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Shotcrete for underground support as used on hydroelectric projects in Costa Rica
15A
781144 ESTIMATION OF SUPPORT LOAD REQUIReMENtS FOR UND.~qGROUND MINE oPENINGS BI COMPLFfEN S/~JLATION OF THE MINING SEQUENCE P~riseau, W G Tr~ns Soc Min Engr AI}4E, V262, N2, June 1977, PIO0-109 Finite elemeat ~qalysis provides a simple quantitative technique for simulating the effects of mining and face adwan~e on suPI~rt load requirements. The maxi~zn support lo~d can be estimated by the proposed design procedtu'e. 731145 TEC~NOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CAST CONCRETE FOR MINE SUPPORTS (IN GERMAN) KohutekiZ Gluckauf Forschungsh, V38, N~, June 1977, PIIO-II4 Discusses pilot scale investigations of the spreading process of cement mortar, equipment required for injection, number of injection holes, quantity of cement mortar and tim .= _ required. 781146 NEW TYPE OF STOPE SUPPORT ~) IMPROVE PRODUCTY{ITY IN SHAFTS AND STOPES Coetsee, J Assoc Min Mangr S Afr, Pap Discuss, 1974-1975 P131-142 Describes the use of a cement grout base pack using less material than the standard concrete brick sandwich pack. It consists of a 1.2m ~keleton pack capped with 3 or 4 layers of solid slabs, with a bag containing the cement grout suspended inside the skeleton portion. 781147 SHOTCRETE FOR UNDL-~GROUND SUPPORT AS USED ON HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS IN COSTA RICA Kobler, H G; Corrales, C L Paper t.~ Tttnnellir~g '76 conference, London, 1-5 March 1976, P69-82 Two projects are discussed, as follows. The Tap~qti tunnel, 47800ft long, 130sq ft horseshoeshaped cross-section, uses shotcrete as temporary and permanent support throughout the tunnel length. The Arenal River diversion tunnel, 200Oft long with a 480sq ft circular cross-section, uses coarse =aggregate shotcrete with light structural steel ribs as temporary support, ~ d a continuous reinforced shotcrete cast-in-place wall plate beam. 781148 INVESTIGATIONS OF LATEK CONCRETE FOR USE IN TUNNEL CONS'I~UCTION Rukin, V V Paper to Tunnelling '76 conference, London, 1-5 March, 1976, PI19-124, disc P147-149 Reports lab and model tests of latex concretes which have defor~%tion mo~11i lower by a factoc of 1.5-2.5 th~u conventional concrete. In situ examinations have also been carried out at the Nurek hydroelectric plant. Results indicate the material to be a promising and economical alternative for use in pressure t'l~nel s. 781149 P~FORM%NCE OF TUNNEL Sg-PPORT S ZSTE~M3 IN ~£E FOUR FATHOM MUDS IDNE Ward, W H; Coats, D J; Tedd, P Pap=_r to Tunnelling '76 conference, London, 1-5 March, 1976, P329-340, disc P348-367
An experimental tunnel of 3.3m diameter has been built in Carboniferous sediments to assist in the design and construction of water tunnels. The relationships between the rock structure, the sequence of rock falls, rock displacements, the progress of construction and the deformation and loadings in various supports are presented and discussed.
78115o NEW APPROACHES TO STEEL SUPPORTS FOR TONNELS AND MINES Billington, C J; Jacomb-Hood, E W Paper to Tunnelling '76 conference, London, 1-5 March, 1976, P349-357, disc P358-368 The concept of an unstiffened mild-steel plate lining of circular profile in ground for which flexible linings are appropriate is elaborated and the structural behaviour of such a lining is studied. The advantages of the concept are set out and possible economies are indicated by reference to a practical example. Standard steel H-section mining arches are examined and the increased strength of hollow box sections is illustrated. Corrosion of steel is considered and means to combat it are described.
