(e-mail: Building Physics (NIISF RAASN), Magnitogorsk, Russia [email protected]) Moscow, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) *** Magnitogorsk, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) *** Design Institute "Magnitogorskgrazhdanproekt", Magnitogorsk, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) Moscow, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) Design Institute "Magnitogorskgrazhdanproekt", *** Magnitogorsk, Russia (e-mail: Design Institute "Magnitogorskgrazhdanproekt", Magnitogorsk, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) [email protected]) Abstract: The questions of destruction of technical systems. Theory of destruction describes gradual the deAbstract: The questions of destruction of technical Theory of describes gradual deMagnitogorsk, Russia systems. (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: The questions of destruction of technical systems. Theory of destruction destruction describes gradual the theThe deterioration of the system in time. The article describes the main provisions of the theory of destruction. terioration of the system in time. The article describes the main provisions of the theory of destruction. The Abstract: The questions of destruction of technical systems. Theory of destruction describes gradual the deterioration of the system in time. The article describes the main provisions of the theory of destruction. The theory is built the energy approach. of Shows the interaction of energy of the system and thegradual energythe of dethe Abstract: The on questions of destruction technical systems. Theory of destruction describes theory is built on the approach. Shows the interaction of energy of system andofthe energy of the terioration of system in The article describes the main of the theory destruction. theory built on the energy energy approach. Shows the interaction of provisions energy of the the system the energy ofThe the Abstract: The questions of time. destruction of technical systems. Theory destruction describes gradual the deexternalisenvironment. Assumptions made about the ofofevery to and itsofform of energy. It terioration of the the system in time. Theare article describes theexistence main provisions ofsystem the theory destruction. The external environment. Assumptions areShows made about the existence of every system to its form of It theory is built on the energy approach. the interaction of energy of the system and the energy the external Assumptions made about every toand itsof form of energy. energy. It terioration of the inoftime. Theare article describes the main ofsystem the theory destruction. The considers different forms distribution of energy ofthe anexistence system inoftime. analyzed theof theory isenvironment. built on system the energy approach. Shows the interaction of provisions energy of Proposed the system and the energy ofmost the considers different forms of distribution of of anexistence system in time. Proposed and analyzed the external environment. Assumptions are made about of every system to its form of It considers different forms ofdistribution. distribution of energy energy ofthe system in Proposed theofmost most theory is built the energy approach. the interaction of energy the system and energy the simple forms ofonthe energy Different forms energy lead toofone the form ofthedistribution enexternal environment. Assumptions areShows made about theanof existence oftime. every system toand its analyzed form of energy. energy. It simple forms of the energy distribution. Different forms of energy lead to one the form of distribution enconsiders different forms of distribution of energy of an system in time. Proposed and analyzed the most simple forms of the energy distribution. Different forms of energy lead to one the form of distribution enexternal environment. Assumptions made aboutofthe existence everyProposed system toand its analyzed form of energy. It ergy potential in time. Using the laware of conservation ofanenergy, the calculated dependence. The considers different forms of distribution of energy systemconstructed inoftime. the most ergy potential in time. Using the conservation of of energy, constructed the calculated dependence. The simple forms of energy Different forms energy lead to the form of distribution energy potential time. Using the law law of of conservation energy, the calculated The considers different forms ofdistribution. distribution ofthe energy ofofan system in time. Proposed and analyzed thebemost results of the calculations demonstrate that potential time doesconstructed not depend on energy. Theory can apsimple forms ofinthe the energy distribution. Different forms of energy lead to one one the form ofdependence. distribution enresults of the calculations demonstrate that the time does not dependthe on energy. Theory can apergy potential time. Using the conservation of energy, calculated results theany calculations demonstrate that the potential potential doesconstructed not on energy. can be beThe apsimple forms ofin the energy distribution. Different forms of energy leaddepend to onethe the form Theory ofdependence. distribution enplied toof the ergy potential insystem. time. Using the law law of of conservation of time energy, constructed calculated dependence. The plied to the any system. results of the calculations demonstrate that the potential time does not depend on energy. Theory can be applied to the any system. ergy potential in time. Using the law of conservation of energy, constructed the calculated dependence. The results of theTechnical calculations demonstrate that of thethe potential time does not depend on energy. Theoryofcan apKeywords: system, destruction systems, energy ofbythe destruction, potential thebetime, © 2018, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting Elsevier Ltd. Allpotential rights reserved. plied toofthe any system. Keywords: system, destruction of systems, energy of destruction, of the results theTechnical calculations demonstrate that thethe potential time does not depend on energy. Theory apKeywords: Technical system, destruction of the systems, energy of the the destruction, potential ofcan thebetime, time, plied the any system. modeltosystems, interaction of the systems model systems, interaction of the systems plied to the any system. Keywords: Technical system, destruction of the systems, energy of the destruction, potential of the time, model systems, interaction of the systems Keywords: Technical system, destruction of the systems, energy of the destruction, potential of the time, model systems, systems, interaction of the the systems of the systems, energy of the destruction, potential of the time, Keywords: Technical system, destruction model interaction of systems of the material system, that is uniquely determined by the same model systems, interaction of the systems of the the material material system, system, that is is uniquely uniquely determined determined by by the the same same of parameters that define that the state material system. in a circular parameters thatsystem, define that the state state material system. in in athe circular of the material is uniquely determined by same parameters that define the material system. a circular process energysystem, remainsthat constant, that determined is, its change is same zero. of the material is uniquely by the 1. INTRODUCTION process energy energy remainstheconstant, constant, that is, is,system. its change change is zero. 1. parameters that define state material in circular process remains that its is zero. 1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION of the material system, is that uniquely determined byaathe same However, this not that mean the individual components of parameters thatdoes define the state material system. in circular However, this does not mean that the individual components of We are seeing, that charts the development different of the sysprocess remains constant, that is, its change zero. However, this mean that the individual components of 1. parameters thatdoes define the state material in a is circular the total energy energy for not a circular process remain The process energy remains constant, that is,system. its unchanged. change is zero. We are seeing, that charts the development different of the sys1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION We are seeing, that charts the development different of the systhe total energy for a circular process remain unchanged. The tems have the same form: diagram of materials and structures, However, this does mean that the individual components of the energy for not a remains circular process remain The process remains constant, that is,Such its unchanged. change is zero. 1. INTRODUCTION sumtotal of energy all constant. information is However, thisenergies does not mean that the individual components of tems have the same form: diagram of and structures, We seeing, that development different the systemsare have the same form: diagram of materials materials and of structures, sumtotal of all all energies remains constant. Suchunchanged. informationThe is charts the development ofthe the organizations, societies. We are seeing, that charts charts the development different of theSuch sys- However, the energy for a circular process remain sum of energies remains constant. Such information is this does not mean that the individual components of known, for example from Frish and Timoreva (1962). the total energy for a circular process remain unchanged. The charts the development of the organizations, societies. Such tems have the same form: diagram of materials and structures, charts the development of the organizations, societies. Such known, for example from Frish and and Timoreva (1962). We are seeing, that charts the development different the sys- sum examples can found in Karpenko and Mukhamediev (1988); tems have the be same form: diagram of materials and of structures, of