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Simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous casting machine mold
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
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Simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous casting machine mold V.I. Odinokov a, E.A. Dmitriev b, A.I. Evstigneev a,b,⇑ a b
Lenina 27, Komsomolsk-na-Amure State University, 681013, Russia Metallurgov 1, Institute of Manufacturing and Metallurgy, Far-North Region, Russian Academy of Sciences, 681005, Russia
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 6 May 2019 Received in revised form 15 July 2019 Accepted 22 July 2019 Available online xxxx Keywords: Numerical simulation Metal flow Molten metal temperatures Flow velocity Crystallizer
a b s t r a c t Results of metal flow kinematics and temperature field calculation in the molds during molten metal pouring are presented. Navier-Stokes equations, heat transfer equations for flowing fluid and numerical gating technique were applied as the basis for calculations. The developed mathematical model allows studying molten metal flow kinematics in the mold and temperature field in various modes of pouring. Results of solutions are presented in a graphical form. Metal flow kinetics is analyzed and various modes of metal pouring are compared. Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Modern Trends in Manufacturing Technologies and Equipment 2019.
1. Introduction Quality structure of the continuous cast billets is largely dependent on the mode of metal pouring into the continuous steel casting mold [1–3]. In contrast to the conventional mode when metal is poured from the tundish into the mold through the closedbottom submerged entry nozzle outlet ports located at 180° angle to each other, a number of new methods of liquid metal pouring into the mold from the submerged entry nozzle are proposed to create conditions contributing to more even flow of molten metal over the mold walls and to achieving homogeneous structure around the billet perimeter. These include arrangement of outlet ports at various angles [4] or eccentrically [4], installation of several submerged entry nozzles [5], and electromagnetic stirring of molten metal in the mold [6], etc. Various mathematical models are known that consider effect of molten metal stirring on the steel cooling rate and that do not require application of the fluid flow equations [7–14]. Analysis of the above specified and other publications shows that vast knowledge was accumulated as related to simulation of fluid dynamics and heat exchange in the continuous steel casting molds.
⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (A.I. Evstigneev).
However, known mathematical models describing the process of molten metal pouring into the mold use oversimplified assumptions. Generally, obtaining analytical solutions for molten metal flow is an extremely complex mathematical problem. However, accurate solutions for certain special cases are found. As a rule, such analytical solutions allow checking results of the numerical computations. Navier-Stokes equations serve as basis for the mathematical model applied herein. Molten metal flow in the mold is poorly studied. In general, the analytical solutions for molten metal relate to the complex mathematical problems and thus numerical methods are applied to simulate this process. One of the numerical methods proposed by Professor V. I. Odinokov is specified in [15] and mathematical models of molten metal flow process applying such numerical method are described in [16–18]. The purpose of the article is to summarize the results of studies conducted over the recent years in the field of numerical simulation of mold filling with molten metal in various process modes of molten metal pouring proposed by the authors. A calculation method is described in the above specified publications, namely a system of constitutive equations, numerical method, numerical scheme and algorithm of solution. Thus, the authors considered it proper not to reproduce them herein but rather refer the readers to the original publications [16–18]. The
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.596 2214-7853/Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Modern Trends in Manufacturing Technologies and Equipment 2019.