Surface Structures Dams and embankments 781151 REgLECTIONS ON DESIGN DECISIONS OF PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE TO EMBANKMENT DAMS: 17TH RANKINE LECTURE de Mello, V F B Geoteehnique, V27, N3, 1977, P279-354 Design decisions for embankment dana are considered under two categories: those controlled by the statistics of extreme values and those related to the statistics and probability of averages. Important examples of the first g~foup ~re full interceptor filter-drainage inclined into the upstream zone, stereometric hindrs~nce seepage filtering, and the use of a grout buffer to homogenize a foundation zone. Within the statistics of averages, s.q optimised embsm_kment design method based on flow nets is proposed. Routine stability analyses are reappraised in terms of probabilistic factors of safety. 781152 ANALYSIS OF CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOUR OF MICA DAM Eisenstein, Z; Law, S T C J Geotech ~hgng Div ASCE, VI03, NGTS, 1977, P879-895 Proposes a method of analysis based on the finite element method that considers twodimensional consolidation, effects of sequential filling and construction stoppages, and nonlinear stress-strain properties of soils. Calculated and observed pore pressures and settlements agreed reasonably well for the Mica Dam, Canada. 781153 SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE GLOUCESTER TEST FILL LO, K Y; Bozozuk, M; Law, K T Can Geotech J, VI3, NS, Nov 1976, P339-354
781144 ESTIMATION OF SUPPORT LOAD REQUIReMENtS FOR UND.~qGROUND MINE oPENINGS BI COMPLFfEN S/~JLATION OF THE MINING SEQUENCE P~riseau, W G Tr~ns Soc Min Engr AI}4E, V262, N2, June 1977, PIO0-109 Finite elemeat ~qalysis provides a simple quantitative technique for simulating the effects of mining and face adwan~e on suPI~rt load requirements. The maxi~zn support lo~d can be estimated by the proposed design procedtu'e. 731145 TEC~NOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CAST CONCRETE FOR MINE SUPPORTS (IN GERMAN) KohutekiZ Gluckauf Forschungsh, V38, N~, June 1977, PIIO-II4 Discusses pilot scale investigations of the spreading process of cement mortar, equipment required for injection, number of injection holes, quantity of cement mortar and tim .= _ required. 781146 NEW TYPE OF STOPE SUPPORT ~) IMPROVE PRODUCTY{ITY IN SHAFTS AND STOPES Coetsee, J Assoc Min Mangr S Afr, Pap Discuss, 1974-1975 P131-142 Describes the use of a cement grout base pack using less material than the standard concrete brick sandwich pack. It consists of a 1.2m ~keleton pack capped with 3 or 4 layers of solid slabs, with a bag containing the cement grout suspended inside the skeleton portion. 781147 SHOTCRETE FOR UNDL-~GROUND SUPPORT AS USED ON HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS IN COSTA RICA Kobler, H G; Corrales, C L Paper t.~ Tttnnellir~g '76 conference, London, 1-5 March 1976, P69-82 Two projects are discussed, as follows. The Tap~qti tunnel, 47800ft long, 130sq ft horseshoeshaped cross-section, uses shotcrete as temporary and permanent support throughout the tunnel length. The Arenal River diversion tunnel, 200Oft long with a 480sq ft circular cross-section, uses coarse =aggregate shotcrete with light structural steel ribs as temporary support, ~ d a continuous reinforced shotcrete cast-in-place wall plate beam. 781148 INVESTIGATIONS OF LATEK CONCRETE FOR USE IN TUNNEL CONS'I~UCTION Rukin, V V Paper to Tunnelling '76 conference, London, 1-5 March, 1976, PI19-124, disc P147-149 Reports lab and model tests of latex concretes which have defor~%tion mo~11i lower by a factoc of 1.5-2.5 th~u conventional concrete. In situ examinations have also been carried out at the Nurek hydroelectric plant. Results indicate the material to be a promising and economical alternative for use in pressure t'l~nel s. 781149 P~FORM%NCE OF TUNNEL Sg-PPORT S ZSTE~M3 IN ~£E FOUR FATHOM MUDS IDNE Ward, W H; Coats, D J; Tedd, P Pap=_r to Tunnelling '76 conference, London, 1-5 March, 1976, P329-340, disc P348-367
An experimental tunnel of 3.3m diameter has been built in Carboniferous sediments to assist in the design and construction of water tunnels. The relationships between the rock structure, the sequence of rock falls, rock displacements, the progress of construction and the deformation and loadings in various supports are presented and discussed.
78115o NEW APPROACHES TO STEEL SUPPORTS FOR TONNELS AND MINES Billington, C J; Jacomb-Hood, E W Paper to Tunnelling '76 conference, London, 1-5 March, 1976, P349-357, disc P358-368 The concept of an unstiffened mild-steel plate lining of circular profile in ground for which flexible linings are appropriate is elaborated and the structural behaviour of such a lining is studied. The advantages of the concept are set out and possible economies are indicated by reference to a practical example. Standard steel H-section mining arches are examined and the increased strength of hollow box sections is illustrated. Corrosion of steel is considered and means to combat it are described.
Surface Structures Dams and embankments 781151 REgLECTIONS ON DESIGN DECISIONS OF PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE TO EMBANKMENT DAMS: 17TH RANKINE LECTURE de Mello, V F B Geoteehnique, V27, N3, 1977, P279-354 Design decisions for embankment dana are considered under two categories: those controlled by the statistics of extreme values and those related to the statistics and probability of averages. Important examples of the first g~foup ~re full interceptor filter-drainage inclined into the upstream zone, stereometric hindrs~nce seepage filtering, and the use of a grout buffer to homogenize a foundation zone. Within the statistics of averages, s.q optimised embsm_kment design method based on flow nets is proposed. Routine stability analyses are reappraised in terms of probabilistic factors of safety. 781152 ANALYSIS OF CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOUR OF MICA DAM Eisenstein, Z; Law, S T C J Geotech ~hgng Div ASCE, VI03, NGTS, 1977, P879-895 Proposes a method of analysis based on the finite element method that considers twodimensional consolidation, effects of sequential filling and construction stoppages, and nonlinear stress-strain properties of soils. Calculated and observed pore pressures and settlements agreed reasonably well for the Mica Dam, Canada. 781153 SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE GLOUCESTER TEST FILL LO, K Y; Bozozuk, M; Law, K T Can Geotech J, VI3, NS, Nov 1976, P339-354