all energies remains constant. Such information is known, for example from Frish Timoreva (1962). the energy for a remains circular process remain sumtotal of all energies constant. Suchunchanged. informationThe is examples can be found in Karpenko and Mukhamediev (1988); charts the development of the societies. Such examples be found in and Mukhamediev (1988); tems have the same form: diagram of materials andthe structures, In orderfor to example assess destruction of the systems(1962). is necessary to Alexandrovsky (2001); Kapitza (2008). Although internal charts thecan development ofKarpenko the organizations, organizations, societies. Such known, from Frish and Timoreva sum of all energies remains constant. Such information is In order to assess destruction of the systems is necessary to known, for example from Frish and Timoreva (1962). Alexandrovsky (2001); Kapitza (2008). Although the internal In order the to assess of the systems to examples can be found and (1988); Alexandrovsky Kapitza (2008). Although the internal charts theand development ofKarpenko the organizations, Such consider processdestruction in time. The system itselfisisnecessary represented structure energy, thein driving forces these societies. systems are to- known, examples can be(2001); found in Karpenko andofMukhamediev Mukhamediev (1988); for example from Frish and Timoreva (1962). consider the process in time. The system itself is represented structure and energy, the driving forces of these systems are toorder to destruction of systems is to consider the process in time.connected The system itself represented Alexandrovsky (2001); Kapitza (2008). Although internal structure and thein driving forces ofMukhamediev these systems arethey to- In examples can energy, be found Karpenko andof (1988); by a collection of particles, into a single system and In order to assess assess destruction of the the systems isisnecessary necessary to tally different. They have the moment "birth" andthe Alexandrovsky (2001); Kapitza (2008). Although the"all" internal by aa collection collection of particles, particles, connected into itself a single single system and and tally different. They have the moment of "birth" and "all" they consider the process in time. The system is represented by of connected into a system structure and energy, the driving forces of these systems are totally different. They have the moment of "birth" and "all" they In order to assess destruction of the systems is necessary to Alexandrovsky (2001); Kapitza (2008). Although the internal the binding energy of this system equal to the difference behave a life "all" forces they die. Thesystems generalization the process in time. The system itself is represented structure andexpectancy energy, theand driving of these are to- consider the abinding binding energy of this this system system equal toa the the difference behave aa life expectancy and "all" they die. The generalization by collection of particles, connected into single system and the energy of equal to difference betally different. They have the moment of "birth" and "all" they have life expectancy and "all" they die. The generalization consider the process in time. The system itself is represented structure and energy, the driving forces of these systems are totween the total energy of the particles in a free state (i.e. when by a collection of particles, connected into a single system and "all" is certainly not have confirmed completely. Although tally different. They have the moment of "birth" and "all" they tween the total energy of the particles in a free state (i.e. when "all" certainly not have confirmed completely. Although the binding energy of this equal difference between the total energy of particles in ato (i.e. when have aais expectancy and "all" they The "all" is life certainly nothave confirmed completely. Although aparticles collection particles, connected into a the single system and tally They moment of "birth" and doof not interact) and the energy of state the considered the binding energy of thisthesystem system equal tofree the difference besupposition "death" of have our universe is die. projected. Here"all" is anthey at- by have different. life expectancy andthe "all" they die. The generalization generalization the particles particles doenergy not interact) interact) and the the energy energy of state the considered considered supposition "death" of our universe is projected. Here is an attween the total of the particles in a free (i.e. when the do not and of the "all" is certainly not have confirmed completely. Although supposition "death" of our universe is projected. Here is an atthe binding energy of of this equal thestate difference behave aistolife expectancy andhow "all" theyhappens. die. The generalization of the same particles. This system considered tween thesystem total energy thesystem particles in atofree (i.e. when tempt explain why this The question of coupled "all" certainly not and have confirmed completely. Although coupled system of the the same particles. particles. This system system considered tempt to explain why and how this ishappens. TheHere question of the particles do not interact) and energy of the coupled of same This supposition "death" our universe projected. is tempt explain why how question of in tween thesystem total of the particles in a free (i.e. when "all" isto certainly notof have confirmed completely. Although work Paducov and Malarov (1985) thethe particles doenergy not interact) and the the energy of state the considered considered the longevity or durability thethis systems has The social, technical supposition "death" ofand our of universe ishappens. projected. Here is an an atatin the work work Paducov andsame Malarov (1985) the or durability of the systems has social, technical system of particles. This system system considered in Paducov and Malarov (1985) tempt to why how The question of the longevity longevity oraspects durability thethis systems has separately. social, technical thethe particles do not interact) and the energy of the considered supposition "death" our of universe ishappens. projected. Here is an atcoupled system of the the same particles. This and economic and must be discussed Such tempt to explain explain whyofand how this happens. The question of coupled and economic aspects and must be discussed separately. Such in the work Paducov and Malarov (1985) 3. DESTRUCTION OF TECHNICAL SISTEMS the longevity or durability of the systems has social, technical and economic aspects and must be discussed separately. Such coupled of the This system considered tempt to why in andIl'of how happens. The question of in issues areexplain considered ichev (2003); Tamrazyan (2014); the work Paducov andsame Malarov (1985) the longevity or durability thethis systems has social, technical 3.system DESTRUCTION OFparticles. TECHNICAL SISTEMS 3. DESTRUCTION OF TECHNICAL SISTEMS issues are considered in Il'must ichev (2003); Tamrazyan (2014); and economic and be discussed separately. Such issues are (2014); considered in ichev (2003); Tamrazyan (2014); in the work Paducov and Malarov (1985) the longevity oraspects durability theand systems has social, technical Varlamov Erofeev, Al, Mishunyaeva (2016).The and economic aspects andIl'of must be discussed separately. Such Consider 3. DESTRUCTION DESTRUCTION OF TECHNICAL SISTEMS the interaction of OF twoTECHNICAL systems: for example, the samVarlamov (2014); Erofeev, Al, and Mishunyaeva (2016).The issues are considered in ichev Tamrazyan (2014); Varlamov (2014); Erofeev, Al, and Mishunyaeva 3. SISTEMS Consider the interaction interaction of of two two systems: systems: for for example, example, the samsamand economic aspects andIl' be(2003); discussed separately. Such Consider theory of destruction allows to model behavior of (2016).The an systems issues are considered in Il'must ichev (2003); Tamrazyan (2014); the the ple and press, what to be for transfer on the sample external theory of destruction allows to model behavior of an systems 3. DESTRUCTION OF TECHNICAL SISTEMS Varlamov (2014); Erofeev, Al, and Mishunyaeva (2016).The theory of destruction allows to model behavior of an systems ple and press, what to be for transfer on the sample external issues are considered in Il' ichev (2003); Tamrazyan (2014); and also to use of hers in the analysis of their behavior in Consider theenergy. interaction of two two systems: for example, the sample and press, whatThe to external be for transfer the sample external Varlamov (2014); Erofeev, Al, and Mishunyaeva (2016).The Consider destructive energy on Afor aimed at thethe destructhe interaction of systems: example, samand to use of hers in the analysis of their behavior in theory of allows to behavior of an and also also to usethe ofErofeev, hers inAl, themodel analysis their behavior in ple destructive energy. The external energy on A aimed aimed at the the external destrucVarlamov (2014); and Mishunyaeva (2016).The time. Some of issues discussed in theofworks and press, what to external be for transfer the sample theory of destruction destruction allows to model behavior ofBondarenko an systems systems destructive energy. The energy A at destrucConsider the interaction of two systems: for example, the samtion of the binding energy U of the particles in the sample. ple and press, what to be for transfer on the sample external time. Some of the issues discussed in the works Bondarenko and also to use of hers in the analysis their behavior in time. Some discussed in behavior theof tion of of the binding binding energy U of of the the particles in the theatsample. sample. theory of destruction allows ofBondarenko anVarlamov systems (2002); Kolchunov, Yakovenko, and Klyuev (2013); destructive energy. The external energy A aimed aimed the external destrucand also to of usethe of issues hers in to themodel analysis ofworks their behavior in ple tion energy particles in andthe press, what to external beUfor transfer on the sample destructive energy. The energy A at the destruc(2002); Kolchunov, Yakovenko, and Klyuev (2013); Varlamov time. Some of the issues discussed in the works Bondarenko (2002); Kolchunov, Yakovenko, and Klyuev (2013); Varlamov Writeof the condition of destruction energy inofthe thesample. systems in and also to of usethe of issues hers discussed in the analysis their Bondarenko behavior in destructive (2016). tion the binding energy U of the particles time. Some in theofworks energy. energy The energy A aimed atsample. the destrucWriteof the the condition of external destruction energy the systems in tion the binding U of the particles inofthe (2016). Write condition in (2002); Kolchunov, Yakovenko, and (2013); Varlamov (2016).Some time: dА/dt ≥ dU/dt of- destruction i.e. in each energy momentofof the timesystems the extertime. of the issues discussed in the works Bondarenko (2002); Kolchunov, Yakovenko, and Klyuev Klyuev (2013); Varlamov tion of the binding energy U of the particles in the sample. time: dА/dt ≥ dU/dt i.e. in each moment of time the exterWrite the condition condition of- destruction destruction energy ofofinternal the systems in time:energy, dА/dt ≥ dU/dt (power) i.e. inmust eachexceed moment timesystems thebinding exter(2016). 