Please cite this article as: V. I. Odinokov, E. A. Dmitriev and A. I. Evstigneev, Simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous casting machine mold, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.596
2
V.I. Odinokov et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
outcome of the study is results of the numerical problem solving, in particular, diagrams of molten metal flows and temperatures at various levels in the mold. Fig. 1(a–c) shows the diagrams of the studied processes of steel pouring into the mold. Case (a) – conventional mode of molten metal pouring into the mold through the submerged entry nozzle with symmetrically arranged outlet ports. Case (b) – submerged entry nozzle with eccentrically arranged outlet ports. Case (c) – metal pouring onto the deflector of required configuration. Molten metal is poured from a tundish 1 through a submerged entry nozzle 2 and outlet ports 3 into a water-cooled mold 4. Due to heat removal, solid shell 5 is formed next to the mold walls which is pulled out from the mold at pre-set rate using special pull-out devices. Eccentrically arranged outlet ports in the submerged entry nozzle [18] allow more intensive homogenization of molten metal in horizontal plane in primary and secondary cooling zones compared to the conventional method. Use of deflector 6 [18] installed in the mold on brackets allows molten metal pouring on the round deflector first and then metal distribution horizontally toward the mold walls. 2. Research methodology 2.1. Setting a problem To facilitate problem solving, square submerged entry nozzle was used [16,17] and thickening shell was ignored. A formalized computational scheme of the process was established and developed for every specific case considering the above. For cases ‘‘a” and ‘‘c” (Fig. 1) the problem was solved taking into account a dual-plane symmetry. Volume of metal exiting each outlet port and therefore metal flow kinematics can be changed by changing the geometry of the outlet ports. Temperature of molten steel flowing through the nozzle outlet port was specified as being 1600 °C, k = 29 W/(mK), C = 444.47 J/ (kgK), c = 7.8 g/cm3 Viscosity index is l ¼ 2:1 104 kg s=m2 [19]. Nozzle surface temperature was set to 1550 °C based on test data. 3. Results Initial variables provided in [16–18] were set to compare metal flow kinematics in the mold. Some results of the solution are represented in Figs. 2–6.
Fig. 2. Vector Field of Metal Flow Velocities in the Vertical Longitudinal Plane of Symmetry of the Mold (a) and Vector Length vs Flow Velocity Diagram (b).
Fig. 2 (conventional pouring mode) shows calculation results for metal flowing in the vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry of the mold in the form of vector velocity field (f) and vector length vs flow velocity diagram (b). Circular flow of metal is observed below the mold in all sections. Fig. 3 shows a temperature field in the mold as per Fig. 1(a). There is a local high temperature area on the mold wall due to directed flow of the hot metal exiting the submerged entry nozzle outlet port. Metal temperature in the mold is almost 1600 °C. Viscosity index changes by 25% according to [19]. Calculation results evidence that even if l is changed by a factor of two, metal flow kinematics will virtually not change. In view of low l value, r11 ¼ r22 ¼ r33 ¼ r is obtained for each element distributed in the area depending on the element depth. Minor pressure rise is observed only in the area of metal jet exiting the submerged entry
Fig. 1. Diagram of Metal Pouring into the Mold through the Closed-Bottom Submerged Entry Nozzle with Symmetrically (a) and Eccentrically (b) Arranged Outlet Ports onto the Deflector (c): (1) tundish; (2) submerged entry nozzle; (3) submerged entry nozzle outlet ports; (4) water-cooled mold; (5) solid shell; (6) deflector; (7) bracket.
Please cite this article as: V. I. Odinokov, E. A. Dmitriev and A. I. Evstigneev, Simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous casting machine mold, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.596
V.I. Odinokov et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
3
Fig. 3. Temperature Field in the Mold as per Fig. 1(a).
Fig. 4. (a) Vector Field of the Liquid Metal Flow Velocities in the Horizontal Plane at the Level of Submerged Entry Nozzle Outlet Ports for the Case shown in Fig. 1(b); (b) Vector Length vs Flow Velocity Diagram.
nozzle exceeding pressure at this level by 4103 Pa. Pressure rapidly lowers along the longitudinal section of the mold. Fig. 4 shows vector field of molten metal flow velocities in the horizontal plane at the level of submerged entry nozzle outlet ports according to Fig. 1b (a) and vector length vs flow velocity diagram (b). It is obvious that molten metal intensively flows over the right and left sides of the mold wall. Fig. 5 shows vector field of metal flow velocities in the broad vertical plane of the mold edge for case shown in Fig. 1b (a) and vector length vs flow velocity diagram (b). Vortex is just in the center of the vertical wall in its upper part.
