- Email: [email protected]
Silver reclamation
M o d e l s a r e a v a i l a b l e for up to 13, 30, 65 and 200 c u r i e s of I r - 1 9 2 , and t h e r e a r e two r a n g e s , S e c u r a and Standard. T h e s e h a v e safety and m e c h a n i c a l f e a t u r e s in common, but the S e c u r a r a n g e h a s a n additional f l a s h i n g w a r n i n g b e a c o n o p e r a ted f r o m b a t t e r i e s in the body of the c o n t a i n e r , and also e l e c t r i c a l i n t e r l o c k f a c i l i t i e s . The c o n t a i n e r s c o n f o r m to i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o d e s of p r a c t i c e .
Wells-Krautkramer Ltd, Blackhorse Road, Lelchworth Hertfordshire. NON-CONTACT THICKNESS MEASUREMENT
LI
: :
P l u g - i n c i r c u i t b o a r d s a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d in t h i s r e - d e s i g n e d c o m p a r a t o r for m e a s u r i n g coating t h i c k n e s s on m e t a l s P o w e r supply i s by r e c h a r g e a b l e n i c k e l c a d m i u m cells; r e p a i r s have b e e n s i m p l i f i e d by the u s e of p l u g - i n c i r c u i t b o a r d s . T h e r e a r e about twenty a v a i l a b l e p r o b e s , including a f e r r e t p r o b e for u s e down pipes, and a s e t of six coil p r o b e s with d i a m e t e r s f r o m t/sin to 3in ( 3 - 7 6 m m ) . The Mk 3 m e a s u r e s 12 × 91/4 × 5~¢2in (305 × 230 × 140mm) and weighs 121b (5.4kg).
g l c o m e t e r Instruments Ltd, Fairfield Road, Droylsden, Manchester, England
A new s y s t e m f r o m the Hays C o r p o r a t i o n is d e s i g n e d for nonc o n t a c t m e a s u r e m e n t of s h e e t t h i c k n e s s e s down to 0. 005in ( 0 . 1 3 r a m ) . The M a g n a c a l m e a s u r i n g s y s t e m (Fig 23) c o n t a i n s two h e a d s , e a c h i n c o r p o r a t i n g a follower a i r nozzle, which f l o a t a t a c o n s t a n t d i s t a n c e f r o m the s u r f a c e of the s h e e t . The r e l a t i v e m o t i o n of the u p p e r and lower n o z z l e s r e p r e s e n t s t h i c k n e s s c h a n g e s in the s h e e t . T h i s r e l a t i v e m o t i o n is m e a s u r e d by a c o m b i n a t i o n of a m a g n e t i c s y s t e m c o m p r i s i n g a m a g n e t on the u p p e r and a n a r m a t u r e on the l o w e r head, and a s e n s i n g nozzle mounted on the l o w e r head to m e a s u r e b a c k p r e s s u r e c h a n g e s with r e s p e c t to the floating a r m a t u r e and c o n v e r t t h e m into s h e e t thickness changes. R e s p o n s e s p e e d is s a i d to b e l e s s t h a n l s e c . Scanning and s i n g l e point t r a v e r s i n g a r e a v a i l a b l e , and s y s t e m s a r e s u p plied to a c c o m n d a t e s h e e t s up to 90in ( 2 . 3 m ) wide. (The
Hays Corporation, 742 East Eighth Street, Michigan City, Indiana 46360, USA)
ISOTOPE CONTAINERS The new r a n g e of G a m m a i o k isotope c o n t a i n e r s , o b t a i n a b l e in the UK f r o m W e l l s - K r a u t k r a m e r Ltd, a r e of light, rugged c o n s t r u c t i o n ; the s h i e l d i n g m a t e r i a l i s e i t h e r depleted u r a n ium, tungsten, o r t u n g s t e n - l e a d alloy, and t h i s i s s u r r o u n d e d by a lightweight ' c a r c a s s ' . T h i s type of c o n s t r u c t i o n i s s a i d to e n s u r e c o m p l e t e h e r m e t i c s e a l i n g and r e n d e r the c o n tainers completely fireproof.
B
A new magnetic/pneumatic system for non-contact thickness measurement. Response speed is said to be less than lsec
INSULATION TESTER The new JP30 non-destructive insulation tester from Danbridge A/S is a 30kV instrument. It has three test voltage ranges, 0-3kV, 0-10kV and 0-30kV, and three leakage current ranges, 0-10A, 0-30gA and 0-100/~A. The m a x i m u m output current is 200~A. Fully transistorized,the instrument operates from 100-130V or 200-260V ac mains;typicai applications include transformer, capacitor, cable and tv production testing.