2. SOME STARTING POSITION OFKlyuev THE THEORY OF DEnal pressure the Write the of energy of the in (2002); Kolchunov, Yakovenko, and (2013); Varlamov (2016). 2. STARTING POSITION OF THE OF nal energy, energy, pressure (power) must exceed theofinternal internal binding 2. SOME SOME STARTING POSITION OF THE THEORY THEORY OF DEDEtime: dА/dt ≥ dU/dt i.e. in each moment time the external pressure (power) must exceed the binding STRUCTION THE SISTEMS Write the condition of destruction energy of the systems in energy (power) of the sample. Now suppose there is a graph of time: dА/dt ≥ dU/dt i.e. in each moment of time the exter(2016). STRUCTION THE SISTEMS energy (power) of the the(power) sample.must Nowexceed supposethe there is aa graph graph of 2. POSITION THE STRUCTION THEOF SISTEMS nal energy, pressure internal binding energy (power) of Now suppose there is of 2. SOME SOME STARTING STARTING POSITION OF THE THEORY THEORY OF OF DEDEtime:energy, dА/dt ≥ dU/dt -sample. i.e. inmust eachexceed moment of time the exterpower distribution of (power) the investigated system ininternal time. Consider nal pressure the binding power distribution of the investigated system in time. Consider STRUCTION THE SISTEMS In relativistic mechanics works the law of conservation (inenergy (power) of the sample. Now suppose there is a graph of power distribution of the investigated system in time. Consider 2. SOME STARTING POSITION OF THE THEORY OF DESTRUCTION THE must the internal binding the energy, graph inpressure figure1 the axes of exceed the "acceleration – In mechanics works the law of (inenergy (power) of the(power) sample. Now suppose there is aenergy graph of In relativistic relativistic mechanics works theSISTEMS law of conservation conservation (in- nal the graph graph in figure1 figure1 theinvestigated axes of of the thesystem "acceleration energy cluding rest energy) of energy. Energy is the General quantitapower distribution of the the in time. time. Consider the in the axes "acceleration energy –– STRUCTION THE SISTEMS energy (power) of the sample. Now suppose there is a graph of time""P–t". On the considered graph, the vertical axis is the cluding rest energy) of energy. Energy is the General quantitapower distribution of investigated system in Consider In relativistic mechanics works the law of conservation (including rest energy) of energy. Energy is the General quantitatime""P–t". On the considered graph, the vertical axis is the tive measure of different forms of matter in motion. To quantiIn relativistic mechanics works the law of conservation (in- power 2 axes of the graph in energy figure1 the the "acceleration energy time""P–t". On the considered graph, the axis vertical axis the–– distribution ofP,J/s the in time. Consider the of horizontal - time t.isWill acceleration tive measure of different forms of matter in motion. To quantitheinvestigated thesystem "acceleration energy the graph in figure1 2 cluding rest of Energy is the General tivethe measure of different forms of the matter Toquantitaquanti2;;axes In relativistic mechanics works ofmotion. conservation (in- acceleration the horizontal axis -- time t. Will acceleration energy P,J/s fy qualitatively different forms of law movement to distinguish cluding rest energy) energy) of energy. energy. Energy is in the General quantitatime""P–t". On the considered graph, the vertical axis is the ; the horizontal axis time t. Will energy P,J/s the 2 axes the "acceleration energy the graph in On figure1 take the"P–t". acceleration P asofgraph, some notional value then fy qualitatively different forms of to time"the energy considered the vertical axis is dethe– tive measure of forms of matter To quantify the the qualitatively different forms of movement movement to distinguish distinguish take the acceleration energy P some notional then decluding energy) of energy. Energy is in themotion. General types ofrest energy: mechanical, gravitational, electromagnetic, tive measure of different different forms of matter in motion. Toquantitaquanti- acceleration 2; the horizontal --value time t. take the acceleration energy P as as some notional value then deenergy P,J/s time""P–t". On in thepower considered graph, the axis vertical axis the fines the change unit of time. In the moment of types of energy: mechanical, gravitational, electromagnetic, ; per the horizontal axis time t.isWill Will acceleration energy P,J/s fy the qualitatively different forms of movement to distinguish types of energy: mechanical, gravitational, electromagnetic, fines the theacceleration change in in power power per unit of time. time. In the the moment of tive measure of different forms matter infunction motion. Tothe quantinuclear, thermal, etc. Energy is of a definite state fines 2 per fy the qualitatively different forms of movement to of distinguish take energy P as some notional value then dethe change unit of In moment of ; the horizontal axis time t. Will acceleration energy P,J/s nuclear, thermal, etc. Energy is a definite function of the state take the acceleration energy P as some notional value then detypes of energy: mechanical, gravitational, electromagnetic, nuclear, thermal, etc. Energy is a definite function of the state fy the qualitatively different forms of movement to distinguish fines the change in power per unit of time. In the moment of types of energy: mechanical, gravitational, electromagnetic, take energyper P as some notional value then defines the theacceleration change in power unit of time. In the moment of nuclear, etc. Energy is aa definite function of state types ofthermal, energy: mechanical, 2405-8963 © 2018, IFAC (International Federation ofelectromagnetic, Automatic by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. nuclear, thermal, etc. Energy is gravitational, definite function of the the Control) state 808Hosting fines the change in power per unit of time. In the moment of Copyright © 2018 IFAC Peer review Federation Automatic Copyright © 2018 IFAC nuclear, thermal, etc. is International a definite function ofofthe state 808 Copyright ©under 2018responsibility IFACEnergy of 808Control. 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.11.190 Copyright © 2018 IFAC Copyright © 2018 IFAC
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time to (the beginning of the influence of the external energy that causes the destruction of the system) material system sample is characterized by a set of macro parameters of Q1 and the binding energy of U1. At the moment of time tL (the end of the interaction energies, is taken as the moment of destruction of the system). The difference tL – t0 = L describes the duration of the test. As each system begins to undergo external impact almost immediately after its identification, the time t0 can be called "birth", the point in time tL - "death", and L – lifetime.
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In this case, we propose to take the beginning of the impact of ta as a value determined from the dependence ta = Wel / P m, where Wel is the current value of the elastic power, and the P m module of elasticity of the object in the axes of "W - t". Then the line W = P t in the plane «W - t» separates the working area of the system without ageing from the aging and destruction zone of the object (e.g. plastic deformation, pseudo-plastic deformation). A derivative of this line on the plane «В – t» is a horizontal line that shows that the movement along this line does not affect the "capacity" of an system in time, and it never gets old – not destroyed. If we assume the existence of the elastic region (zone without aging), her it may be possible to describe not only linear dependence.
The point 0 is of the reference point time stamps and can be different from the starting point of interaction. Some of the possible distributions of energy U is marked in figure 1, the positions 1, 2, 3.
4. SOME FEATURES OF THE THEORY OF DESTRUCTION THE SISTEMS Show graphically an example of how the system potential P*, varies depending on the initial distribution of power in time. Consider the various ways of ascending and descending distributions of acceleration energies. Take the period of operation of the system -100. Lower graphics potential P in figure 2 correspond to fall down accelerations of energy in time. Average chart - the horizontal distribution. The upper graphs correspond to the upward accelerations of energy. Built in accordance with these distributions the graphs of the potential energy of the system P* is shown in figure 2. The lower graphs correspond to fall down distributions, schedule 8 – the horizontal distribution. The upper graphs correspond to the ascending energy distribution.
