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Simulation and optimization of methanol production from oil-gas containing CO2, (II). Process optimization
03 observed in chromatograms of the PFE extracts. No thermal degradation, as indicated by excess phenolic compound concentrations, was noted in any of the PFE extracts.
00/00139 Process for the auto-thermal reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock Christensen, P.S. et al. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 936,183 (Cl. COlB3/38), 18 Aug 1999, DK Appl. 1998/216, 17 Feb 1998. 5. The process for the soot-free auto-thermal steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock is presented. The procedure involves autothermally reforming the feedstock in an auto-thermal reactor at a given temperature and a given steam to carbon ratio in the feedstock. The operating pressure in the reactor is above a critical value, where no soot is present in the steam reformed feedstock is described. 00/00140
Pyrolytic recycling of waste rubber materials to
liquid fuel Ani, F. N. Jamil, M. K. Polym. Recycl., 1998, 3, (4), 255-261. A vast quantity of scrap tire is generated in Malaysia. The recycling of waste rubber products to the production of pyro-crude oil may be considered as the most promising conversion technology of recovering hydrocarbon liquid from the elemental components and TGA characteristics, a fluidized bed fast pyrolysis system was used for this conversion. The maximum oil yield was 53 wt% obtained at 525”. The liquid fuel which is less bulky and more convenient to handle than the original solid waste, may be used as raw fuel or upgraded by refining or hydrotreating or catalytic cracking processing to light hydrocarbon fuel. In order to characterize the chemical composition of liquid oil, FTIR and GCMS techniques were used. The fuel properties of the derived oils were analysed and compared with petroleum fuels.
Simulation and optimization of methanol production from oil-gas containing COz. (II). Process Optimization
Gaseous fuels (sources, properties, recovety, treatment)
results suggest that the particle break-up that occurred was along the narrow crack and did not cause continuous powders. However, the varying distribution of the catalyst a slight effect on the activity of the slurry F-T reaction. Raney Fe was superior to precipitated Fe in the separation during the recovery of the catalyst.
on Raney Fe formation of particle had In this point, from waxes
00100144 Synthesis and physicochemical methods of refining polyolester base oils Beran, E. and Gryglewicz, S. Per. Coal, 1999, 41, (l), 43-47. Studied in this paper is the use of waste carboxylic acids from the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane in the formation of polyoester base oils. A distillation-based method for purifying the waste acids was developed. Trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol were esterified with C,-C, carboxylic acids, producing base oils of viscosity corresponding to the grades IS010 and ISO22, with very low pour point and high viscosity index. In addition, the possibility of removing unreacted carboxylic acids from the esterification products by neutralization with calcium hydroxide, dehydration and filtration was tested. It was established that the undesirable hydrolytic cleavage of the tested polyolesters during neutralization can be prevented at low temperatures and short neutralization time.
00100145 Synthesized diesel-oil fuel Xia, Y. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,117,991 (CL ClOL1/22), 6 Mar 1996, Appl. 94,115,460, 30 Aug 1994. 5. (In Chinese) The synthesized diesel-oil fuel is produced by mixing crude benzene 50-70%, kerosene oil 25-46%, NaOH l-2% and nitrate (Et nitrate or Me nitrate) 0.1-0.3% for approximately 20 minutes.
00/00141
Zhang, L.Q. et al. Jisuanji Yu Yingyong Huaxue, 1999, 16, (4), 259-264. (In Chinese) The process optimization of methanol production from oil-gas containing carbon dioxide is assessed in this report, based on the simulation of the whole process. The simplified algebraic equations, instead of differential equations, are used to describe the units in the process, considering the mathematical complexity. The pressure at absorption tower intake, pressure of steam reforming furnace! compression pressure, ratio of HzO/C, reflex ratio of pre-distillation and reflex ratio of main distillation are taken as the decision variables in the optimization. Calculations of the consuming quantity of oil-gas and production cost are carried out at optimal state.
