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Simulation and graphical animation of advanced manufacturing systems
Journalof ManufacturingSystems Volume 12/No. I
Cumulative Abstract Index
and repairs of the various components in the system, (3) provides the user with a wide range o f priority rules to select from, (4) enables the user to define his own rules if required, (5) produces reports on various vital system performance statistics and, (6) displays the movement of parts through the system on a refreshed CRT. This simulator is a modular, user-oriented package that allows the designer to evaluate a wide _range of systems with varied design parameters and select an efficient flexible manufacturing system. Keywords: Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Batch Manufacturing, Computer Simulation, Computer-Controlled Machine Shops, Computer-lntegrated Manufacture
1982~ Vol. 1/No. 1 A Survey of FlexibleManufacturing Systems, C. DupontGatehnand, pp. 1-16 The different, flexible manufacturing systems used for machining and assembling in the following countries are reviewed: the United States, Japan, the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, Italy, Great Britain, Sweden, Norway, France, Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Three categories of systems discussed are: (1) flexible modules and units (2) flexible transfer lines, and (3) "unaligned" flexible systems. Within each category are several subgroups divided according to the conveyor system and operating mode. The classification shows the effective position of the French in the field. Keywords: Automation, Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Production
Direct Clustering Algorithm for Group Formation in Cellular Manuf.acture, H. C .hun, D. Milner pp. 65-75 . . . . . I his paper aescrioes a new mgonmm mat has oeen uevelopea for forming component families and machine groups for cellular manufacture by progressively restructuring the machine component matrix. The method allows interaction from the user when exceptions and overlap between groups cause the iterative algorithm to prematurely stop. This is an effective and efficient approach that offers great flexibility in determining the optimum families and groups. The algorithm is specifically designed for computer use in dealing with large amounts ufdata obtain" able in realistic situations, although the procedures are simple and can be carried out manually for the analysis of small machine component matrices. Keywords: Cellular Manufacture, Group Analysis, Direct Clustering Algorithm, Multiple Machines, Exceptional Elements
The Automated Manufacturing Research Facility of the National Bureau ofStandarda, J. Simpson, R. Hocken, L Albus, pp. 17-31 A major facility for manufacturing research is being established at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). The facility is designed to provide extreme flexibility and to be capable of emulating a wide variety of manufacturing cells typical of a small machine job shop. The control architecture adopted is hierarchical in nature and highly modular. The facility will be used for research on interface standards and metrology in an automated environment. Keywords: Automated Machining, Hierarchical Control, Manufacturing Research, Research Facility
Job Shop Scheduling--A Systematic Approach, E. Dar-El, R.
Statistical Analysis of Positioning Error of a CNC Milling Machine, A. Donmez, C. Liu, M. Barash, F. Mirski, pp. 33-41
Wysk, pp. 77-88 A systematic analysis of shop performance versus different scheduling rules is presented in this paper using a computer simulation model o f a conventional job shop as a basis. The simulation model is used to identify dependent parameters such as shop load and service distribution for a set of scheduling rules. These conditions should represent different existing shop conditions. Six different scheduling rules and two different performance measures were used in the analysis. A complete statistical analysis and categorization of the simulation results were performed that produced some interesting anticipated as well as unanticipated results. Keywords: Scheduling, Sequencing, Production Control, Job Shop Analysis
The characteristics of the positioning error of a NC milling machine were studied through statistical analysis. It was found that (1) the mean of the error is significantly affected by the table position, (2) the variances of the error at different table positions are from the same population, and (3) the effect of the feedrate on positioning error is not significant. Also, a software correction technique was applied and workpiece error was decreased by 40%. Keywords: Machine Tool Accuracy, Error Map, Software Error Correction, Positioning Error, CNC, Statistics
The Human Element: Its Impact on the Productivity of Advanced Batch Manufacturing Systems, M. Blumberg, A. Alber, pp. 43-52 Introducing highly automated machinery that combines direct numerical controlcapabilities with automated material handling could potentially revolutionize batch production. However, experience suggests that projected uptime or utilization is not being achieved. Increased attention must be paid to employee satisfaction, motivation, incentive programs, and work group design. Keywords: Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Productivity, Socio-technical Systems, Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Batch Manufacturing, Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Technical Investment Planning of Flexible Manufacturing Systema--The Application of Practice-Oriented Methods, H. Warnecke, G. VeUin, pp. 89-98 A planning procedure and description of aids for the selection of components and the structuring of the overall flexible manufacturing system are introduced. Computer programs for the selection of machine tools and the simulation of the manufacturing process sequence are part of this procedure. The application of the methods is illustrated by means of several problem situations arising from industrial production companies. The examples show the practical usefulness of the developed auxiliary techniques. The planning accuracy possible by these methods reduces the investment risk associated with the use of these complex manufacturing systems. Keywords: Manufacturing Systems Justification, Technical Investment Planning, Manufacturing Economics, Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Simulation and Graphical Animation of Advanced Manufacturing Systems, H. EIMaraghy, pp. 53-63 This paper describes a general purpose discrete-event flexible manufacturing systems simulator (FIVISSIM). The package is programmed in FORTRAN and is capable of simulating different configurations, material handling systems, and topologies including bidirectional tracks. The simulator ( 1) checks blockage of routes due to interference of carts, (2) simulates random failures