Fig. 1. The possible cases of distribution power facilities in systems in time. The pattern of the distribution of power over time, can somehow different from the one pictured and, in General, change with time. However, if we assume that the external energetic influences, except controlled, is no, the shape of the distribution of power can be considered constant. The form of the power of external influence we can ask. If take the form of the power of external influence on the system in the form of a rectangle P *tх, the condition of fracture energy of each systems in the current time tх ( =0) can be written: (1) (2)
value
to will be the modified acceleration energy of the system at the current point in time tx. Integral determines the power of the facility beyond the current time and into the future , so the value В* predict the behavior of the energy of the sustem in time. In the future, the value P * will be called the "potential energy" to which it corresponds in nature and behavior. The value of P * dt is an elementary power of resistance the energys of the system. Then the distribution of its own power of the studied sample in time from the beginning of exposure t0 to the current time tх will look like: .
Fig. 2. The graphs to change of potential of an system in time. Assume that the function describing the acceleration of energy over time, continuous over a selected period of time and can be approximately described by the Taylor formula. The Taylor formula will take the form of a polynomial:
(3)
According to (3) is considered the time interval from t0 = 0 to tL , provided t0 = 0 < ta < tх < tL . The value of the time tа appears due to the inability tх acceptance set to 0. In this case, the graph W(t) is always positive, and tx seeking ta power seek to 0. However, this raises the question of what the value of ta should be taken. The adoption of a certain constant value, ta creates a lot of questions that have no logical explanation.
.
(4)
The coefficients bi in this formula depend on the value of the argument at the point in which we describe the function and depend on the value the derivative of this function at this point.
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Write the value of the potential in arbitrary units and in accordance with the distribution of acceleration power of the object under the condition tL=1; 0 < tх = x ≤ 1:
.
Consider the case:
The current power of the system in this case is written as:
(5)
Examine graphs of a number: y = -1; -x; -x2; -x3; ... ; -x10; -x20 for 0 < x ≤ L. To result increasing the exponent of the curves of the line graphs are highest to the degree coordinate axes, the influence of members of a number with higher degrees decreased. Consequently, the resulting series is convergent.
+
(6)
5. CONCLUSION To analyze the behavior of the system is proposed to use a set of patterns behavior systems in time. An example of a combined set of diagrams shown in figure 3. It is necessary to add the diagram shown in figure 1.
Consider the graphs of the function in the range: (1/x-1); 1/2 (1/x-x); ... ;1/21 (1/x-x20). The row is obtained from (5) without taking into account the coefficients bi. Potential, P* obtained by summing the curves obtained from such the row with given coefficients bi. Considering the curves see that the row, describing power P* converging. The obtained curves have similar shape. Fall schedule (1/x-1) gradually decreases. In the subsequent diagrams result from is convex the lines with changing curvature. The greatest deviation of the curvature from smooth reduction (protuberance) on the plots along the vertically is 0.025 for the graph x9. The summation curves with the coefficients bi will produce curves similar to figure 3. With possibly wavy appearance. The tangent to the curve cannot have a negative slope, otherwise the possible intersection of the total curve with the axis abscises, that would mean move the point L. The main conclusions from the analysis of the function: 1. The potentials of most of the functions have a similar shape, that is, the behavior of the potentials energy in time for most objects are alike 2. Can to be wave on the curve potentials energy, i.e., the deceleration or acceleration of its reduction. The waves on the curve of potential energy can to be explained as a view of the function of the energy of acceleration or the method of approximation (polynomial). 3. The potential of the acceleration energy (without external influence) is constantly decreasing in time. 4. The increase potential of the acceleration energy in time is possible only due to the influence of external energy. On the chart «Р-t» the modulus of elasticity is determined by the ratio Wel/tel =Eel, respectively, on the chart capacity – sloping line becomes horizontal with coordinate P = Eel, this means that the modulus of elasticity is the energy characteristic of on system.
Fig. 3 The behavior of the system in time a) graph the changes capacity; b) graph of energy change. Each subsequent chart (if you start with figure 1) is the integral function from the previous chart. The diagram, shown in figure 1, shows how the degree of increase of defects in the object, also and the degree of increase of information about the object. The diagram a) in figure 3 can be used to analyze stresses and deflections of a products, development or growth of cracks. Diagrams b) in figure 3 can be used to analyze the extent of destruction of the system in time and valuations for the time and money on repairs (energy recovery) or the duration of operation system.
In the case of rectangular plots of acceleration of energies for the having a permanent potential of the value on the chart to ≥ (γ can write down the value of life expectancy as L = – const, is greater than one), then the relationship of modulus of elasticity with acceleration energy is written as
The whole set of diagrams is used to analyze the durability of the system and estimating its destruction over time. REFERENCES
.
Alexandrovsky, S. V. (2001). Reinforced Concrete in the XXI century: The state and prospects of development of concrete and reinforced concrete in Russia. Gotika, Moscow. Bondarenko, V. M. (2002). Dialectics of mechanics of rein-
In the case of a triangular plot
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forced concrete. Concrete and reinforced concrete, 1, 24– 27. Erofeev, V.T., Al, D.S. & Mishunyaeva, O. A. (2016). Ways to improve the durability and reliability of concrete structures. Safety building Fund, 1, 13–19. Frish, S. E. & Timoreva, A. V. (1962). The course of General physics. Vishay shkola, Moscow. Il'ichev, V. A. (2003). Russia and the world: economy of resources in building. Architecture and construction of Moscow, 508-509, 72–80. Kapitza, S. P. (2008) Essay on the theory of growth of mankind. The demographic revolution and information society. Institute of physical problems P. L. Kapitza, Institute for socio economic population problems of RAS, Moscow. Karpenko, N. I. & Mukhamediev, T. A. (1988). Efficient material-concrete construction, NIIZHB, Moscow. Kolchunov, V. I., Yakovenko, N. A. & Klyuev, N. V. (2013) Method physical models for resistance of concrete, Industrial and civil construction, 12, 51–55. Paducov, V. A. & Malarov, I. P. (1985) Fracture mechanics of rocks by explosion. Publishing house Irkut. University press, Irkutsk. Rimshin, V. I. (2005). Durability problems. Beton and reinforced concrete, 2, 25-27. Tamrazyan, A. G. (2014). Concrete and reinforced concrete — glance at future, Vestnik MGSU, 4, 181–189 Varlamov, A. A. (2014). Model the elastic behavior of the concrete. Izvestiya KSASU, 3(29), 19-26. Varlamov, A. A. (2016). On the design of the chart behavior of concrete. Concrete and reinforced concrete, 1, 6–8.