00100146 Synthetic liquid fuel and its production Sun, M. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,117,075 (Cl. ClOL1/30), 21 Feb 1996, Appl. 94, 108,561, 16 Aug 1994. 5. (In Chinese) Mixing MeOH 65-78, water 10-25, acetone 1-3,1-butano12-8, ethanol 2-8, ferrocene 0.005-0.01, a combustion promoter 0.005~.01, a 2829% NH.,OH solution l-3, and gasoline 3-10 wt% forms a stable liquid fuel. Combustion of the liquid fuel doesn’t result in the formation of malador or soot.
03
GASEOUS FUELS
Solvent deashin from heavy product of brown coal liquefaction using coaB-derived naphtha 00100142
Okuma, 0. et al. Fuel Process. Technol, 1999, 60, (2), 119-134. A two-stage liquefaction (hydrogenation) process is a brown coal liquefaction (BCL) process that has been developed for Victorian brown coal in Australia. In this process, the heavy liquefaction product (vacuum residue) derived from the coal in primary hydrogenation, which is named CLB (coal liquid bottom), is treated in a solvent at high temperature (200-290”) and high pressure (5 MPa) to remove the ash and heavy preasphaltenes (solvent deashing). Toluene or coal-derived naptha is often used as the deashing solvent in the solvent this solvent deashing step. After dissolving the CLB into the solvent, insoluble solid particles which consist of the ash and heavy preasphaltenes are settled by gravity and separated from the solution as an ash-concentrated slurry. The deashing efficiency (recovery of the heavy product and rate of ash removal) depends on the operating conditions and the properties of CLB and solvent, because they affect the extract yield from CLB, the settling velocity and concentration of the ash in the settler. This paper describes the stable operating conditions of the deashing plant using a coal-derived naphtha produced in the primary hydrogenation by discussing the effects of such parameters on the deashing efficiency. The deashing experiments with batch and continuous systems using the naphtha were carried out to determine the extract yield from CLB, the settling velocity of the ash boundary (Vi.,,) and the maximum ash content (Z,r) in underflow of the settler under the deashing conditions. According to the results of these experiments, the equations expressing CLB, Vi.,p and ZNP are introduced by using the deashing conditions, the naphtha density and the properties of CLB expressed by analytical results of ash content and solvent extraction. 00/00143 Study on the attrition of iron catalysts in slurry FT synthesis
Lu, Y. and Zhang, Z. Huaxue Fanying Gongcheng Yu Gongyi, 1999, 15, (4), 435-442. (In Chinese) The attrition phenomena of iron catalysts in slurry F-T synthesis processes were described on the basis of the mechanic strength theory. It was the Raney iron catalyst that the emphasis was placed upon. The
Sources, properties, recovery, treatment 00100147 Absorption characteristics of methane and ;;$;c;dioxide on fluorinated LaNi,.rAIR3 alloy hydride Iwata, K. et al. Kogakuin Daigaku Kenkyu Hokoku, 1999,86,29-33. (In Japanese) Hydriding alloys have been used to develop a methanation method. It was discovered that the absorbed carbon dioxide on hydride surfaces can react with the desorbed hydrogen from hydride to form methane. Through changing temperatures at low-temperature field, hydriding alloys can absorb and desorb hydrogen with ease. It is possible to convert carbon dioxide to methane by the pressure-temperature-swing method. It is most significant that fluorinated hydriding alloy surfaces absorb carbon dioxide. This work also investigates the absorption characteristics of carbon dioxide and methane.
