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Silicate-stabilized sands
97A
Grouting 794205 SA~D TO SANDSTONE: FOUNDATION S T R E ~ N G WITH C H ~ C A L GROUT Graff, E I); Zache~, E G Civ Engng, NY, V49, N1, Jan 1979, P67-69 A large school, built in 1930, was in need of structural rehabilitation to eliminate earthquake hazards. Foumded on loose, wind blown fine sand, t h e footings were subject to damgerous differential settlement due to shock densification amd would be overloaded during seismic loading. Chemical grouting was used to increase the allowable bearing pressure and to reduce the volume of densifiable sand below the footings.
794206 EPOXY GROUT FOR mint FOUNDATION Engng Min J, V180, N2, Feb 1979, P95 Reports the use of epoxy grout in the foundation of a primary autogenOus mill gear drive which delivers nearly 3,000 h~ to an iron ore mill. 794207 IMPROVED TECHNIQUE FOR THE SEALING OF HEAVY WA~R-BEARING FISSURES IN D O L ~ S Coet see, J Assoc Mine Mamgr S Afr, Circ, N5, 1978, 16P Describes briefly a atrncttu~al amd permeability analysis of the dolomites within which the Western Areas Gold Mine lies, about 50kin southwest of Johannesburg. Grourdwater problems are discussed and t h e resttlts Of an investigation of fissure and fault orientation presented. Drilling and grouting techniques are described In detail. The grouting mix used for nearly all fissures was bentonite:cement:water in the ratio l:50:100. The project was related to the development of a new subvertical shaft in water bearing dolomite.
Groundwater control 7942o8 CONTROLLING GROUNDWATER LEVEL IN CITIES BY INFILTRATION EJerholm, K G; Spamgberg, B; Svensson, P L T1n'm Turmlg, VII, N3, April 1979, P31-33 In ms_n,yparts of the world, sl~sldence has occurred as a result of groundwater lowering with the consequent need for expensive remedial measures stud the payment of cOmpensation. The Kista infiltration tunnel near Stockholm, Sweden, has proved a viable alternative for controlling ~oumdwater levels in soils overlying rock. The infiltration system consists of a turmel in rock with a system of bereholes radiating from the tunnel to c o - - c a r e with the overlying soll via fissured zones in the rook. Water is supplied to the system via a well at groumd level through a casing pipe driven t h r o t ~ the soil and rock.
Soil stabilisation
7~2o9 SILl CA!~E-STABILIZED
SANDS Clougja, G W; Kuck, W M; Kasali, G J Geotech Engng Div ASCE, V105, NGT1, Jan
1979, P65-82 This paper presents the results of a series of tests designed to provide an e~gineering data
base to describe the bahavlo~r of silicatestabilized sands. It was foumd that the injection of the grout solution into the sand adds a cohesion compomemt to its stremgth without significantly altering its frictional compoment of stremgth. Key variables that influence the behaviour of the silicate are the grout mlx components, confining pressure, loading rate, curing e n v i r o n m e n t , c~rlng time, and grain size of the soil. Loading rate is important be:cause the grouted soil tends to creep with time and can fall in creep rupture. Only ~0 per cent of the stremgth defi~=d in a rapid load test can be relied upon for long-term load c ondltlons. 794210 SOME ENGINZ~ING PROPERTIES OF ELECTROCHEMICALLY TREATED BOMBAY MARINE CLAY Katti, R I(3 Thc~at, S S; Patwardhan, S H Proc International Symposium on Geotechmlcai Aspects of Soft Clays, Bamgkok, 5-6 July 1977, P663-674. Pt~l Bangkok: Asian Institute of Technology, 1977 R e l X ~ S a lab study of the hardenimg process in which calcium chloride chemical piles are used in the cathode zone. Parameters studied are time, void ratio, pH change and the zone of hsa-dening. Strength-defarmatlon characteristics were investigated after hardening. Peak strength value was not incmeased after 36 hrs. Maximum strength obtained was 11. 7 k ~ s q cm.
Soil compaction 794211 DYNAMIC CONSOLIDATION AT SURREY DOCKS Ground Engng, VI2, N1, Jan 1979, P32-34 A report of the use of the technique on an area of uncontrolled fill on two sites at the Surrey Docks, London, UK.
Freezing 794212 FREEZING SPEEDS Sk-rr.'P,y PROJECT Keeley, T Coal Age, V83, N6, June 1978, I~0-82 Reports the freezing of rock strata doom to 100Oft to expedite t h e sinking of shafts at 5 locations in the Selby coal field, UK. The main problem encountered is 8 thick zone of loose basal sands that occurs over the haulage-ways. 794213 CONgROLLING THE PROCESS OF ARTIFICIAL FREEZING OF ROCKS (IN RUSSIAN) Shparber, P A Shakhtnoe Strolt, N2, Feb 1978, P29-30 79421~ ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE OF CO~TROLLING THE ZONES
oF AR~IFICI~ z~xEzi~ i~ ~ sIA~')
sm~s
(IN RUS-
Minchuk, V P; Zhuk, E N Shaldrtnoe Stroit, Nll, Nov 1977, P10-14
Grouting 794205 SA~D TO SANDSTONE: FOUNDATION S T R E ~ N G WITH C H ~ C A L GROUT Graff, E I); Zache~, E G Civ Engng, NY, V49, N1, Jan 1979, P67-69 A large school, built in 1930, was in need of structural rehabilitation to eliminate earthquake hazards. Foumded on loose, wind blown fine sand, t h e footings were subject to damgerous differential settlement due to shock densification amd would be overloaded during seismic loading. Chemical grouting was used to increase the allowable bearing pressure and to reduce the volume of densifiable sand below the footings.