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Security Security and and destruction destruction of of technical technical systems systems Security and destruction of technical systems Security and destruction of technical systems Varlamov A. A*, Rimshin V. I**, Varlamov A. A*, Rimshin V. I**, Varlamov A. A*, Rimshin V. I**, Security and destruction of technical systems Tverskoi S. Y***
Tverskoi S. Varlamov A. Tverskoi S. Y*** Y*** V. Varlamov A. A*, A*, Rimshin Rimshin V. I**, I**, Tverskoi S. Y*** * Varlamov A. A*, Rimshin V. I**, G. I. Nosov, Tverskoi S. Y*** Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University * *Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University G. I. Nosov, Tverskoi S. Y*** Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical [email protected]) G. I. Nosov, Magnitogorsk, Russia (Tel: 932-3008914e-mail: * Magnitogorsk, Russia (Tel: (Tel: 932-3008914e-mail: [email protected]) ** *Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University G. Nosov, Magnitogorsk, Russia 932-3008914e-mail: [email protected]) Institute Building University Physics (NIISF Nosov Magnitogorsk Stateof Technical G. I. I. RAASN), Nosov, ** **Scientific-research Scientific-research Institute of Building Physics (NIISF RAASN), * Magnitogorsk, Russia (Tel: 932-3008914e-mail: [email protected]) Scientific-research Institute of Building Physics (NIISF RAASN), Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University G. I. Nosov, Moscow, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) Magnitogorsk, Russia (Tel: 932-3008914e-mail: [email protected]) ** Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) *** Moscow, **Scientific-research Institute of Physics RAASN), Moscow, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) Magnitogorsk, Russia (Tel:"Magnitogorskgrazhdanproekt", 932-3008914e-mail: [email protected]) Institute Scientific-research Institute of Building Building Physics (NIISF (NIISF RAASN), ***Design *** Design Institute "Magnitogorskgrazhdanproekt", ** Moscow, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) Design Institute "Magnitogorskgrazhdanproekt", Scientific-research Institute of(e-mail: Building Physics (NIISF RAASN), Magnitogorsk, Russia [email protected]) Moscow, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) *** Magnitogorsk, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) *** Design Institute "Magnitogorskgrazhdanproekt", Magnitogorsk, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) Moscow, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) Design Institute "Magnitogorskgrazhdanproekt", *** Magnitogorsk, Russia (e-mail: Design Institute "Magnitogorskgrazhdanproekt", Magnitogorsk, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]) [email protected]) Abstract: The questions of destruction of technical systems. Theory of destruction describes gradual the deAbstract: The questions of destruction of technical Theory of describes gradual deMagnitogorsk, Russia systems. (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: The questions of destruction of technical systems. Theory of destruction destruction describes gradual the theThe deterioration of the system in time. The article describes the main provisions of the theory of destruction. terioration of the system in time. The article describes the main provisions of the theory of destruction. The Abstract: The questions of destruction of technical systems. Theory of destruction describes gradual the deterioration of the system in time. The article describes the main provisions of the theory of destruction. The theory is built the energy approach. of Shows the interaction of energy of the system and thegradual energythe of dethe Abstract: The on questions of destruction technical systems. Theory of destruction describes theory is built on the approach. Shows the interaction of energy of system andofthe energy of the terioration of system in The article describes the main of the theory destruction. theory built on the energy energy approach. Shows the interaction of provisions energy of the the system the energy ofThe the Abstract: The questions of time. destruction of technical systems. Theory destruction describes gradual the deexternalisenvironment. Assumptions made about the ofofevery to and itsofform of energy. It terioration of the the system in time. Theare article describes theexistence main provisions ofsystem the theory destruction. The external environment. Assumptions areShows made about the existence of every system to its form of It theory is built on the energy approach. the interaction of energy of the system and the energy the external Assumptions made about every toand itsof form of energy. energy. It terioration of the inoftime. Theare article describes the main ofsystem the theory destruction. The considers different forms distribution of energy ofthe anexistence system inoftime. analyzed theof theory isenvironment. built on system the energy approach. Shows the interaction of provisions energy of Proposed the system and the energy ofmost the considers different forms of distribution of of anexistence system in time. Proposed and analyzed the external environment. Assumptions are made about of every system to its form of It considers different forms ofdistribution. distribution of energy energy ofthe system in Proposed theofmost most theory is built the energy approach. the interaction of energy the system and energy the simple forms ofonthe energy Different forms energy lead toofone the form ofthedistribution enexternal environment. Assumptions areShows made about theanof existence oftime. every system toand its analyzed form of energy. energy. It simple forms of the energy distribution. Different forms of energy lead to one the form of distribution enconsiders different forms of distribution of energy of an system in time. Proposed and analyzed the most simple forms of the energy distribution. Different forms of energy lead to one the form of distribution enexternal environment. Assumptions made aboutofthe existence everyProposed system toand its analyzed form of energy. It ergy potential in time. Using the laware of conservation ofanenergy, the calculated dependence. The considers different forms of distribution of energy systemconstructed inoftime. the most ergy potential in time. Using the conservation of of energy, constructed the calculated dependence. The simple forms of energy Different forms energy lead to the form of distribution energy potential time. Using the law law of of conservation energy, the calculated The considers different forms ofdistribution. distribution ofthe energy ofofan system in time. Proposed and analyzed thebemost results of the calculations demonstrate that potential time doesconstructed not depend on energy. Theory can apsimple forms ofinthe the energy distribution. Different forms of energy lead to one one the form ofdependence. distribution enresults of the calculations demonstrate that the time does not dependthe on energy. Theory can apergy potential time. Using the conservation of energy, calculated results theany calculations demonstrate that the potential potential doesconstructed not on energy. can be beThe apsimple forms ofin the energy distribution. Different forms of energy leaddepend to onethe the form Theory ofdependence. distribution enplied toof the ergy potential insystem. time. Using the law law of of conservation of time energy, constructed calculated dependence. The plied to the any system. results of the calculations demonstrate that the potential time does not depend on energy. Theory can be applied to the any system. ergy potential in time. Using the law of conservation of energy, constructed the calculated dependence. The results of theTechnical calculations demonstrate that of thethe potential time does not depend on energy. Theoryofcan apKeywords: system, destruction systems, energy ofbythe destruction, potential thebetime, © 2018, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting Elsevier Ltd. Allpotential rights reserved. plied toofthe any system. Keywords: system, destruction of systems, energy of destruction, of the results theTechnical calculations demonstrate that thethe potential time does not depend on energy. Theory apKeywords: Technical system, destruction of the systems, energy of the the destruction, potential ofcan thebetime, time, plied the any system. modeltosystems, interaction of the systems model systems, interaction of the systems plied to the any system. Keywords: Technical system, destruction of the systems, energy of the destruction, potential of the time, model systems, interaction of the systems Keywords: Technical system, destruction of the systems, energy of the destruction, potential of the time, model systems, systems, interaction of the the systems of the systems, energy of the destruction, potential of the time, Keywords: Technical system, destruction model interaction of systems of the material system, that is uniquely determined by the same model systems, interaction of the systems of the the material material system, system, that is is uniquely uniquely determined determined by by the the same same of parameters that define that the state material system. in a circular parameters thatsystem, define that the state state material system. in in athe circular of the material is uniquely determined by same parameters that define the material system. a circular process energysystem, remainsthat constant, that determined is, its change is same zero. of the material is uniquely by the 1. INTRODUCTION process energy energy remainstheconstant, constant, that is, is,system. its change change is zero. 1. parameters that define state material in circular process remains that its is zero. 1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION of the material system, is that uniquely determined byaathe same However, this not that mean the individual components of parameters thatdoes define the state material system. in circular However, this does not mean that the individual components of We are seeing, that