(Danbridge A / S , Copenhagen, Denmark. UK agents: Dawe Instruments Ltd, Concord Road, Western Avenue, London W3) SILVER RECLAMATION T w o large users of silver,faced with the prospect of shrinking supplies,are now offering special filters for reclaiming the metal. The water from developing and washing photo prints is passed through the filter before it is drained away. A cartridge in the filter is fittedwith fine steel wool and a precipitating solution,and the silver attaches itselfto the wool. The cartridge is renewed at intervals,and the old one goes to the silver user who recovers the metal. T h i s isotope c o n t a i n e r i s said to be c o m p l e t e l y f i r e p r o o f
One of the two firms said that a unit installed in the photo department of a newspaper recovered 336 troy ounces of n o n - d e s t r u c t i v e t e s t i n g May 1969
93
all you need
to get the most out of ultrasonic testing
Over 40 interchangeable plug-in modules are the keys to making ultrasonic testing as versatile as your application requires. Automation's formula starts with the U M Reflectoscope (~ which consists of an integral Display/Timer unit anda plug-in Pulser/Receiver Module. Teamed up with suitable search units, it is enough for most manual flaw detection tests. However, f o r automated production line testing, Automation has developed a broad range of plug-in modules designed to satisfy requirements from simple go-no-go applications to sophisticated multi-channel arrangements, using two or more decks of special function plug-in units. Custom built i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n w i t h o f f the shelf c o m p o n e n t s - - j o b matched test capabilities w i t h standard modules. Transigatestoestablish the areasoftest, Distance
Amplitude Correction (DAC) for accurate signal response in 'near field' and 'far field' zones, Thickness Readout, Process Timers, Pulse Counters, and all sorts of readout and signalling devices including strip chart, A-Scan and CScan recording, meter and numerical readouts, and control units for activating any material handling functions. Automation's Material Evaluation Group capabilities range through all the major non-destructive testing methods including Ultrasonic, X-ray, Eddy-Current, Magnetic Particle, Penetrants and Infrared, plus a complete range of Stress analysis products. For complete information on the wide-range versatilityofAutomation non-destructivetesting and stress analysis equipment, and NDT services, please contact
• ,~1
Automation Industries, U.K. 20-22HIGHSTREET.CAMBERLEY.SURREY
.%
0 iQ.
o |
Z 94
non-destructive testing May 1969
O 0
s i l v e r in 10 weeks--a s a v i n g of s o m e $ 4 0 a week at p r e s e n t p r i c e s . The a v e r a g e s i l v e r s a l v a g e f r o m b l a c k - a n d - w h i t e d e v e l o p e r is 0 . 6 ounce p e r gallon of solution. Such s a v i n g s r e p r e s e n t a s m a l l but s i g n i f i c a n t way in which any ndt s e c tion that u s e s a lot of x - r a y film can r e c o v e r s o m e of t h e i r costs.
(Handy and Harman, 850 Third Avenue, New YorTe City:USA. Eastman Kodak, 343 State St, Rochester, NY, USA)
The MAG 17 f r o m G e n a l e x (Fig 25) i s a c o m p a c t m i c r o w a v e s o u r c e o p e r a t i n g a t a low v o l t a g e - - n o r m a l l y 800-900V. It g e n e r a t e s up to 300W peak p o w e r at X - b a n d . The MAG 17 is r u g g e d in c o n s t r u c t i o n and weighs 240g.