00100146 Hydrogen production by reaction integrated novel gasification process
Hatano, H. er al. Chorinkai Saishin Gtjutsu, 1999, 3, 48-51. (In Japanese) A review of Hz production using a wide variety of processes, including a novel one developed by National Institute Resource Environment. The processes described are coal gasification, treatment of biomass with supercritical water and a novel process named HyPr-RING. The latter process is dependent upon the shift reaction, in which supercritical water is used to accelerate the reaction between carbon and steam and CaO is used to fii COz, which produces favourable equilibrium conditions for Hz production. CaO also works as an agent for sulfur and chlorine removal, resulting in a cleaner product. Thus, sludge, coal, spent plastics and wood were treated to produce theoretical levels of gaseous products.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2001
15
00/00139 Process for the auto-thermal reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock Christensen, P.S. et al. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 936,183 (Cl. COlB3/38), 18 Aug 1999, DK Appl. 1998/216, 17 Feb 1998. 5. The process for the soot-free auto-thermal steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock is presented. The procedure involves autothermally reforming the feedstock in an auto-thermal reactor at a given temperature and a given steam to carbon ratio in the feedstock. The operating pressure in the reactor is above a critical value, where no soot is present in the steam reformed feedstock is described. 00/00140
Pyrolytic recycling of waste rubber materials to
liquid fuel Ani, F. N. Jamil, M. K. Polym. Recycl., 1998, 3, (4), 255-261. A vast quantity of scrap tire is generated in Malaysia. The recycling of waste rubber products to the production of pyro-crude oil may be considered as the most promising conversion technology of recovering hydrocarbon liquid from the elemental components and TGA characteristics, a fluidized bed fast pyrolysis system was used for this conversion. The maximum oil yield was 53 wt% obtained at 525”. The liquid fuel which is less bulky and more convenient to handle than the original solid waste, may be used as raw fuel or upgraded by refining or hydrotreating or catalytic cracking processing to light hydrocarbon fuel. In order to characterize the chemical composition of liquid oil, FTIR and GCMS techniques were used. The fuel properties of the derived oils were analysed and compared with petroleum fuels.
Simulation and optimization of methanol production from oil-gas containing COz. (II). Process Optimization
Gaseous fuels (sources, properties, recovety, treatment)
results suggest that the particle break-up that occurred was along the narrow crack and did not cause continuous powders. However, the varying distribution of the catalyst a slight effect on the activity of the slurry F-T reaction. Raney Fe was superior to precipitated Fe in the separation during the recovery of the catalyst.
on Raney Fe formation of particle had In this point, from waxes
00100144 Synthesis and physicochemical methods of refining polyolester base oils Beran, E. and Gryglewicz, S. Per. Coal, 1999, 41, (l), 43-47. Studied in this paper is the use of waste carboxylic acids from the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane in the formation of polyoester base oils. A distillation-based method for purifying the waste acids was developed. Trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol were esterified with C,-C, carboxylic acids, producing base oils of viscosity corresponding to the grades IS010 and ISO22, with very low pour point and high viscosity index. In addition, the possibility of removing unreacted carboxylic acids from the esterification products by neutralization with calcium hydroxide, dehydration and filtration was tested. It was established that the undesirable hydrolytic cleavage of the tested polyolesters during neutralization can be prevented at low temperatures and short neutralization time.
00100145 Synthesized diesel-oil fuel Xia, Y. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,117,991 (CL ClOL1/22), 6 Mar 1996, Appl. 94,115,460, 30 Aug 1994. 5. (In Chinese) The synthesized diesel-oil fuel is produced by mixing crude benzene 50-70%, kerosene oil 25-46%, NaOH l-2% and nitrate (Et nitrate or Me nitrate) 0.1-0.3% for approximately 20 minutes.
00/00141
Zhang, L.Q. et al. Jisuanji Yu Yingyong Huaxue, 1999, 16, (4), 259-264. (In Chinese) The process optimization of methanol production from oil-gas containing carbon dioxide is assessed in this report, based on the simulation of the whole process. The simplified algebraic equations, instead of differential equations, are used to describe the units in the process, considering the mathematical complexity. The pressure at absorption tower intake, pressure of steam reforming furnace! compression pressure, ratio of HzO/C, reflex ratio of pre-distillation and reflex ratio of main distillation are taken as the decision variables in the optimization. Calculations of the consuming quantity of oil-gas and production cost are carried out at optimal state.
