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Seismic risk and engineering decisions
344
two chapters (7 and 8) are the most interesting and outstanding of the book. Chapter 7 deals with pre-failure and post-failure behaviour of the rock and shows how pre-failure properties and behaviour can be related to the closing, opening and development of microcracks. It considers such topics as dilatancy, acoustic emission, and elastic wave velocities and ends with a section on microscopic observation of cracks in natural rocks and test specimens. Finally, chapter 8 is concerned with the brittle-ductile transition. The factors influencing the behaviour of a rock, in this respect, are considered first. Then, after a look at the grain scale mechanisms that may be operating during bulk ductile behaviour, such as cataclastic flow and crystal plasticity, the explanation for the transition is discussed. Diagrams, photographs and general presentation are very good and the subject material is well indexed. The index is kept short by omitting authors. The latter are partially indexed (only first authors, of multiple authored papers, are covered) by insertion after their names in the reference list of the numbers of the pages on which they are referred to. This saves space and is reasonably convenient, once the system has been discovered. Inevitably, the book contains a sprinkling of typographic errors but I found remarkably few and the only one of these of any consequence is a reference. The reference Norris, D.K. and Barron, K. (1969) is in Geol. Surv. Can. Paper 68-52, not in “Geol. Sot. Can. Paper 68-52”. The book is too detailed and specialised to be used as a text for the type of courses given in most geology departments. However, it will make excellent background reading and an invaluable reference book for structural, rock mechanics and material science courses of the type that are commonly given. All in all, this is an excellent book and I look forward to the promised “separate volume” on the ductile field. PAUL
F. WILLIAMS
(St. John’s,
Newfoundland)
Seismic Risk and Engineering Decisions. C. Lomnitz and E. Rosenblueth (Editors). Elsevier, 1976, IX + 425 pp., Dfl. 125.00 (approx. $ 55.50) This book contains a good deal of useful information in the field of earthquake engineering in general and in the field of risk analysis in particular. The book should be of interest to those who are just getting acquainted with the field of seismic risk studies as well as to those who have been working in this field for awhile. The quality of each article makes it a book worth owning and referring to in research, development and application. The book is especially useful to practicing engineers who may need to know the state of the art in Seismic Risk studies. The extensive references listed after each article are very useful to researchers.
345
Specifically, the book contains nine separate topics. These topics together with their authors are: Chapter 2. Earthquakes and Earthquake Prediction by C. Lomnitz and S.K. Sir&. Chapter 3. Geological Criteria for Evaluating Seismicity by C.R. Allen. by E. Faccioli Chapter 4. Soil Dynamics: Behavior Including Liquefaction and D. Resendiz. Chapter 5. The Physics of Earthquake Strong Motion by J.N. Brune. Chapter 6. Seismicity by L. Esteva. Chapter 7. Tsunamis by R.L. Wiegel. Chapter 8. Structural Response to Earthquakes by E.H. VanMarcke. Chapter 9. Design by R.V. Whitman and C.A. Cornell. Chapter 10. Seismological Instrumentation by T.V. McEvilly. The first chapter, which is an Introduction, is written by E. Rosenblueth and C. Lomnitz. Due to the fact that the book is made up of nine separate articles written by separate authors, there tends to be some lack of coherence from one topic to the next. The book could be substantially more usable by students of earthquake engineering if the notations and vocabulary of all the articles were to be made consistent. In conclusion, the book is an excellent addition to the earthquake engineering literature. The articles are well written and contain state of the art information, which makes this book worth buying. H.C. SHAH (Stanford,
Calif.)
The Evolution of North America. P.B. King, Princeton University Princeton, N.J., 1977,197 pp, $31.50 (paperback: $12.00)
Press,
This revised edition of the widely acclaimed synthesis of North American structural geology, authored by Philip B. King in 1959, is still an interesting and well written exposition of King’s views about the structural framework and tectonic evolution of North America. As one reviewer said of the first edition, it is the kind of book “that is likely to turn up on the geologist’s bedside table or beside his favorite easy chair.” The serious student of tectonics, however, who is searching for a synthesis of modem discoveries, concepts, and ideas will be disappointed by this revision. Although in the Preface (p.v) King states: “. . . a great proliferation of new concepts were built during the 1960’s. These new concepts, sometimes called ‘the new global tectonics’ and said to have created a revolution in earth sciences, resulted primarily from knowledge of the geology of the ocean bottoms . . . hitherto the great unknown of geology. Nothing that is written now in geology can fail to take account of these new concepts.”