charts the development different of the sysprocess remains constant, that is, its change zero. However, this mean that the individual components of 1. parameters thatdoes define the state material in a is circular the total energy energy for not a circular process remain The process energy remains constant, that is,system. its unchanged. change is zero. We are seeing, that charts the development different of the sys1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION We are seeing, that charts the development different of the systhe total energy for a circular process remain unchanged. The tems have the same form: diagram of materials and structures, However, this does mean that the individual components of the energy for not a remains circular process remain The process remains constant, that is,Such its unchanged. change is zero. 1. INTRODUCTION sumtotal of energy all constant. information is However, thisenergies does not mean that the individual components of tems have the same form: diagram of and structures, We seeing, that development different the systemsare have the same form: diagram of materials materials and of structures, sumtotal of all all energies remains constant. Suchunchanged. informationThe is charts the development ofthe the organizations, societies. We are seeing, that charts charts the development different of theSuch sys- However, the energy for a circular process remain sum of energies remains constant. Such information is this does not mean that the individual components of known, for example from Frish and Timoreva (1962). the total energy for a circular process remain unchanged. The charts the development of the organizations, societies. Such tems have the same form: diagram of materials and structures, charts the development of the organizations, societies. Such known, for example from Frish and and Timoreva (1962). We are seeing, that charts the development different the sys- sum examples can found in Karpenko and Mukhamediev (1988); tems have the be same form: diagram of materials and of structures, of all energies remains constant. Such information is known, for example from Frish Timoreva (1962). the energy for a remains circular process remain sumtotal of all energies constant. Suchunchanged. informationThe is examples can be found in Karpenko and Mukhamediev (1988); charts the development of the societies. Such examples be found in and Mukhamediev (1988); tems have the same form: diagram of materials andthe structures, In orderfor to example assess destruction of the systems(1962). is necessary to Alexandrovsky (2001); Kapitza (2008). Although internal charts thecan development ofKarpenko the organizations, organizations, societies. Such known, from Frish and Timoreva sum of all energies remains constant. Such information is In order to assess destruction of the systems is necessary to known, for example from Frish and Timoreva (1962). Alexandrovsky (2001); Kapitza (2008). Although the internal In order the to assess of the systems to examples can be found and (1988); Alexandrovsky Kapitza (2008). Although the internal charts theand development ofKarpenko the organizations, Such consider processdestruction in time. The system itselfisisnecessary represented structure energy, thein driving forces these societies. systems are to- known, examples can be(2001); found in Karpenko andofMukhamediev Mukhamediev (1988); for example from Frish and Timoreva (1962). consider the process in time. The system itself is represented structure and energy, the driving forces of these systems are toorder to destruction of systems is to consider the process in time.connected The system itself represented Alexandrovsky (2001); Kapitza (2008). Although internal structure and thein driving forces ofMukhamediev these systems arethey to- In examples can energy, be found Karpenko andof (1988); by a collection of particles, into a single system and In order to assess assess destruction of the the systems isisnecessary necessary to tally different. They have the moment "birth" andthe Alexandrovsky (2001); Kapitza (2008). Although the"all" internal by aa collection collection of particles, particles, connected into itself a single single system and and tally different. They have the moment of "birth" and "all" they consider the process in time. The system is represented by of connected into a system structure and energy, the driving forces of these systems are totally different. They have the moment of "birth" and "all" they In order to assess destruction of the systems is necessary to Alexandrovsky (2001); Kapitza (2008). Although the internal the binding energy of this system equal to the difference behave a life "all" forces they die. Thesystems generalization the process in time. The system itself is represented structure andexpectancy energy, theand driving of these are to- consider the abinding binding energy of this this system system equal toa the the difference behave aa life expectancy and "all" they die. The generalization by collection of particles, connected into single system and the energy of equal to difference betally different. They have the moment of "birth" and "all" they have life expectancy and "all" they die. The generalization consider the process in time. The system itself is represented structure and energy, the driving forces of these systems are totween the total energy of the particles in a free state (i.e. when by a collection of particles, connected into a single system and "all" is certainly not have confirmed completely. Although tally different. They have the moment of "birth" and "all" they tween the total energy of the particles in a free state (i.e. when "all" certainly not have confirmed completely. Although the binding energy of this equal difference between the total energy of particles in ato (i.e. when have aais expectancy and "all" they The "all" is life certainly nothave confirmed completely. Although aparticles collection particles, connected into a the single system and tally They moment of "birth" and doof not interact) and the energy of state the considered the binding energy of thisthesystem system equal tofree the difference besupposition "death" of have our universe is die. projected. Here"all" is anthey at- by have different. life expectancy andthe "all" they die. The generalization generalization the particles particles doenergy not interact) interact) and the the energy energy of state the considered considered supposition "death" of our universe is projected. Here is an attween the total of the particles in a free (i.e. when the do not and of the "all" is certainly not have confirmed completely. Although supposition "death" of our universe is projected. Here is an atthe binding energy of of this equal thestate difference behave aistolife expectancy andhow "all" theyhappens. die. The generalization of the same particles. This system considered tween thesystem total energy thesystem particles in atofree (i.e. when tempt explain why this The question of coupled "all" certainly not and have confirmed completely. Although coupled system of the the same particles. particles. This system system considered tempt to explain why and how this ishappens. TheHere question of the particles do not interact) and energy of the coupled of same This supposition "death" our universe projected. is tempt explain why how question of in tween thesystem total of the particles in a free (i.e. when "all" isto certainly notof have confirmed completely. Although work Paducov and Malarov (1985) thethe particles doenergy not interact) and the the energy of state the considered considered the longevity or durability thethis systems has The social, technical supposition "death" ofand our of universe ishappens. projected. Here is an an atatin the work work Paducov andsame Malarov (1985) the or durability of the systems has social, technical system of particles. This system system considered in Paducov and Malarov (1985) tempt to why how The question of the longevity longevity oraspects durability thethis systems has separately. social, technical thethe particles do not interact) and the energy of the considered supposition "death" our of universe ishappens. projected. Here is an atcoupled system of the the same particles. This and economic and must be discussed Such tempt to explain explain whyofand how this happens. The question of coupled and economic aspects and must be discussed separately. Such in the work Paducov and Malarov (1985) 3. DESTRUCTION OF TECHNICAL SISTEMS the longevity or durability of the systems has social, technical and economic aspects and must be discussed separately. Such coupled of the This system considered tempt to why in andIl'of how happens. The question of in issues areexplain considered ichev (2003); Tamrazyan (2014); the work Paducov andsame Malarov (1985) the longevity or durability thethis systems has social, technical 3.system DESTRUCTION OFparticles. TECHNICAL SISTEMS 3. DESTRUCTION OF TECHNICAL SISTEMS issues are considered in Il'must ichev (2003); Tamrazyan (2014); and economic and be discussed separately. Such issues are (2014); considered in ichev (2003); Tamrazyan (2014); in the work Paducov and Malarov (1985) the longevity oraspects durability theand systems has social, technical Varlamov Erofeev, Al, Mishunyaeva (2016).The and economic aspects andIl'of must be discussed separately. Such Consider 3. DESTRUCTION DESTRUCTION OF TECHNICAL SISTEMS the interaction of OF twoTECHNICAL systems: for example, the samVarlamov (2014); Erofeev, Al, and Mishunyaeva (2016).The issues are considered in ichev Tamrazyan (2014); Varlamov (2014); Erofeev, Al, and Mishunyaeva 3. SISTEMS Consider the interaction interaction of of two two systems: systems: for for example, example, the samsamand economic aspects andIl' be(2003); discussed separately. Such Consider theory of destruction allows to model behavior of (2016).The an systems issues are considered in Il'must ichev (2003); Tamrazyan (2014); the the ple and press, what to be for transfer on the sample external theory of destruction allows to