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Separation of acetaldehyde from hydrocarbons using zeolites
Patent report but also decomposes the other components having boiling points similar to that of 2,6-1 into separable components, increases dimethylnaphthalenes by re-formation, and gives 2,6-1 in high yields.
Process for the production of olefins M.P. Atkins BP Chemicals Ltd. PCT Int. Appl. 93,21,139, Oct. 28, 1993; U.K. Appl. Apr. 22, 1992 Olefins, especially isobutene, are prepared by contacting an oxygenate ROR' (R = C4-5 alkyl, R' = H, alkyl) with a zeolite catalyst with specified framework structure. Tertiary butyl alcohol was cracked using H-form Theta-1 zeolite at 150°C giving isobutene with 99.53% selectivity and 100% conversion.
Process for making alkylated polycyclic aromatics D.O. Marler; D.N. Mazzone; L.D. Rollmann Mobil Oil Corp. U.S. 5,302,769, Apr. 12, 1994; Appl. Dec. 7, 1992 A polycyclic aromatic is contacted with an alkyl-substituted single-ring aromatic, such as toluene, o-, m-, or p-xylene or mesitylene, over a catalyst comprising a zeolite, such as zeolite beta, USY, or ZSM-5 to alkylate the polycyclic aromatic. The polycyclic aromatic can be a fused polynuclear aromatic, for example, phenanthrene, or an assembly of two or more cyclic systems, for example, biphenyl. The polycyclic aromatic can also include carbocyclic systems such as fluorene and naphthalene or heterocyclic systems such as b e n z o t h i o p h e n e and dibenzothiophene. The polycyclic aromatic can be derived from a cycle oil, coker gas oil, extract of lubricant solvent refining or crude distillate fraction. The transalkylating agent can be derived from a reformate, pyrolysis gasoline, or coker naphtha. A feed containing m-xylene and dibenzothiophene was transalkylated over a USY zeolite with a silica/alumina ratio of 220.
Cracking process and ZSM-5 catalyst produced therefor T.F. Degnan; D.J. Klocke; 3.A. Kowalski et al. Mobil Oil Corp. PCT Int. Appt. 94,13,754, Jun. 23, 1994; U.S. Appl. Dec. 11, 1992 A process for converting feedstock hydrocarbon compounds to product hydrocarbon compounds having a lower molecular weight than the feedstock hydrocarbon compounds involves contacting the feedstock at conversion conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a large-pore molecular sieve material and an additive catalyst composition comprising crystalline material having the structure of ZSM-5 and a silica/alumina molecular ratio of <30, the crystalline material having, as-synthesized, the following formula on an anhydrous basis: (x)M20. (0.21.4)R20 • AI20 z • (y)SiO2, where x is a number >0.1, M is alkali or alkaline earth metal, R is n-propylamine, y is a number <30, and the additive catalyst composition has an ~ value >30.
Catalyst for manufacturing alkylphenol K. Yamauchi; K. Hashimoto; Y. Kera et al. Nitsusei Kagaku Kogyosho K.K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 93,329,374, Dec. 14, 1993; Appl. Jun. 1, 1992 A catalyst for manufacturing an alkylphenol by the reaction of a phenol and alcohol and/or olefin comprises a zeolite, phyllosilicate clay mineral, or hydrotalcite whose exchangeable cation is at least partially exchanged with a transition metal ion, AI ion, and/or proton. The catalyst does not require a corrosionresistant reactor and can be separated easily from a reaction mixture.
SEPARATION PROCESSES Zeolite composition for use in o l e f i n i c separations E. Kantner; D.W. Savage; R.J. Bellows Exxon Research and Engineering Co. U.S. 5,292,990, Mar. 8, 1994; U.S. Appl. Dec. 7, 1988 Zeolites with high silica to alumina ratio, for example, >20, and pore diameters >5.0 A, and which have substantially no active
acid sites (i.e., nonreactive toward olefin isomerization and oligomerization) are especially useful in separating linear olefins and paraffins from hydrocarbon mixtures containing at least linear and branched aliphatic hydrocarbons and optionally containing aromatic and other hydrocarbons.
Preparation of di- and trichloromethanes by chlorination of chloromethane M. Isobe; I. Okabe; N. Nakamoto Tokuyama Soda K.K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 94,56,712, Mar. 1, 1994; Appl. Aug. 7, 1992 In the preparation of CH2CI2 and CHCI3 by chlorination of MeCI by CI, the HCI and unreacted MeCI are separated from the reaction mixture by rectification, and the MeCI is separated from HCI and contacted with a zeolite, which decreases the concentration of phosgene (e.g., 900 to 82 ppm) and H20 (e.g., 56 to 8 ppm) by adsorption before the MeCI is recycled to the chlorination step. The accumulation of phosgene in the chlorination reactor is prevented.