two chapters (7 and 8) are the most interesting and outstanding of the book. Chapter 7 deals with pre-failure and post-failure behaviour of the rock and shows how pre-failure properties and behaviour can be related to the closing, opening and development of microcracks. It considers such topics as dilatancy, acoustic emission, and elastic wave velocities and ends with a section on microscopic observation of cracks in natural rocks and test specimens. Finally, chapter 8 is concerned with the brittle-ductile transition. The factors influencing the behaviour of a rock, in this respect, are considered first. Then, after a look at the grain scale mechanisms that may be operating during bulk ductile behaviour, such as cataclastic flow and crystal plasticity, the explanation for the transition is discussed. Diagrams, photographs and general presentation are very good and the subject material is well indexed. The index is kept short by omitting authors. The latter are partially indexed (only first authors, of multiple authored papers, are covered) by insertion after their names in the reference list of the numbers of the pages on which they are referred to. This saves space and is reasonably convenient, once the system has been discovered. Inevitably, the book contains a sprinkling of typographic errors but I found remarkably few and the only one of these of any consequence is a reference. The reference Norris, D.K. and Barron, K. (1969) is in Geol. Surv. Can. Paper 68-52, not in “Geol. Sot. Can. Paper 68-52”. The book is too detailed and specialised to be used as a text for the type of courses given in most geology departments. However, it will make excellent background reading and an invaluable reference book for structural, rock mechanics and material science courses of the type that are commonly given. All in all, this is an excellent book and I look forward to the promised “separate volume” on the ductile field. PAUL
F. WILLIAMS
(St. John’s,
Newfoundland)
Seismic Risk and Engineering Decisions. C. Lomnitz and E. Rosenblueth (Editors). Elsevier, 1976, IX + 425 pp., Dfl. 125.00 (approx. $ 55.50) This book contains a good deal of useful information in the field of earthquake engineering in general and in the field of risk analysis in particular. The book should be of interest to those who are just getting acquainted with the field of seismic risk studies as well as to those who have been working in this field for awhile. The quality of each article makes it a book worth owning and referring to in research, development and application. The book is especially useful to practicing engineers who may need to know the state of the art in Seismic Risk studies. The extensive references listed after each article are very useful to researchers.
345
Specifically, the book contains nine separate topics. These topics together with their authors are: Chapter 2. Earthquakes and Earthquake Prediction by C. Lomnitz and S.K. Sir&. Chapter 3. Geological Criteria for Evaluating Seismicity by C.R. Allen. by E. Faccioli Chapter 4. Soil Dynamics: Behavior Including Liquefaction and D. Resendiz. Chapter 5. The Physics of Earthquake Strong Motion by J.N. Brune. Chapter 6. Seismicity by L. Esteva. Chapter 7. Tsunamis by R.L. Wiegel. Chapter 8. Structural Response to Earthquakes by E.H. VanMarcke. Chapter 9. Design by R.V. Whitman and C.A. Cornell. Chapter 10. Seismological Instrumentation by T.V. McEvilly. The first chapter, which is an Introduction, is written by E. Rosenblueth and C. Lomnitz. Due to the fact that the book is made up of nine separate articles written by separate authors, there tends to be some lack of coherence from one topic to the next. The book could be substantially more usable by students of earthquake engineering if the notations and vocabulary of all the articles were to be made consistent. In conclusion, the book is an excellent addition to the earthquake engineering literature. The articles are well written and contain state of the art information, which makes this book worth buying. H.C. SHAH (Stanford,
Calif.)
The Evolution of North America. P.B. King, Princeton University Princeton, N.J., 1977,197 pp, $31.50 (paperback: $12.00)
Press,
This revised edition of the widely acclaimed synthesis of North American structural geology, authored by Philip B. King in 1959, is still an interesting and well written exposition of King’s views about the structural framework and tectonic evolution of North America. As one reviewer said of the first edition, it is the kind of book “that is likely to turn up on the geologist’s bedside table or beside his favorite easy chair.” The serious student of tectonics, however, who is searching for a synthesis of modem discoveries, concepts, and ideas will be disappointed by this revision. Although in the Preface (p.v) King states: “. . . a great proliferation of new concepts were built during the 1960’s. These new concepts, sometimes called ‘the new global tectonics’ and said to have created a revolution in earth sciences, resulted primarily from knowledge of the geology of the ocean bottoms . . . hitherto the great unknown of geology. Nothing that is written now in geology can fail to take account of these new concepts.”