(English Electric Vah:e Co Lld, Chelmsford, Esse.v, England. The M-O Vah'e Co Lid, Brook Green Works, Hammersmilh, London W6, England. In A~nerica: Melropolitan supply Co, 468 Park A venue Sotdh, Net(, York, N Y 10016, USA)
FIBRE OPTIC P E R I S C O P E S
A new British-made flexible periscope contains over 90, 000 glass fibres in a protective sheath. The periscope, from P. W. Allen & Co, is designed for viewing inaccessible mechanisms under test or in operation, and hidden areas in machinery where it is impracticable to use rigid periscopes (Fig 24). There are two standard models, 41in or 82in (I. 08 or 2. Im) in length; s p e c i a l l e n g t h s up to 12ft (4m) can be supplied. D i a m e t e r v a r i e s with the type of s h e a t h i n g , but is a p p r o x i m a t e l y l i n (25mm). The angle of view c a n be s t r a i g h t (as i l l u s t r a t e d ) or a t g0*; a n u m b e r of o b j e c t i v e l e n s e s a r e a v a i l a b l e giving f i e l d s of view f r o m 38 ° to 52 °. (P. W. Allen & Co, 253 Liverpool Road, London NI , England)
25 T h i s pulse m a g n e t r o n g e n e r a t e s up to 300W peak m i c r o w a v e power at a n o r m a l o p e r a t i n g voltage of 800-800V
TESTING SEMICONDUCTORS A new semiconductor test instrument from Pye Unicam Ltd is an example of testing that is certainly non-destructive, although hardly conventional ndt. It is the Philips PM 6509 (Fig 2G), designed to measure leakage current and breakdown voltage--two of the most common parameters of semiconductors. The P M 6509 employs a c o n s t a n t c u r r e n t / c o n s t a n t voltage mode of o p e r a t i o n c l a i m e d to p r o v i d e c o m p l e t e p r o t e c t i o n for the d e v i c e u n d e r t e s t . The i n s t r u m e n t c a n be u s e d with two, t h r e e or f o u r - e l e c t r o d e d e v i c e s , including pnp and npn t r a n s i s t o r s . It can m e a s u r e leakage c u r r e n t s of f r o m 3pc to 100mA at t e s t v o l t a g e s b e t w e e n 100mV and 1000V, and b r e a k down v o l t a g e s of up to 1000V. R e s i s t a n c e m e a s u r e m e n t s c a n a l s o be made in r a n g e s up to 100 t e r a o h m s (1014~). (Pye Unicam Ltd, York Street, Cambridge, England)
A f i b r e - o p t i c p e r i s c o p e for a p p l i c a t i o n s w h e r e r i g i d p e r i s c o p e s cannot be used
PULSE MAGNETRONS Two new pulse magnetrons are now available for differing applications. The English Electric M5058 has been developed for use in linear accelerators where a long pulse is required. It can operate with a pulse length up to 5~s, giving a peak output power of 1300kW and a mean output power of 2kW. It is tunable over the range 2994-3002MHz. The M5058 measures 14.75 x 6in (374.7 x 152.4ram) plus I. 188in (30.15ram) protrusion of the tuner knob. Net weight is 161b (7.3kg).
C o n s t a n t c u r r e n t / c o n s t a n t voltage o p e r a t i o n p r o t e c t s s e m i c o n d u c t o r s u n d e r t e s t with t h i s i n s t r u m e n t non-destructive testing May 1969
95
Wells-Krautkramer Ltd, Blackhorse Road, Lelchworth Hertfordshire. NON-CONTACT THICKNESS MEASUREMENT
LI
: :
P l u g - i n c i r c u i t b o a r d s a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d in t h i s r e - d e s i g n e d c o m p a r a t o r for m e a s u r i n g coating t h i c k n e s s on m e t a l s P o w e r supply i s by r e c h a r g e a b l e n i c k e l c a d m i u m cells; r e p a i r s have b e e n s i m p l i f i e d by the u s e of p l u g - i n c i r c u i t b o a r d s . T h e r e a r e about twenty a v a i l a b l e p r o b e s , including a f e r r e t p r o b e for u s e down pipes, and a s e t of six coil p r o b e s with d i a m e t e r s f r o m t/sin to 3in ( 3 - 7 6 m m ) . The Mk 3 m e a s u r e s 12 × 91/4 × 5~¢2in (305 × 230 × 140mm) and weighs 121b (5.4kg).