High-temperature sorbents for oxygen P.K. Sharma United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration U.S. 5,314,853, May 24, 1994; Appl. Dec. 16, 1992 A sorbent capable of removing trace amounts of oxygen (parts per trillion) from a gas stream at a high temperature above 200°C is comprised of a porous aluminosilicate support such as zeolite containing from 1 to 10 wt% of ion-exchanged transition metal such as copper or cobalt ions and 0.05-1.0 wt% of an activator selected from a platinum group metal. The activation temperature, oxygen sorption, and reducibility are all improved by the presence of the platinum activator.
Separation of acetaldehyde from hydrocarbons using zeolites U. Mueller; R. Weiss; K. Diehl et al. BA SF A.-G. Ger. Often. 4,226,302, Feb. 10, 1994; Appl. Aug. 8, 1992 Acetaldehyde is separated from C3-~s hydrocarbons selectively and economically by contact with zeolites having pore size of 0.3-0.75 nm, for example, NaA zeolite (pore size, 0.4 nm).
DETERGENTS Phosphate-free builders in laundry detergents B. Kottwitz; H. Upadek Henkel K.-G.a.A. Ger. Often. 4,228,043; 4,228,044, Mar. 3, 1994; Appis. Aug. 24, 1992 A zeolite and/or a crystalline layer silicate is useful with a polyhydroxy dicarboxy compound, such as tartaric, D glucaric, or galactaric acid or a salt, as a builder system in phosphate-free laundry detergents.
Aqueous dispersions of mono- and/or d/salts of ~-sulfo fatty acids with good flowability W. Poly; F. Wangemann; T. Engels Henkel K.-G.a.A. Ger. Often. 4,235,139, Apr. 21, 1994; Appl. Oct. 19, 1992
The flowability of the title dispersions, prepared by treating saturated fatty acids (e.g., hydrogenated tallow acids) with SO3 and neutralizing the (~-sulfo fatty acids with an aqueous base (e.g., NaOH), is improved by adding 0.01-5% particles with a diameter of 0.1-50 i~m (e.g., zeolite A) during neutralization. The dispersions are useful in the preparation of detergent compositions.
Zeolites 15:663-667, 1995
665
Process for the production of olefins M.P. Atkins BP Chemicals Ltd. PCT Int. Appl. 93,21,139, Oct. 28, 1993; U.K. Appl. Apr. 22, 1992 Olefins, especially isobutene, are prepared by contacting an oxygenate ROR' (R = C4-5 alkyl, R' = H, alkyl) with a zeolite catalyst with specified framework structure. Tertiary butyl alcohol was cracked using H-form Theta-1 zeolite at 150°C giving isobutene with 99.53% selectivity and 100% conversion.
Process for making alkylated polycyclic aromatics D.O. Marler; D.N. Mazzone; L.D. Rollmann Mobil Oil Corp. U.S. 5,302,769, Apr. 12, 1994; Appl. Dec. 7, 1992 A polycyclic aromatic is contacted with an alkyl-substituted single-ring aromatic, such as toluene, o-, m-, or p-xylene or mesitylene, over a catalyst comprising a zeolite, such as zeolite beta, USY, or ZSM-5 to alkylate the polycyclic aromatic. The polycyclic aromatic can be a fused polynuclear aromatic, for example, phenanthrene, or an assembly of two or more cyclic systems, for example, biphenyl. The polycyclic aromatic can also include carbocyclic systems such as fluorene and naphthalene or heterocyclic systems such as b e n z o t h i o p h e n e and dibenzothiophene. The polycyclic aromatic can be derived from a cycle oil, coker gas oil, extract of lubricant solvent refining or crude distillate fraction. The transalkylating agent can be derived from a reformate, pyrolysis gasoline, or coker naphtha. A feed containing m-xylene and dibenzothiophene was transalkylated over a USY zeolite with a silica/alumina ratio of 220.
Cracking process and ZSM-5 catalyst produced therefor T.F. Degnan; D.J. Klocke; 3.A. Kowalski et al. Mobil Oil Corp. PCT Int. Appt. 94,13,754, Jun. 23, 1994; U.S. Appl. Dec. 11, 1992 A process for converting feedstock hydrocarbon compounds to product hydrocarbon compounds having a lower molecular weight than the feedstock hydrocarbon compounds involves contacting the feedstock at conversion conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a large-pore molecular sieve material and an additive catalyst composition comprising crystalline material having the structure of ZSM-5 and a silica/alumina molecular ratio of <30, the crystalline material having, as-synthesized, the following formula on an anhydrous basis: (x)M20. (0.21.4)R20 • AI20 z • (y)SiO2, where x is a number >0.1, M is alkali or alkaline earth metal, R is n-propylamine, y is a number <30, and the additive catalyst composition has an ~ value >30.
