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Self-assessment exercise—questions
Educational section
16. Feher T, Bodrogi L, Vallent K, Ribai Z. Role of human adipose tissue in the production and metabolism of steroid hormones. Endocrhwlogie 1982; 80: 173-80. 17. O'Malley B. The steroid receptor superfamily: more excitement predicted for the future. Mol Endocrhlol 1990; 4: 363-9. 18. Baniahmad A, Tsai M. Mechanisms of transcriptional activation by steroid hormone receptors. J Cell Biochem 1993; 51: 151-6. 19. Miller WR. Prediction of oestrogen sensitivity/dependence. In: Miller, WR Oestrogen and Breast Cancer. Austin, TX: RG Landes, 1995: 151-69. 20. Murtha P, Tindall DJ, Young CY. Androgen induction of a human prostate-specific kallikrein, hKIK2: characterisation of an androgen response element in the 5' promoter region of the gene. Biochemist1T 1993; 32: 6459-64. 21. Claessens F, Cells L, De Vos P, Heyns W, Verhoeven G, Peeters
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B, Rombauts W. Functional androgen response elements in the genes coding for prostatic binding proteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 684: 199-201. Green S, Gronemeyer H, Chambon P. Structure and function of steroid hormone receptors. In: Sluyser M (ed.) Growth Factors and Oncogenes hi Breast Cancer. Ellis Horwood Series in Biomedicine, Chichester: VCH Weinheim, 1987: 7-28. Jordan VC Wolf MF, Mirecki DM, Whitford DA, Welshons WV. Hormone receptor assays: clinical usefulness in the management of carcinoma of the breast. CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sciences 1988; 26: 97-152. Sluyser M. Steroid/thyroid receptor-like proteins and oncogenic potential: a review. Cancer Res 1990; 50: 451-8. Tilley WD, Buchanan G, Hickey TE, Bentel JM. Mutations in the androgen receptor gene are associated with progression of human prostate cancer to androgen independence. Clin Cancer Res 1996; 2: 277-85.
Self-assessment exercise Based on the Educational Section in the October 1996 issue of the Journal (Answers given on p. 637) 1. Meta-analysis has established the l~enefit of adjuvant therapy for women with operable (and clinically localized) breast cancer; one in two siach patients deriving long-term benefit. 2. Nodal invasion by tumour is the most powerful predictor of occult metastatic disease and, thus, of eventual overt clinical metastatic disease; the more nodes are involved the worse the prognosis. 3. Is there definitive evidence that chemotherapy can induce a cure rather than prolong the appearance of overt metastases? 4. Is there any evidence that breast cancer response to chemotherapeutic agents is dose-dependent? 5. The diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a very stressful and psychologically disturbing time for patients with malignant disease. Unfortunately, little can be done to prevent the development of serious psychosocial or psychiatric disturbances. 6. Is there convincing evidence that certain types of personalities or psychological characteristics predispose individuals to an increased risk of developing cancer? 7. Is there any evidence to suggest that psychological factors and intervention can modify the disease process in malignancy? 8. Have psychosocial interventions been shown to alter aspects of host defences? Are these relevant to patients with cancer?
16. Feher T, Bodrogi L, Vallent K, Ribai Z. Role of human adipose tissue in the production and metabolism of steroid hormones. Endocrhwlogie 1982; 80: 173-80. 17. O'Malley B. The steroid receptor superfamily: more excitement predicted for the future. Mol Endocrhlol 1990; 4: 363-9. 18. Baniahmad A, Tsai M. Mechanisms of transcriptional activation by steroid hormone receptors. J Cell Biochem 1993; 51: 151-6. 19. Miller WR. Prediction of oestrogen sensitivity/dependence. In: Miller, WR Oestrogen and Breast Cancer. Austin, TX: RG Landes, 1995: 151-69. 20. Murtha P, Tindall DJ, Young CY. Androgen induction of a human prostate-specific kallikrein, hKIK2: characterisation of an androgen response element in the 5' promoter region of the gene. Biochemist1T 1993; 32: 6459-64. 21. Claessens F, Cells L, De Vos P, Heyns W, Verhoeven G, Peeters
•22.
23.
24. 25.
633
B, Rombauts W. Functional androgen response elements in the genes coding for prostatic binding proteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 684: 199-201. Green S, Gronemeyer H, Chambon P. Structure and function of steroid hormone receptors. In: Sluyser M (ed.) Growth Factors and Oncogenes hi Breast Cancer. Ellis Horwood Series in Biomedicine, Chichester: VCH Weinheim, 1987: 7-28. Jordan VC Wolf MF, Mirecki DM, Whitford DA, Welshons WV. Hormone receptor assays: clinical usefulness in the management of carcinoma of the breast. CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sciences 1988; 26: 97-152. Sluyser M. Steroid/thyroid receptor-like proteins and oncogenic potential: a review. Cancer Res 1990; 50: 451-8. Tilley WD, Buchanan G, Hickey TE, Bentel JM. Mutations in the androgen receptor gene are associated with progression of human prostate cancer to androgen independence. Clin Cancer Res 1996; 2: 277-85.
Self-assessment exercise Based on the Educational Section in the October 1996 issue of the Journal (Answers given on p. 637) 1. Meta-analysis has established the l~enefit of adjuvant therapy for women with operable (and clinically localized) breast cancer; one in two siach patients deriving long-term benefit. 2. Nodal invasion by tumour is the most powerful predictor of occult metastatic disease and, thus, of eventual overt clinical metastatic disease; the more nodes are involved the worse the prognosis. 3. Is there definitive evidence that chemotherapy can induce a cure rather than prolong the appearance of overt metastases? 4. Is there any evidence that breast cancer response to chemotherapeutic agents is dose-dependent? 5. The diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a very stressful and psychologically disturbing time for patients with malignant disease. Unfortunately, little can be done to prevent the development of serious psychosocial or psychiatric disturbances. 6. Is there convincing evidence that certain types of personalities or psychological characteristics predispose individuals to an increased risk of developing cancer? 7. Is there any evidence to suggest that psychological factors and intervention can modify the disease process in malignancy? 8. Have psychosocial interventions been shown to alter aspects of host defences? Are these relevant to patients with cancer?