model behavior of an systems 3. DESTRUCTION OF TECHNICAL SISTEMS Varlamov (2014); Erofeev, Al, and Mishunyaeva (2016).The theory of destruction allows to model behavior of an systems ple and press, what to be for transfer on the sample external issues are considered in Il' ichev (2003); Tamrazyan (2014); and also to use of hers in the analysis of their behavior in Consider theenergy. interaction of two two systems: for example, the sample and press, whatThe to external be for transfer the sample external Varlamov (2014); Erofeev, Al, and Mishunyaeva (2016).The Consider destructive energy on Afor aimed at thethe destructhe interaction of systems: example, samand to use of hers in the analysis of their behavior in theory of allows to behavior of an and also also to usethe ofErofeev, hers inAl, themodel analysis their behavior in ple destructive energy. The external energy on A aimed aimed at the the external destrucVarlamov (2014); and Mishunyaeva (2016).The time. Some of issues discussed in theofworks and press, what to external be for transfer the sample theory of destruction destruction allows to model behavior ofBondarenko an systems systems destructive energy. The energy A at destrucConsider the interaction of two systems: for example, the samtion of the binding energy U of the particles in the sample. ple and press, what to be for transfer on the sample external time. Some of the issues discussed in the works Bondarenko and also to use of hers in the analysis their behavior in time. Some discussed in behavior theof tion of of the binding binding energy U of of the the particles in the theatsample. sample. theory of destruction allows ofBondarenko anVarlamov systems (2002); Kolchunov, Yakovenko, and Klyuev (2013); destructive energy. The external energy A aimed aimed the external destrucand also to of usethe of issues hers in to themodel analysis ofworks their behavior in ple tion energy particles in andthe press, what to external beUfor transfer on the sample destructive energy. The energy A at the destruc(2002); Kolchunov, Yakovenko, and Klyuev (2013); Varlamov time. Some of the issues discussed in the works Bondarenko (2002); Kolchunov, Yakovenko, and Klyuev (2013); Varlamov Writeof the condition of destruction energy inofthe thesample. systems in and also to of usethe of issues hers discussed in the analysis their Bondarenko behavior in destructive (2016). tion the binding energy U of the particles time. Some in theofworks energy. energy The energy A aimed atsample. the destrucWriteof the the condition of external destruction energy the systems in tion the binding U of the particles inofthe (2016). Write condition in (2002); Kolchunov, Yakovenko, and (2013); Varlamov (2016).Some time: dА/dt ≥ dU/dt of- destruction i.e. in each energy momentofof the timesystems the extertime. of the issues discussed in the works Bondarenko (2002); Kolchunov, Yakovenko, and Klyuev Klyuev (2013); Varlamov tion of the binding energy U of the particles in the sample. time: dА/dt ≥ dU/dt i.e. in each moment of time the exterWrite the condition condition of- destruction destruction energy ofofinternal the systems in time:energy, dА/dt ≥ dU/dt (power) i.e. inmust eachexceed moment timesystems thebinding exter(2016). 2. SOME STARTING POSITION OFKlyuev THE THEORY OF DEnal pressure the Write the of energy of the in (2002); Kolchunov, Yakovenko, and (2013); Varlamov (2016). 2. STARTING POSITION OF THE OF nal energy, energy, pressure (power) must exceed theofinternal internal binding 2. SOME SOME STARTING POSITION OF THE THEORY THEORY OF DEDEtime: dА/dt ≥ dU/dt i.e. in each moment time the external pressure (power) must exceed the binding STRUCTION THE SISTEMS Write the condition of destruction energy of the systems in energy (power) of the sample. Now suppose there is a graph of time: dА/dt ≥ dU/dt i.e. in each moment of time the exter(2016). STRUCTION THE SISTEMS energy (power) of the the(power) sample.must Nowexceed supposethe there is aa graph graph of 2. POSITION THE STRUCTION THEOF SISTEMS nal energy, pressure internal binding energy (power) of Now suppose there is of 2. SOME SOME STARTING STARTING POSITION OF THE THEORY THEORY OF OF DEDEtime:energy, dА/dt ≥ dU/dt -sample. i.e. inmust eachexceed moment of time the exterpower distribution of (power) the investigated system ininternal time. Consider nal pressure the binding power distribution of the investigated system in time. Consider STRUCTION THE SISTEMS In relativistic mechanics works the law of conservation (inenergy (power) of the sample. Now suppose there is a graph of power distribution of the investigated system in time. Consider 2. SOME STARTING POSITION OF THE THEORY OF DESTRUCTION THE must the internal binding the energy, graph inpressure figure1 the axes of exceed the "acceleration – In mechanics works the law of (inenergy (power) of the(power) sample. Now suppose there is aenergy graph of In relativistic relativistic mechanics works theSISTEMS law of conservation conservation (in- nal the graph graph in figure1 figure1 theinvestigated axes of of the thesystem "acceleration energy cluding rest energy) of energy. Energy is the General quantitapower distribution of the the in time. time. Consider the in the axes "acceleration energy –– STRUCTION THE SISTEMS energy (power) of the sample. Now suppose there is a graph of time""P–t". On the considered graph, the vertical axis is the cluding rest energy) of energy. Energy is the General quantitapower distribution of investigated system in Consider In relativistic mechanics works the law of conservation (including rest energy) of energy. Energy is the General quantitatime""P–t". On the considered graph, the vertical axis is the tive measure of different forms of matter in motion. To quantiIn relativistic mechanics works the law of conservation (in- power 2 axes of the graph in energy figure1 the the "acceleration energy time""P–t". On the considered graph, the axis vertical axis the–– distribution ofP,J/s the in time. Consider the of horizontal - time t.isWill acceleration tive measure of different forms of matter in motion. To quantitheinvestigated thesystem "acceleration energy the graph in figure1 2 cluding rest of Energy is the General tivethe measure of different forms of the matter Toquantitaquanti2;;axes In relativistic mechanics works ofmotion. conservation (in- acceleration the horizontal axis -- time t. Will acceleration energy P,J/s fy qualitatively different forms of law movement to distinguish cluding rest energy) energy) of energy. energy. Energy is in the General quantitatime""P–t". On the considered graph, the vertical axis is the ; the horizontal axis time t. Will energy P,J/s the 2 axes the "acceleration energy the graph in On figure1 take the"P–t". acceleration P asofgraph, some notional value then fy qualitatively different forms of to time"the energy considered the vertical axis is dethe– tive measure of forms of matter To quantify the the qualitatively different forms of movement movement to distinguish distinguish take the acceleration energy P some notional then decluding energy) of energy. Energy is in themotion. General types ofrest energy: mechanical, gravitational, electromagnetic, tive measure of different different forms of matter in motion. Toquantitaquanti- acceleration 2; the horizontal --value time t. take the acceleration energy P as as some notional value then deenergy P,J/s time""P–t". On in thepower considered graph, the axis vertical axis the fines the change unit of time. In the moment of types of energy: mechanical, gravitational, electromagnetic, ; per the horizontal axis time t.isWill Will acceleration energy P,J/s fy the qualitatively different forms of movement to distinguish types of energy: mechanical, gravitational, electromagnetic, fines the theacceleration change in in power power per unit of time. time. In the the moment of tive measure of different forms matter infunction motion. Tothe quantinuclear, thermal, etc. Energy is of a definite state fines 2 per fy the qualitatively different forms of movement to of distinguish take energy P as some notional value then dethe change unit of In moment of ; the horizontal axis time t. Will acceleration energy P,J/s nuclear, thermal, etc. Energy is a definite function of the state take the acceleration energy P as some notional value then detypes of energy: mechanical, gravitational, electromagnetic, nuclear, thermal, etc. Energy is a definite function of the state fy the qualitatively different forms of movement to distinguish fines the change in power per unit of time. In the moment of types of energy: mechanical, gravitational, electromagnetic, take energyper P as some notional value then defines the theacceleration change in power unit of time. In the moment of nuclear, etc. Energy is aa definite function of state types ofthermal, energy: mechanical, 2405-8963 © 2018, IFAC (International Federation ofelectromagnetic, Automatic by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. nuclear, thermal, etc. Energy is gravitational, definite function of the the Control) state 808Hosting fines the change in power per unit of time. In the moment of Copyright © 2018 IFAC Peer review Federation Automatic Copyright © 2018 IFAC nuclear, thermal, etc. is International a definite function ofofthe state 808 Copyright ©under 2018responsibility IFACEnergy of 808Control. 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.11.190 Copyright © 2018 IFAC Copyright © 2018 IFAC
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time to (the beginning of the influence of the external energy that causes the destruction of the system) material system sample is characterized by a set of macro parameters of Q1 and the binding energy of U1. At the moment of time tL (the end of the interaction energies, is taken as the moment of destruction of the system). The difference tL – t0 = L describes the duration of the test. As each system begins to undergo external impact almost immediately after its identification, the time t0 can be called "birth", the point in time tL - "death", and L – lifetime.