794206 EPOXY GROUT FOR mint FOUNDATION Engng Min J, V180, N2, Feb 1979, P95 Reports the use of epoxy grout in the foundation of a primary autogenOus mill gear drive which delivers nearly 3,000 h~ to an iron ore mill. 794207 IMPROVED TECHNIQUE FOR THE SEALING OF HEAVY WA~R-BEARING FISSURES IN D O L ~ S Coet see, J Assoc Mine Mamgr S Afr, Circ, N5, 1978, 16P Describes briefly a atrncttu~al amd permeability analysis of the dolomites within which the Western Areas Gold Mine lies, about 50kin southwest of Johannesburg. Grourdwater problems are discussed and t h e resttlts Of an investigation of fissure and fault orientation presented. Drilling and grouting techniques are described In detail. The grouting mix used for nearly all fissures was bentonite:cement:water in the ratio l:50:100. The project was related to the development of a new subvertical shaft in water bearing dolomite.
Groundwater control 7942o8 CONTROLLING GROUNDWATER LEVEL IN CITIES BY INFILTRATION EJerholm, K G; Spamgberg, B; Svensson, P L T1n'm Turmlg, VII, N3, April 1979, P31-33 In ms_n,yparts of the world, sl~sldence has occurred as a result of groundwater lowering with the consequent need for expensive remedial measures stud the payment of cOmpensation. The Kista infiltration tunnel near Stockholm, Sweden, has proved a viable alternative for controlling ~oumdwater levels in soils overlying rock. The infiltration system consists of a turmel in rock with a system of bereholes radiating from the tunnel to c o - - c a r e with the overlying soll via fissured zones in the rook. Water is supplied to the system via a well at groumd level through a casing pipe driven t h r o t ~ the soil and rock.
Soil stabilisation
7~2o9 SILl CA!~E-STABILIZED
SANDS Clougja, G W; Kuck, W M; Kasali, G J Geotech Engng Div ASCE, V105, NGT1, Jan
1979, P65-82 This paper presents the results of a series of tests designed to provide an e~gineering data
base to describe the bahavlo~r of silicatestabilized sands. It was foumd that the injection of the grout solution into the sand adds a cohesion compomemt to its stremgth without significantly altering its frictional compoment of stremgth. Key variables that influence the behaviour of the silicate are the grout mlx components, confining pressure, loading rate, curing e n v i r o n m e n t , c~rlng time, and grain size of the soil. Loading rate is important be:cause the grouted soil tends to creep with time and can fall in creep rupture. Only ~0 per cent of the stremgth defi~=d in a rapid load test can be relied upon for long-term load c ondltlons. 794210 SOME ENGINZ~ING PROPERTIES OF ELECTROCHEMICALLY TREATED BOMBAY MARINE CLAY Katti, R I(3 Thc~at, S S; Patwardhan, S H Proc International Symposium on Geotechmlcai Aspects of Soft Clays, Bamgkok, 5-6 July 1977, P663-674. Pt~l Bangkok: Asian Institute of Technology, 1977 R e l X ~ S a lab study of the hardenimg process in which calcium chloride chemical piles are used in the cathode zone. Parameters studied are time, void ratio, pH change and the zone of hsa-dening. Strength-defarmatlon characteristics were investigated after hardening. Peak strength value was not incmeased after 36 hrs. Maximum strength obtained was 11. 7 k ~ s q cm.
Soil compaction 794211 DYNAMIC CONSOLIDATION AT SURREY DOCKS Ground Engng, VI2, N1, Jan 1979, P32-34 A report of the use of the technique on an area of uncontrolled fill on two sites at the Surrey Docks, London, UK.
Freezing 794212 FREEZING SPEEDS Sk-rr.'P,y PROJECT Keeley, T Coal Age, V83, N6, June 1978, I~0-82 Reports the freezing of rock strata doom to 100Oft to expedite t h e sinking of shafts at 5 locations in the Selby coal field, UK. The main problem encountered is 8 thick zone of loose basal sands that occurs over the haulage-ways. 794213 CONgROLLING THE PROCESS OF ARTIFICIAL FREEZING OF ROCKS (IN RUSSIAN) Shparber, P A Shakhtnoe Strolt, N2, Feb 1978, P29-30 79421~ ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE OF CO~TROLLING THE ZONES
oF AR~IFICI~ z~xEzi~ i~ ~ sIA~')
sm~s
(IN RUS-
Minchuk, V P; Zhuk, E N Shaldrtnoe Stroit, Nll, Nov 1977, P10-14