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Cumulative Abstract Index
and repairs of the various components in the system, (3) provides the user with a wide range o f priority rules to select from, (4) enables the user to define his own rules if required, (5) produces reports on various vital system performance statistics and, (6) displays the movement of parts through the system on a refreshed CRT. This simulator is a modular, user-oriented package that allows the designer to evaluate a wide _range of systems with varied design parameters and select an efficient flexible manufacturing system. Keywords: Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Batch Manufacturing, Computer Simulation, Computer-Controlled Machine Shops, Computer-lntegrated Manufacture
1982~ Vol. 1/No. 1 A Survey of FlexibleManufacturing Systems, C. DupontGatehnand, pp. 1-16 The different, flexible manufacturing systems used for machining and assembling in the following countries are reviewed: the United States, Japan, the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, Italy, Great Britain, Sweden, Norway, France, Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Three categories of systems discussed are: (1) flexible modules and units (2) flexible transfer lines, and (3) "unaligned" flexible systems. Within each category are several subgroups divided according to the conveyor system and operating mode. The classification shows the effective position of the French in the field. Keywords: Automation, Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Production
Direct Clustering Algorithm for Group Formation in Cellular Manuf.acture, H. C .hun, D. Milner pp. 65-75 . . . . . I his paper aescrioes a new mgonmm mat has oeen uevelopea for forming component families and machine groups for cellular manufacture by progressively restructuring the machine component matrix. The method allows interaction from the user when exceptions and overlap between groups cause the iterative algorithm to prematurely stop. This is an effective and efficient approach that offers great flexibility in determining the optimum families and groups. The algorithm is specifically designed for computer use in dealing with large amounts ufdata obtain" able in realistic situations, although the procedures are simple and can be carried out manually for the analysis of small machine component matrices. Keywords: Cellular Manufacture, Group Analysis, Direct Clustering Algorithm, Multiple Machines, Exceptional Elements
The Automated Manufacturing Research Facility of the National Bureau ofStandarda, J. Simpson, R. Hocken, L Albus, pp. 17-31 A major facility for manufacturing research is being established at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). The facility is designed to provide extreme flexibility and to be capable of emulating a wide variety of manufacturing cells typical of a small machine job shop. The control architecture adopted is hierarchical in nature and highly modular. The facility will be used for research on interface standards and metrology in an automated environment. Keywords: Automated Machining, Hierarchical Control, Manufacturing Research, Research Facility
Job Shop Scheduling--A Systematic Approach, E. Dar-El, R.
Statistical Analysis of Positioning Error of a CNC Milling Machine, A. Donmez, C. Liu, M. Barash, F. Mirski, pp. 33-41
Wysk, pp. 77-88 A systematic analysis of shop performance versus different scheduling rules is presented in this paper using a computer simulation model o f a conventional job shop as a basis. The simulation model is used to identify dependent parameters such as shop load and service distribution for a set of scheduling rules. These conditions should represent different existing shop conditions. Six different scheduling rules and two different performance measures were used in the analysis. A complete statistical analysis and categorization of the simulation results were performed that produced some interesting anticipated as well as unanticipated results. Keywords: Scheduling, Sequencing, Production Control, Job Shop Analysis
The characteristics of the positioning error of a NC milling machine were studied through statistical analysis. It was found that (1) the mean of the error is significantly affected by the table position, (2) the variances of the error at different table positions are from the same population, and (3) the effect of the feedrate on positioning error is not significant. Also, a software correction technique was applied and workpiece error was decreased by 40%. Keywords: Machine Tool Accuracy, Error Map, Software Error Correction, Positioning Error, CNC, Statistics
The Human Element: Its Impact on the Productivity of Advanced Batch Manufacturing Systems, M. Blumberg, A. Alber, pp. 43-52 Introducing highly automated machinery that combines direct numerical controlcapabilities with automated material handling could potentially revolutionize batch production. However, experience suggests that projected uptime or utilization is not being achieved. Increased attention must be paid to employee satisfaction, motivation, incentive programs, and work group design. Keywords: Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Productivity, Socio-technical Systems, Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Batch Manufacturing, Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Technical Investment Planning of Flexible Manufacturing Systema--The Application of Practice-Oriented Methods, H. Warnecke, G. VeUin, pp. 89-98 A planning procedure and description of aids for the selection of components and the structuring of the overall flexible manufacturing system are introduced. Computer programs for the selection of machine tools and the simulation of the manufacturing process sequence are part of this procedure. The application of the methods is illustrated by means of several problem situations arising from industrial production companies. The examples show the practical usefulness of the developed auxiliary techniques. The planning accuracy possible by these methods reduces the investment risk associated with the use of these complex manufacturing systems. Keywords: Manufacturing Systems Justification, Technical Investment Planning, Manufacturing Economics, Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Simulation and Graphical Animation of Advanced Manufacturing Systems, H. EIMaraghy, pp. 53-63 This paper describes a general purpose discrete-event flexible manufacturing systems simulator (FIVISSIM). The package is programmed in FORTRAN and is capable of simulating different configurations, material handling systems, and topologies including bidirectional tracks. The simulator ( 1) checks blockage of routes due to interference of carts, (2) simulates random failures
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