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Serosal covering and the muscle coat of the appendix
Abstracts / Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 65S (2016) S1–S97
goblet cells, neuroendocrine cells and very few Paneth cells (Gramlich TL). Mucosal hyperplasia of the appendix was first described by MacGillivray’ and is characterized by the presence of glands possessing a distinctive serrated appearance as a result of the papillary infolding of the lining epithelium. Hyperplastic lesions of the appendix come in two forms. Diffuse hyperplasia and hyperplastic polyps. Aim was to study the presence of hyperplastic epithelium in appendix and its causative factors. Material and methods: In this prospective and retrospective study, a total of 372 appendicectomy specimens received from the Department of Pathology of Shri Sathya Sai Medical College & Research Institute during a period of 4 years (2011–2014) were studied. All tissues were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and 5 mm thick sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: A typical appearance of mucosal hyperplasia was observed in 27 cases out of 372 cases of appendicectomy. The mean age of the patient was 41.15 and the ratio between male and female was 1: 1.9. Out of 27 cases, 8 cases exhibited that the lumen was occupied by the faecolith, 3 showed presences of faecolith and mucous material, 2 showed the presence of mucous material with dilatation of the lumen of the appendix 13 had necrosed material and tissue debris and in 1 lumen was empty. Eosinophils were observed along with the neutrophils and lymphocytes in the lamina propria of the appendix. Conclusion: Previous studies do not mention the causative factors for the mucosal hyperplasia of the appendix. In the present study most of the cases showed the presence of necrotic material, tissue debris and faecolith in the lumen. The presence of eosinophils shows allergic reaction in addition to inflammation leading chronic irritation causing hyperplastic epithelium. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.257 250 Study of histological changes in placenta of anaemic mothers Soni Ritu Bala Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Aims and objectives: 1. To study histology of normal/nonanaemic mothers placenta (control group) and of anaemic mothers placenta (case group). 2. To compare placental microscopic structure (histology) of case and control groups. Material and methods: 60 placenta; 30 from anaemic mothers (case group) and 30 from normal/non-anaemic mothers (control group) were taken for the study. 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm pieces were removed from both group of placenta and fixed in 10% formalin for 24 h then 2 mm section were taken and further used for processing (dehydration, clearing, embedding, sectioning by microtome, deparaffinisation, rehydration) and H&E (haematoxyline and eosin) staining. Results: Microscopic study revealed histomorphological abnormalities due to hypoxia comprise of some changes in placental structure like increased capillaries per villous, increased thickening of capillary basement membrane, trophoblastic basement membrane and of syncytiotrophoblast, increased fibrosis and appearance of syncytial knots, appearance of vasculosyncytial membrane.
S81
All these changes occurred for maintaining sufficient efficiency of placenta due to compensatory phenomena for fulfilling demand of oxygen in fetus. It means placenta is affected due to anemia. Conclusion: Anaemia which is very common in female during pregnancy, affect maternal blood, leading to hypoxia. It causes changes in microscopic (histological) structure of placenta and through this fetal outcome is also affected. Growth of fetus is intricately linked with that of placenta, because of transfer of nutrients and oxygen through placenta. Conflicts of interest The author has none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.258 251 Serosal covering and the muscle coat of the appendix Swayam Jothi 1,∗ , H. Kommuru 2 , R.N. Rao 2 , J. Antony 2 1 Shri Sathya Sai Medical College & Research Institute, Nellikuppam, Kanchipuram, India 2 Sri Balaji Medical College & Research Institute, Chromepet, India
Aims and objectives: Appendix is a part of caecum and hence part of large intestine. It has no true mesentery. However peritoneal fold called mesentriole or mesentery of the appendix may be present. The characteristic features of large intestine namely the appendices epiploicae are not seen in caecum, appendix and rectum. We observed appendices epiploicae macroscopically and microscopically in appendices of 13 cadavers as well as in the appendices removed at surgery in 116 cases. Material and methods: The appendix from 75 cadavers was observed over a period of 5 years for the presence of mesentery and for the presence of appendices epiploicae macroscopically 405 appendices specimens removed at surgery and came to the department of pathology for biopsy report from SSSMC &RI, Kancheepuram were studied microscopically by H&E stain. Results: The mesentery extended along the entire length of the appendix in 34 cadavers. The AE were seen over thickened areas of the muscle coat of the appendix resembling taenia coli in 72 cases (62%) and they were also observed over thin areas of the muscle coat 44 cases (38%). Apart from the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers an additional outer circular layer of muscle coat was observed which could not be explained. In certain cases the muscle coat was attenuated and fibrosed. Conclusion: In the absence of a mesentery, whenever there is obstruction, distension and oedema of the lumen of appendix the peritoneal covering is stretched and formed small outpocketings called appendices epiploicae. Their presence over thickened area of the muscle coat is also in line with this hypothesis. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.259