Catalyst for manufacturing alkylphenol K. Yamauchi; K. Hashimoto; Y. Kera et al. Nitsusei Kagaku Kogyosho K.K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 93,329,374, Dec. 14, 1993; Appl. Jun. 1, 1992 A catalyst for manufacturing an alkylphenol by the reaction of a phenol and alcohol and/or olefin comprises a zeolite, phyllosilicate clay mineral, or hydrotalcite whose exchangeable cation is at least partially exchanged with a transition metal ion, AI ion, and/or proton. The catalyst does not require a corrosionresistant reactor and can be separated easily from a reaction mixture.
SEPARATION PROCESSES Zeolite composition for use in o l e f i n i c separations E. Kantner; D.W. Savage; R.J. Bellows Exxon Research and Engineering Co. U.S. 5,292,990, Mar. 8, 1994; U.S. Appl. Dec. 7, 1988 Zeolites with high silica to alumina ratio, for example, >20, and pore diameters >5.0 A, and which have substantially no active
acid sites (i.e., nonreactive toward olefin isomerization and oligomerization) are especially useful in separating linear olefins and paraffins from hydrocarbon mixtures containing at least linear and branched aliphatic hydrocarbons and optionally containing aromatic and other hydrocarbons.
Preparation of di- and trichloromethanes by chlorination of chloromethane M. Isobe; I. Okabe; N. Nakamoto Tokuyama Soda K.K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 94,56,712, Mar. 1, 1994; Appl. Aug. 7, 1992 In the preparation of CH2CI2 and CHCI3 by chlorination of MeCI by CI, the HCI and unreacted MeCI are separated from the reaction mixture by rectification, and the MeCI is separated from HCI and contacted with a zeolite, which decreases the concentration of phosgene (e.g., 900 to 82 ppm) and H20 (e.g., 56 to 8 ppm) by adsorption before the MeCI is recycled to the chlorination step. The accumulation of phosgene in the chlorination reactor is prevented.
High-temperature sorbents for oxygen P.K. Sharma United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration U.S. 5,314,853, May 24, 1994; Appl. Dec. 16, 1992 A sorbent capable of removing trace amounts of oxygen (parts per trillion) from a gas stream at a high temperature above 200°C is comprised of a porous aluminosilicate support such as zeolite containing from 1 to 10 wt% of ion-exchanged transition metal such as copper or cobalt ions and 0.05-1.0 wt% of an activator selected from a platinum group metal. The activation temperature, oxygen sorption, and reducibility are all improved by the presence of the platinum activator.
Separation of acetaldehyde from hydrocarbons using zeolites U. Mueller; R. Weiss; K. Diehl et al. BA SF A.-G. Ger. Often. 4,226,302, Feb. 10, 1994; Appl. Aug. 8, 1992 Acetaldehyde is separated from C3-~s hydrocarbons selectively and economically by contact with zeolites having pore size of 0.3-0.75 nm, for example, NaA zeolite (pore size, 0.4 nm).
DETERGENTS Phosphate-free builders in laundry detergents B. Kottwitz; H. Upadek Henkel K.-G.a.A. Ger. Often. 4,228,043; 4,228,044, Mar. 3, 1994; Appis. Aug. 24, 1992 A zeolite and/or a crystalline layer silicate is useful with a polyhydroxy dicarboxy compound, such as tartaric, D glucaric, or galactaric acid or a salt, as a builder system in phosphate-free laundry detergents.
Aqueous dispersions of mono- and/or d/salts of ~-sulfo fatty acids with good flowability W. Poly; F. Wangemann; T. Engels Henkel K.-G.a.A. Ger. Often. 4,235,139, Apr. 21, 1994; Appl. Oct. 19, 1992
The flowability of the title dispersions, prepared by treating saturated fatty acids (e.g., hydrogenated tallow acids) with SO3 and neutralizing the (~-sulfo fatty acids with an aqueous base (e.g., NaOH), is improved by adding 0.01-5% particles with a diameter of 0.1-50 i~m (e.g., zeolite A) during neutralization. The dispersions are useful in the preparation of detergent compositions.
Zeolites 15:663-667, 1995
665