g l c o m e t e r Instruments Ltd, Fairfield Road, Droylsden, Manchester, England
A new s y s t e m f r o m the Hays C o r p o r a t i o n is d e s i g n e d for nonc o n t a c t m e a s u r e m e n t of s h e e t t h i c k n e s s e s down to 0. 005in ( 0 . 1 3 r a m ) . The M a g n a c a l m e a s u r i n g s y s t e m (Fig 23) c o n t a i n s two h e a d s , e a c h i n c o r p o r a t i n g a follower a i r nozzle, which f l o a t a t a c o n s t a n t d i s t a n c e f r o m the s u r f a c e of the s h e e t . The r e l a t i v e m o t i o n of the u p p e r and lower n o z z l e s r e p r e s e n t s t h i c k n e s s c h a n g e s in the s h e e t . T h i s r e l a t i v e m o t i o n is m e a s u r e d by a c o m b i n a t i o n of a m a g n e t i c s y s t e m c o m p r i s i n g a m a g n e t on the u p p e r and a n a r m a t u r e on the l o w e r head, and a s e n s i n g nozzle mounted on the l o w e r head to m e a s u r e b a c k p r e s s u r e c h a n g e s with r e s p e c t to the floating a r m a t u r e and c o n v e r t t h e m into s h e e t thickness changes. R e s p o n s e s p e e d is s a i d to b e l e s s t h a n l s e c . Scanning and s i n g l e point t r a v e r s i n g a r e a v a i l a b l e , and s y s t e m s a r e s u p plied to a c c o m n d a t e s h e e t s up to 90in ( 2 . 3 m ) wide. (The
Hays Corporation, 742 East Eighth Street, Michigan City, Indiana 46360, USA)
ISOTOPE CONTAINERS The new r a n g e of G a m m a i o k isotope c o n t a i n e r s , o b t a i n a b l e in the UK f r o m W e l l s - K r a u t k r a m e r Ltd, a r e of light, rugged c o n s t r u c t i o n ; the s h i e l d i n g m a t e r i a l i s e i t h e r depleted u r a n ium, tungsten, o r t u n g s t e n - l e a d alloy, and t h i s i s s u r r o u n d e d by a lightweight ' c a r c a s s ' . T h i s type of c o n s t r u c t i o n i s s a i d to e n s u r e c o m p l e t e h e r m e t i c s e a l i n g and r e n d e r the c o n tainers completely fireproof.
B
A new magnetic/pneumatic system for non-contact thickness measurement. Response speed is said to be less than lsec
INSULATION TESTER The new JP30 non-destructive insulation tester from Danbridge A/S is a 30kV instrument. It has three test voltage ranges, 0-3kV, 0-10kV and 0-30kV, and three leakage current ranges, 0-10A, 0-30gA and 0-100/~A. The m a x i m u m output current is 200~A. Fully transistorized,the instrument operates from 100-130V or 200-260V ac mains;typicai applications include transformer, capacitor, cable and tv production testing.
(Danbridge A / S , Copenhagen, Denmark. UK agents: Dawe Instruments Ltd, Concord Road, Western Avenue, London W3) SILVER RECLAMATION T w o large users of silver,faced with the prospect of shrinking supplies,are now offering special filters for reclaiming the metal. The water from developing and washing photo prints is passed through the filter before it is drained away. A cartridge in the filter is fittedwith fine steel wool and a precipitating solution,and the silver attaches itselfto the wool. The cartridge is renewed at intervals,and the old one goes to the silver user who recovers the metal. T h i s isotope c o n t a i n e r i s said to be c o m p l e t e l y f i r e p r o o f
One of the two firms said that a unit installed in the photo department of a newspaper recovered 336 troy ounces of n o n - d e s t r u c t i v e t e s t i n g May 1969
93
all you need
to get the most out of ultrasonic testing
Over 40 interchangeable plug-in modules are the keys to making ultrasonic testing as versatile as your application requires. Automation's formula starts with the U M Reflectoscope (~ which consists of an integral Display/Timer unit anda plug-in Pulser/Receiver Module. Teamed up with suitable search units, it is enough for most manual flaw detection tests. However, f o r automated production line testing, Automation has developed a broad range of plug-in modules designed to satisfy requirements from simple go-no-go applications to sophisticated multi-channel arrangements, using two or more decks of special function plug-in units. Custom built i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n w i t h o f f the shelf c o m p o n e n t s - - j o b matched test capabilities w i t h standard modules. Transigatestoestablish the areasoftest, Distance
Amplitude Correction (DAC) for accurate signal response in 'near field' and 'far field' zones, Thickness Readout, Process Timers, Pulse Counters, and all sorts of readout and signalling devices including strip chart, A-Scan and CScan recording, meter and numerical readouts, and control units for activating any material handling functions. Automation's Material Evaluation Group capabilities range through all the major non-destructive testing methods including Ultrasonic, X-ray, Eddy-Current, Magnetic Particle, Penetrants and Infrared, plus a complete range of Stress analysis products. For complete information on the wide-range versatilityofAutomation non-destructivetesting and stress analysis equipment, and NDT services, please contact
• ,~1
Automation Industries, U.K. 20-22HIGHSTREET.CAMBERLEY.SURREY
.%
0 iQ.
o |
Z 94
non-destructive testing May 1969
O 0
s i l v e r in 10 weeks--a s a v i n g of s o m e $ 4 0 a week at p r e s e n t p r i c e s . The a v e r a g e s i l v e r s a l v a g e f r o m b l a c k - a n d - w h i t e d e v e l o p e r is 0 . 6 ounce p e r gallon of solution. Such s a v i n g s r e p r e s e n t a s m a l l but s i g n i f i c a n t way in which any ndt s e c tion that u s e s a lot of x - r a y film can r e c o v e r s o m e of t h e i r costs.