Fig. 6 shows vector field of velocities in the vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry of the mold for the mode of metal pouring into the mold as shown in Fig. 1c (a) and vector length vs flow velocity diagram (b). In contrast to the conventional mode of metal pouring described in [16,17], smoother (as related to flow velocities) flow over the vertical mold wall is observed in mode involving use of deflector. This is quite understandable, of course. Velocity of metal exiting the outlet port specified in [16,17] is 163 cm/s and only 70 cm/s when the above pouring mode is applied. Vortex (Fig. 6) is closer to the surface of the vertical mold wall. During conventional metal pouring the vortex is closer to the center.
Please cite this article as: V. I. Odinokov, E. A. Dmitriev and A. I. Evstigneev, Simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous casting machine mold, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.596
4
V.I. Odinokov et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
5. Discussion Efficiency of applying numerical simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous steel/billet casting machine mold is demonstrated. Using the mathematical model, such simulation allows determining the velocity field and metal temperature in the mold depending on the volume of metal exiting submerged entry nozzle outlet ports. Proposal regarding more intense stirring of molten metal when using the submerged entry nozzle with eccentrically arranged outlet ports is confirmed. Use of the deflector allows more even flow over the entire inner surface of the mold in horizontal section. This structure is simpler and cheaper to manufacture than closed-bottom submerged nozzles with outlet ports and homogeneity of the solidifying metal structure in the horizontal plane is ensured. Acknowledgements Fig. 5. (a) Vector Field of Metal Flow Velocities in the Broad Vertical Plane of the Mold Edge for the Case Shown in Fig. 1(b); (b) Vector Length vs Flow Velocity Diagram.
The study was conducted under the governmental assignment No. 075-00414-19-00. A. I. Gornakov, Ph.D. in Engineering Science, participated in processing of the research results. References
Fig. 6. (a) Vector Field of Velocities in the Vertical Longitudinal Plane of Symmetry of the Mold for the Case Shown in Fig. 1(c); (b) Vector Length vs Flow Velocity Diagram.
4. Discussion Problem solving results show that proposed modes of liquid metal pouring into the mold have an advantage over the conventional mode. Molten metal flows over the mold walls more evenly as evidenced by metal flows (Fig. 6) compared to metal flows in the conventional mode as described in [16]. New proposed modes of molten metal pouring into the mold are more beneficial than conventional ones. Structure of the billet will be more homogeneous than in conventional case in response to smoother flow of molten metal over vertical mold walls.
[1] D.A. Dyudkin, V.V. Kisilenko, A.P. Smirnov, Production of steel, Continuous Casting of Metal., Teplotekhnik, Moscow, 2009. [2] V.A. Efimov, Steel Casting and Crystallization, Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1976. [3] A.D. Akimenko, V.E. Girksiy, A.I. Guskov, Impact of methods for metal supply to the mold on formation of core zone of square billet, Steel 5 (1973) 408–409. [4] V.V. Stulov, V.A. Matysik, T.V. Novikov, S.V. Shcherbakov, I.V. Chistyakov, A.P. Plotnikov, Development of New Method of Casting of Slab Blanks by Using Continuous Casting Machine, Dalnauka, Vladivos-tok, 2008. [5] S.V. Kuberskiy, S.O. Semiryagin, O.V. Fedorov, Calculations of process and design parameters of continuous casting, Machine: Teaching Aids, Alchevsk DonSTU (2006). [6] A.A. Smirnov, V.M. Niskovskikh, V.I. Kulikov, Research of the process of electromagnetic mixing of metal in the slab continuous casting machine, advancement