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In this case, we propose to take the beginning of the impact of ta as a value determined from the dependence ta = Wel / P m, where Wel is the current value of the elastic power, and the P m module of elasticity of the object in the axes of "W - t". Then the line W = P t in the plane «W - t» separates the working area of the system without ageing from the aging and destruction zone of the object (e.g. plastic deformation, pseudo-plastic deformation). A derivative of this line on the plane «В – t» is a horizontal line that shows that the movement along this line does not affect the "capacity" of an system in time, and it never gets old – not destroyed. If we assume the existence of the elastic region (zone without aging), her it may be possible to describe not only linear dependence.
The point 0 is of the reference point time stamps and can be different from the starting point of interaction. Some of the possible distributions of energy U is marked in figure 1, the positions 1, 2, 3.
4. SOME FEATURES OF THE THEORY OF DESTRUCTION THE SISTEMS Show graphically an example of how the system potential P*, varies depending on the initial distribution of power in time. Consider the various ways of ascending and descending distributions of acceleration energies. Take the period of operation of the system -100. Lower graphics potential P in figure 2 correspond to fall down accelerations of energy in time. Average chart - the horizontal distribution. The upper graphs correspond to the upward accelerations of energy. Built in accordance with these distributions the graphs of the potential energy of the system P* is shown in figure 2. The lower graphs correspond to fall down distributions, schedule 8 – the horizontal distribution. The upper graphs correspond to the ascending energy distribution.
Fig. 1. The possible cases of distribution power facilities in systems in time. The pattern of the distribution of power over time, can somehow different from the one pictured and, in General, change with time. However, if we assume that the external energetic influences, except controlled, is no, the shape of the distribution of power can be considered constant. The form of the power of external influence we can ask. If take the form of the power of external influence on the system in the form of a rectangle P *tх, the condition of fracture energy of each systems in the current time tх ( =0) can be written: (1) (2)
value
to will be the modified acceleration energy of the system at the current point in time tx. Integral determines the power of the facility beyond the current time and into the future , so the value В* predict the behavior of the energy of the sustem in time. In the future, the value P * will be called the "potential energy" to which it corresponds in nature and behavior. The value of P * dt is an elementary power of resistance the energys of the system. Then the distribution of its own power of the studied sample in time from the beginning of exposure t0 to the current time tх will look like: .
Fig. 2. The graphs to change of potential of an system in time. Assume that the function describing the acceleration of energy over time, continuous over a selected period of time and can be approximately described by the Taylor formula. The Taylor formula will take the form of a polynomial:
(3)
According to (3) is considered the time interval from t0 = 0 to tL , provided t0 = 0 < ta < tх < tL . The value of the time tа appears due to the inability tх acceptance set to 0. In this case, the graph W(t) is always positive, and tx seeking ta power seek to 0. However, this raises the question of what the value of ta should be taken. The adoption of a certain constant value, ta creates a lot of questions that have no logical explanation.
.
(4)
The coefficients bi in this formula depend on the value of the argument at the point in which we describe the function and depend on the value the derivative of this function at this point.
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Write the value of the potential in arbitrary units and in accordance with the distribution of acceleration power of the object under the condition tL=1; 0 < tх = x ≤ 1:
.
Consider the case:
The current power of the system in this case is written as:
(5)
Examine graphs of a number: y = -1; -x; -x2; -x3; ... ; -x10; -x20 for 0 < x ≤ L. To result increasing the exponent of the curves of the line graphs are highest to the degree coordinate axes, the influence of members of a number with higher degrees decreased. Consequently, the resulting series is convergent.
+
(6)
5. CONCLUSION To analyze the behavior of the system is proposed to use a set of patterns behavior systems in time. An example of a combined set of diagrams shown in figure 3. It is necessary to add the diagram shown in figure 1.
Consider the graphs of the function in the range: (1/x-1); 1/2 (1/x-x); ... ;1/21 (1/x-x20). The row is obtained from (5) without taking into account the coefficients bi. Potential, P* obtained by summing the curves obtained from such the row with given coefficients bi. Considering the curves see that the row, describing power P* converging. The obtained curves have similar shape. Fall schedule (1/x-1) gradually decreases. In the subsequent diagrams result from is convex the lines with changing curvature. The greatest deviation of the curvature from smooth reduction (protuberance) on the plots along the vertically is 0.025 for the graph x9. The summation curves with the coefficients bi will produce curves similar to figure 3. With possibly wavy appearance. The tangent to the curve cannot have a negative slope, otherwise the possible intersection of the total curve with the axis abscises, that would mean move the point L. The main conclusions from the analysis of the function: 1. The potentials of most of the functions have a similar shape, that is, the behavior of the potentials energy in time for most objects are alike 2. Can to be wave on the curve potentials energy, i.e., the deceleration or acceleration of its reduction. The waves on the curve of potential energy can to be explained as a view of the function of the energy of acceleration or the method of approximation (polynomial). 3. The potential of the acceleration energy (without external influence) is constantly decreasing in time. 4. The increase potential of the acceleration energy in time is possible only due to the influence of external energy. On the chart «Р-t» the modulus of elasticity is determined by the ratio Wel/tel =Eel, respectively, on the chart capacity – sloping line becomes horizontal with coordinate P = Eel, this means that the modulus of elasticity is the energy characteristic of on system.
Fig. 3 The behavior of the system in time a) graph the changes capacity; b) graph of energy change. Each subsequent chart (if you start with figure 1) is the integral function from the previous chart. The diagram, shown in figure 1, shows how the degree of increase of defects in the object, also and the degree of increase of information about the object. The diagram a) in figure 3 can be used to analyze stresses and deflections of a products, development or growth of cracks. Diagrams b) in figure 3 can be used to analyze the extent of destruction of the system in time and valuations for the time and money on repairs (energy recovery) or the duration of operation system.
In the case of rectangular plots of acceleration of energies for the having a permanent potential of the value on the chart to ≥ (γ can write down the value of life expectancy as L = – const, is greater than one), then the relationship of modulus of elasticity with acceleration energy is written as
The whole set of diagrams is used to analyze the durability of the system and estimating its destruction over time. REFERENCES
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Alexandrovsky, S. V. (2001). Reinforced Concrete in the XXI century: The state and prospects of development of concrete and reinforced concrete in Russia. Gotika, Moscow. Bondarenko, V. M. (2002). Dialectics of mechanics of rein-
In the case of a triangular plot
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forced concrete. Concrete and reinforced concrete, 1, 24– 27. Erofeev, V.T., Al, D.S. & Mishunyaeva, O. A. (2016). Ways to improve the durability and reliability of concrete structures. Safety building Fund, 1, 13–19. Frish, S. E. & Timoreva, A. V. (1962). The course of General physics. Vishay shkola, Moscow. Il'ichev, V. A. (2003). Russia and the world: economy of resources in building. Architecture and construction of Moscow, 508-509, 72–80. Kapitza, S. P. (2008) Essay on the theory of growth of mankind. The demographic revolution and information society. Institute of physical problems P. L. Kapitza, Institute for socio economic population problems of RAS, Moscow. Karpenko, N. I. & Mukhamediev, T. A. (1988). Efficient material-concrete construction, NIIZHB, Moscow. Kolchunov, V. I., Yakovenko, N. A. & Klyuev, N. V. (2013) Method physical models for resistance of concrete, Industrial and civil construction, 12, 51–55. Paducov, V. A. & Malarov, I. P. (1985) Fracture mechanics of rocks by explosion. Publishing house Irkut. University press, Irkutsk. Rimshin, V. I. (2005). Durability problems. Beton and reinforced concrete, 2, 25-27. Tamrazyan, A. G. (2014). Concrete and reinforced concrete — glance at future, Vestnik MGSU, 4, 181–189 Varlamov, A. A. (2014). Model the elastic behavior of the concrete. Izvestiya KSASU, 3(29), 19-26. Varlamov, A. A. (2016). On the design of the chart behavior of concrete. Concrete and reinforced concrete, 1, 6–8.
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