goblet cells, neuroendocrine cells and very few Paneth cells (Gramlich TL). Mucosal hyperplasia of the appendix was first described by MacGillivray’ and is characterized by the presence of glands possessing a distinctive serrated appearance as a result of the papillary infolding of the lining epithelium. Hyperplastic lesions of the appendix come in two forms. Diffuse hyperplasia and hyperplastic polyps. Aim was to study the presence of hyperplastic epithelium in appendix and its causative factors. Material and methods: In this prospective and retrospective study, a total of 372 appendicectomy specimens received from the Department of Pathology of Shri Sathya Sai Medical College & Research Institute during a period of 4 years (2011–2014) were studied. All tissues were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and 5 mm thick sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: A typical appearance of mucosal hyperplasia was observed in 27 cases out of 372 cases of appendicectomy. The mean age of the patient was 41.15 and the ratio between male and female was 1: 1.9. Out of 27 cases, 8 cases exhibited that the lumen was occupied by the faecolith, 3 showed presences of faecolith and mucous material, 2 showed the presence of mucous material with dilatation of the lumen of the appendix 13 had necrosed material and tissue debris and in 1 lumen was empty. Eosinophils were observed along with the neutrophils and lymphocytes in the lamina propria of the appendix. Conclusion: Previous studies do not mention the causative factors for the mucosal hyperplasia of the appendix. In the present study most of the cases showed the presence of necrotic material, tissue debris and faecolith in the lumen. The presence of eosinophils shows allergic reaction in addition to inflammation leading chronic irritation causing hyperplastic epithelium. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.257 250 Study of histological changes in placenta of anaemic mothers Soni Ritu Bala Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Aims and objectives: 1. To study histology of normal/nonanaemic mothers placenta (control group) and of anaemic mothers placenta (case group). 2. To compare placental microscopic structure (histology) of case and control groups. Material and methods: 60 placenta; 30 from anaemic mothers (case group) and 30 from normal/non-anaemic mothers (control group) were taken for the study. 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm pieces were removed from both group of placenta and fixed in 10% formalin for 24 h then 2 mm section were taken and further used for processing (dehydration, clearing, embedding, sectioning by microtome, deparaffinisation, rehydration) and H&E (haematoxyline and eosin) staining. Results: Microscopic study revealed histomorphological abnormalities due to hypoxia comprise of some changes in placental structure like increased capillaries per villous, increased thickening of capillary basement membrane, trophoblastic basement membrane and of syncytiotrophoblast, increased fibrosis and appearance of syncytial knots, appearance of vasculosyncytial membrane.
S81
All these changes occurred for maintaining sufficient efficiency of placenta due to compensatory phenomena for fulfilling demand of oxygen in fetus. It means placenta is affected due to anemia. Conclusion: Anaemia which is very common in female during pregnancy, affect maternal blood, leading to hypoxia. It causes changes in microscopic (histological) structure of placenta and through this fetal outcome is also affected. Growth of fetus is intricately linked with that of placenta, because of transfer of nutrients and oxygen through placenta. Conflicts of interest The author has none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.258 251 Serosal covering and the muscle coat of the appendix Swayam Jothi 1,∗ , H. Kommuru 2 , R.N. Rao 2 , J. Antony 2 1 Shri Sathya Sai Medical College & Research Institute, Nellikuppam, Kanchipuram, India 2 Sri Balaji Medical College & Research Institute, Chromepet, India
Aims and objectives: Appendix is a part of caecum and hence part of large intestine. It has no true mesentery. However peritoneal fold called mesentriole or mesentery of the appendix may be present. The characteristic features of large intestine namely the appendices epiploicae are not seen in caecum, appendix and rectum. We observed appendices epiploicae macroscopically and microscopically in appendices of 13 cadavers as well as in the appendices removed at surgery in 116 cases. Material and methods: The appendix from 75 cadavers was observed over a period of 5 years for the presence of mesentery and for the presence of appendices epiploicae macroscopically 405 appendices specimens removed at surgery and came to the department of pathology for biopsy report from SSSMC &RI, Kancheepuram were studied microscopically by H&E stain. Results: The mesentery extended along the entire length of the appendix in 34 cadavers. The AE were seen over thickened areas of the muscle coat of the appendix resembling taenia coli in 72 cases (62%) and they were also observed over thin areas of the muscle coat 44 cases (38%). Apart from the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers an additional outer circular layer of muscle coat was observed which could not be explained. In certain cases the muscle coat was attenuated and fibrosed. Conclusion: In the absence of a mesentery, whenever there is obstruction, distension and oedema of the lumen of appendix the peritoneal covering is stretched and formed small outpocketings called appendices epiploicae. Their presence over thickened area of the muscle coat is also in line with this hypothesis. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.259