of structures, research and calculation of continuous casting machines for casting blanks: collection of learned works, VNIIMETMASH, Moscow (1987) 85–90. [7] Kohn, A., Morillon Y. Etnde mathematique de la solidification des lingots en acier midur / A. Kohn, Y. Morillon // Revue de Metallurgie. – 1966. V.63. N 10. P.779-790. [8] E. Mathematical Mizikar, Heat transfer model for solidification of continuons cast steel slabs / E. Mizikar, Trans. Metallurgical Soc. AIME. 239 (11) (1967) 1747. [9] J. Szekely, On heat transfer and liquid mixind in the continuous casting of steel / J. Szekely, V. Stanek, Metall. Trans. 1 (1) (1970) 119. [10] Z.K. Kabakov, Mathematical Simulation of Thermal Processes in Solidifying Ingot during Liquid Core Mixting / Z. K. Kabakov, N. A. Kilimik, Yu. A. Samoilovich // Izvestia VUZov, Iron Industry, 1989, pp. 113–119. [11] V.V. Sobolev, Optimization of thermal behaviour of melt solidification / V. V. Vorobyev, P. M. Trefilov, Krasnoyarsk, KGU, 1986, p. 152. [12] Kulagin, Yu. A. Study of Heat Ex-change in Cooling Channels in CPP Mold / Yu. A. Kalugin, S. V. Sorokin - Vologda: VPI. 1987. – 25 p. [13] Yu A. Samoilovich, Determination of optimal ingot cooling modes for continuous pouring / Yu. A. Samoilovich, D. G. Sedyako, Yu. A. Malevich // Izvestia VUZov, Iron Industry, 1989, pp. 103–106. [14] V.M. Niskovskikh, Design of high-capacity slab CPP / V.M. Niskovskikh, Thesis of Candidate of Science, Sverdlovsk 90 (1981). [15] V.I. Odinokov, Numerical study of material deformation applying coordinatefree technique, Vladivostok: Dalnauka (1995) 168. [16] V.I. Odinokov, E.A. Dmitriev, A.I. Evstigneev, Numerical simulation of liquid metal pouring into the continuous steel/billet casting machine mold // Izvestia VUZov, Iron Industry 60 (6) (2017) 493–499. [17] Mathematical Simulation of Metal Flow during Pouring through the Submerged Entry Nozzle with Eccentrically Arranged Outlet Ports / V. I. Odinokov, E. A. Dmitriev, A. I. Evstigneev. Izvestia VUZov. Iron Industry. – 2018. - No. 8. – p. 606-612. [18] Numerical Simulation of Liquid Metal Pouring into the Mold with a Deflector / V. I. Odinokov, A. I. Evstigneev, E. A. Dmitriev. / Izvestia VUZov. Iron Industry. – 2019. - No. 8. [19] Kim W.S. Simplified, Phenomenologi-cal theory of viscosity for liquid metals, Tong-Seek Cheir.-Bull Korean Chem. Soc. 22 (1) (2001).
Please cite this article as: V. I. Odinokov, E. A. Dmitriev and A. I. Evstigneev, Simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous casting machine mold, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.596
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr
Simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous casting machine mold V.I. Odinokov a, E.A. Dmitriev b, A.I. Evstigneev a,b,⇑ a b
Lenina 27, Komsomolsk-na-Amure State University, 681013, Russia Metallurgov 1, Institute of Manufacturing and Metallurgy, Far-North Region, Russian Academy of Sciences, 681005, Russia
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 6 May 2019 Received in revised form 15 July 2019 Accepted 22 July 2019 Available online xxxx Keywords: Numerical simulation Metal flow Molten metal temperatures Flow velocity Crystallizer
a b s t r a c t Results of metal flow kinematics and temperature field calculation in the molds during molten metal pouring are presented. Navier-Stokes equations, heat transfer equations for flowing fluid and numerical gating technique were applied as the basis for calculations. The developed mathematical model allows studying molten metal flow kinematics in the mold and temperature field in various modes of pouring. Results of solutions are presented in a graphical form. Metal flow kinetics is analyzed and various modes of metal pouring are compared. Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Modern Trends in Manufacturing Technologies and Equipment 2019.