(Handy and Harman, 850 Third Avenue, New YorTe City:USA. Eastman Kodak, 343 State St, Rochester, NY, USA)
The MAG 17 f r o m G e n a l e x (Fig 25) i s a c o m p a c t m i c r o w a v e s o u r c e o p e r a t i n g a t a low v o l t a g e - - n o r m a l l y 800-900V. It g e n e r a t e s up to 300W peak p o w e r at X - b a n d . The MAG 17 is r u g g e d in c o n s t r u c t i o n and weighs 240g.
(English Electric Vah:e Co Lld, Chelmsford, Esse.v, England. The M-O Vah'e Co Lid, Brook Green Works, Hammersmilh, London W6, England. In A~nerica: Melropolitan supply Co, 468 Park A venue Sotdh, Net(, York, N Y 10016, USA)
FIBRE OPTIC P E R I S C O P E S
A new British-made flexible periscope contains over 90, 000 glass fibres in a protective sheath. The periscope, from P. W. Allen & Co, is designed for viewing inaccessible mechanisms under test or in operation, and hidden areas in machinery where it is impracticable to use rigid periscopes (Fig 24). There are two standard models, 41in or 82in (I. 08 or 2. Im) in length; s p e c i a l l e n g t h s up to 12ft (4m) can be supplied. D i a m e t e r v a r i e s with the type of s h e a t h i n g , but is a p p r o x i m a t e l y l i n (25mm). The angle of view c a n be s t r a i g h t (as i l l u s t r a t e d ) or a t g0*; a n u m b e r of o b j e c t i v e l e n s e s a r e a v a i l a b l e giving f i e l d s of view f r o m 38 ° to 52 °. (P. W. Allen & Co, 253 Liverpool Road, London NI , England)
25 T h i s pulse m a g n e t r o n g e n e r a t e s up to 300W peak m i c r o w a v e power at a n o r m a l o p e r a t i n g voltage of 800-800V
TESTING SEMICONDUCTORS A new semiconductor test instrument from Pye Unicam Ltd is an example of testing that is certainly non-destructive, although hardly conventional ndt. It is the Philips PM 6509 (Fig 2G), designed to measure leakage current and breakdown voltage--two of the most common parameters of semiconductors. The P M 6509 employs a c o n s t a n t c u r r e n t / c o n s t a n t voltage mode of o p e r a t i o n c l a i m e d to p r o v i d e c o m p l e t e p r o t e c t i o n for the d e v i c e u n d e r t e s t . The i n s t r u m e n t c a n be u s e d with two, t h r e e or f o u r - e l e c t r o d e d e v i c e s , including pnp and npn t r a n s i s t o r s . It can m e a s u r e leakage c u r r e n t s of f r o m 3pc to 100mA at t e s t v o l t a g e s b e t w e e n 100mV and 1000V, and b r e a k down v o l t a g e s of up to 1000V. R e s i s t a n c e m e a s u r e m e n t s c a n a l s o be made in r a n g e s up to 100 t e r a o h m s (1014~). (Pye Unicam Ltd, York Street, Cambridge, England)
A f i b r e - o p t i c p e r i s c o p e for a p p l i c a t i o n s w h e r e r i g i d p e r i s c o p e s cannot be used
PULSE MAGNETRONS Two new pulse magnetrons are now available for differing applications. The English Electric M5058 has been developed for use in linear accelerators where a long pulse is required. It can operate with a pulse length up to 5~s, giving a peak output power of 1300kW and a mean output power of 2kW. It is tunable over the range 2994-3002MHz. The M5058 measures 14.75 x 6in (374.7 x 152.4ram) plus I. 188in (30.15ram) protrusion of the tuner knob. Net weight is 161b (7.3kg).
C o n s t a n t c u r r e n t / c o n s t a n t voltage o p e r a t i o n p r o t e c t s s e m i c o n d u c t o r s u n d e r t e s t with t h i s i n s t r u m e n t non-destructive testing May 1969
95