00100146 Synthetic liquid fuel and its production Sun, M. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,117,075 (Cl. ClOL1/30), 21 Feb 1996, Appl. 94, 108,561, 16 Aug 1994. 5. (In Chinese) Mixing MeOH 65-78, water 10-25, acetone 1-3,1-butano12-8, ethanol 2-8, ferrocene 0.005-0.01, a combustion promoter 0.005~.01, a 2829% NH.,OH solution l-3, and gasoline 3-10 wt% forms a stable liquid fuel. Combustion of the liquid fuel doesn’t result in the formation of malador or soot.
03
GASEOUS FUELS
Solvent deashin from heavy product of brown coal liquefaction using coaB-derived naphtha 00100142
Okuma, 0. et al. Fuel Process. Technol, 1999, 60, (2), 119-134. A two-stage liquefaction (hydrogenation) process is a brown coal liquefaction (BCL) process that has been developed for Victorian brown coal in Australia. In this process, the heavy liquefaction product (vacuum residue) derived from the coal in primary hydrogenation, which is named CLB (coal liquid bottom), is treated in a solvent at high temperature (200-290”) and high pressure (5 MPa) to remove the ash and heavy preasphaltenes (solvent deashing). Toluene or coal-derived naptha is often used as the deashing solvent in the solvent this solvent deashing step. After dissolving the CLB into the solvent, insoluble solid particles which consist of the ash and heavy preasphaltenes are settled by gravity and separated from the solution as an ash-concentrated slurry. The deashing efficiency (recovery of the heavy product and rate of ash removal) depends on the operating conditions and the properties of CLB and solvent, because they affect the extract yield from CLB, the settling velocity and concentration of the ash in the settler. This paper describes the stable operating conditions of the deashing plant using a coal-derived naphtha produced in the primary hydrogenation by discussing the effects of such parameters on the deashing efficiency. The deashing experiments with batch and continuous systems using the naphtha were carried out to determine the extract yield from CLB, the settling velocity of the ash boundary (Vi.,,) and the maximum ash content (Z,r) in underflow of the settler under the deashing conditions. According to the results of these experiments, the equations expressing CLB, Vi.,p and ZNP are introduced by using the deashing conditions, the naphtha density and the properties of CLB expressed by analytical results of ash content and solvent extraction. 00/00143 Study on the attrition of iron catalysts in slurry FT synthesis
Lu, Y. and Zhang, Z. Huaxue Fanying Gongcheng Yu Gongyi, 1999, 15, (4), 435-442. (In Chinese) The attrition phenomena of iron catalysts in slurry F-T synthesis processes were described on the basis of the mechanic strength theory. It was the Raney iron catalyst that the emphasis was placed upon. The
Sources, properties, recovery, treatment 00100147 Absorption characteristics of methane and ;;$;c;dioxide on fluorinated LaNi,.rAIR3 alloy hydride Iwata, K. et al. Kogakuin Daigaku Kenkyu Hokoku, 1999,86,29-33. (In Japanese) Hydriding alloys have been used to develop a methanation method. It was discovered that the absorbed carbon dioxide on hydride surfaces can react with the desorbed hydrogen from hydride to form methane. Through changing temperatures at low-temperature field, hydriding alloys can absorb and desorb hydrogen with ease. It is possible to convert carbon dioxide to methane by the pressure-temperature-swing method. It is most significant that fluorinated hydriding alloy surfaces absorb carbon dioxide. This work also investigates the absorption characteristics of carbon dioxide and methane.
00100146 Hydrogen production by reaction integrated novel gasification process
Hatano, H. er al. Chorinkai Saishin Gtjutsu, 1999, 3, 48-51. (In Japanese) A review of Hz production using a wide variety of processes, including a novel one developed by National Institute Resource Environment. The processes described are coal gasification, treatment of biomass with supercritical water and a novel process named HyPr-RING. The latter process is dependent upon the shift reaction, in which supercritical water is used to accelerate the reaction between carbon and steam and CaO is used to fii COz, which produces favourable equilibrium conditions for Hz production. CaO also works as an agent for sulfur and chlorine removal, resulting in a cleaner product. Thus, sludge, coal, spent plastics and wood were treated to produce theoretical levels of gaseous products.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2001
15