1. Introduction Quality structure of the continuous cast billets is largely dependent on the mode of metal pouring into the continuous steel casting mold [1–3]. In contrast to the conventional mode when metal is poured from the tundish into the mold through the closedbottom submerged entry nozzle outlet ports located at 180° angle to each other, a number of new methods of liquid metal pouring into the mold from the submerged entry nozzle are proposed to create conditions contributing to more even flow of molten metal over the mold walls and to achieving homogeneous structure around the billet perimeter. These include arrangement of outlet ports at various angles [4] or eccentrically [4], installation of several submerged entry nozzles [5], and electromagnetic stirring of molten metal in the mold [6], etc. Various mathematical models are known that consider effect of molten metal stirring on the steel cooling rate and that do not require application of the fluid flow equations [7–14]. Analysis of the above specified and other publications shows that vast knowledge was accumulated as related to simulation of fluid dynamics and heat exchange in the continuous steel casting molds.
⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (A.I. Evstigneev).
However, known mathematical models describing the process of molten metal pouring into the mold use oversimplified assumptions. Generally, obtaining analytical solutions for molten metal flow is an extremely complex mathematical problem. However, accurate solutions for certain special cases are found. As a rule, such analytical solutions allow checking results of the numerical computations. Navier-Stokes equations serve as basis for the mathematical model applied herein. Molten metal flow in the mold is poorly studied. In general, the analytical solutions for molten metal relate to the complex mathematical problems and thus numerical methods are applied to simulate this process. One of the numerical methods proposed by Professor V. I. Odinokov is specified in [15] and mathematical models of molten metal flow process applying such numerical method are described in [16–18]. The purpose of the article is to summarize the results of studies conducted over the recent years in the field of numerical simulation of mold filling with molten metal in various process modes of molten metal pouring proposed by the authors. A calculation method is described in the above specified publications, namely a system of constitutive equations, numerical method, numerical scheme and algorithm of solution. Thus, the authors considered it proper not to reproduce them herein but rather refer the readers to the original publications [16–18]. The
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.596 2214-7853/Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Modern Trends in Manufacturing Technologies and Equipment 2019.
Please cite this article as: V. I. Odinokov, E. A. Dmitriev and A. I. Evstigneev, Simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous casting machine mold, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.596
2
V.I. Odinokov et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
outcome of the study is results of the numerical problem solving, in particular, diagrams of molten metal flows and temperatures at various levels in the mold. Fig. 1(a–c) shows the diagrams of the studied processes of steel pouring into the mold. Case (a) – conventional mode of molten metal pouring into the mold through the submerged entry nozzle with symmetrically arranged outlet ports. Case (b) – submerged entry nozzle with eccentrically arranged outlet ports. Case (c) – metal pouring onto the deflector of required configuration. Molten metal is poured from a tundish 1 through a submerged entry nozzle 2 and outlet ports 3 into a water-cooled mold 4. Due to heat removal, solid shell 5 is formed next to the mold walls which is pulled out from the mold at pre-set rate using special pull-out devices. Eccentrically arranged outlet ports in the submerged entry nozzle [18] allow more intensive homogenization of molten metal in horizontal plane in primary and secondary cooling zones compared to the conventional method. Use of deflector 6 [18] installed in the mold on brackets allows molten metal pouring on the round deflector first and then metal distribution horizontally toward the mold walls. 2. Research methodology 2.1. Setting a problem To facilitate problem solving, square submerged entry nozzle was used [16,17] and thickening shell was ignored. A formalized computational scheme of the process was established and developed for every specific case considering the above. For cases ‘‘a” and ‘‘c” (Fig. 1) the problem was solved taking into account a dual-plane symmetry. Volume of metal exiting each outlet port and therefore metal flow kinematics can be changed by changing the geometry of the outlet ports. Temperature of molten steel flowing through the nozzle outlet port was specified as being 1600 °C, k = 29 W/(mK), C = 444.47 J/ (kgK), c = 7.8 g/cm3 Viscosity index is l ¼ 2:1 104 kg s=m2 [19]. Nozzle surface temperature was set to 1550 °C based on test data. 3. Results Initial variables provided in [16–18] were set to compare metal flow kinematics in the mold. Some results of the solution are represented in Figs. 2–6.
Fig. 2. Vector Field of Metal Flow Velocities in the Vertical Longitudinal Plane of Symmetry of the Mold (a) and Vector Length vs Flow Velocity Diagram (b).
Fig. 2 (conventional pouring mode) shows calculation results for metal flowing in the vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry of the mold in the form of vector velocity field (f) and vector length vs flow velocity diagram (b). Circular flow of metal is observed below the mold in all sections. Fig. 3 shows a temperature field in the mold as per Fig. 1(a). There is a local high temperature area on the mold wall due to directed flow of the hot metal exiting the submerged entry nozzle outlet port. Metal temperature in the mold is almost 1600 °C. Viscosity index changes by 25% according to [19]. Calculation results evidence that even if l is changed by a factor of two, metal flow kinematics will virtually not change. In view of low l value, r11 ¼ r22 ¼ r33 ¼ r is obtained for each element distributed in the area depending on the element depth. Minor pressure rise is observed only in the area of metal jet exiting the submerged entry
Fig. 1. Diagram of Metal Pouring into the Mold through the Closed-Bottom Submerged Entry Nozzle with Symmetrically (a) and Eccentrically (b) Arranged Outlet Ports onto the Deflector (c): (1) tundish; (2) submerged entry nozzle; (3) submerged entry nozzle outlet ports; (4) water-cooled mold; (5) solid shell; (6) deflector; (7) bracket.
Please cite this article as: V. I. Odinokov, E. A. Dmitriev and A. I. Evstigneev, Simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous casting machine mold, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.596
V.I. Odinokov et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
3
Fig. 3. Temperature Field in the Mold as per Fig. 1(a).
Fig. 4. (a) Vector Field of the Liquid Metal Flow Velocities in the Horizontal Plane at the Level of Submerged Entry Nozzle Outlet Ports for the Case shown in Fig. 1(b); (b) Vector Length vs Flow Velocity Diagram.
nozzle exceeding pressure at this level by 4103 Pa. Pressure rapidly lowers along the longitudinal section of the mold. Fig. 4 shows vector field of molten metal flow velocities in the horizontal plane at the level of submerged entry nozzle outlet ports according to Fig. 1b (a) and vector length vs flow velocity diagram (b). It is obvious that molten metal intensively flows over the right and left sides of the mold wall. Fig. 5 shows vector field of metal flow velocities in the broad vertical plane of the mold edge for case shown in Fig. 1b (a) and vector length vs flow velocity diagram (b). Vortex is just in the center of the vertical wall in its upper part.
Fig. 6 shows vector field of velocities in the vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry of the mold for the mode of metal pouring into the mold as shown in Fig. 1c (a) and vector length vs flow velocity diagram (b). In contrast to the conventional mode of metal pouring described in [16,17], smoother (as related to flow velocities) flow over the vertical mold wall is observed in mode involving use of deflector. This is quite understandable, of course. Velocity of metal exiting the outlet port specified in [16,17] is 163 cm/s and only 70 cm/s when the above pouring mode is applied. Vortex (Fig. 6) is closer to the surface of the vertical mold wall. During conventional metal pouring the vortex is closer to the center.
Please cite this article as: V. I. Odinokov, E. A. Dmitriev and A. I. Evstigneev, Simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous casting machine mold, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.596
4
V.I. Odinokov et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
5. Discussion Efficiency of applying numerical simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous steel/billet casting machine mold is demonstrated. Using the mathematical model, such simulation allows determining the velocity field and metal temperature in the mold depending on the volume of metal exiting submerged entry nozzle outlet ports. Proposal regarding more intense stirring of molten metal when using the submerged entry nozzle with eccentrically arranged outlet ports is confirmed. Use of the deflector allows more even flow over the entire inner surface of the mold in horizontal section. This structure is simpler and cheaper to manufacture than closed-bottom submerged nozzles with outlet ports and homogeneity of the solidifying metal structure in the horizontal plane is ensured. Acknowledgements Fig. 5. (a) Vector Field of Metal Flow Velocities in the Broad Vertical Plane of the Mold Edge for the Case Shown in Fig. 1(b); (b) Vector Length vs Flow Velocity Diagram.
The study was conducted under the governmental assignment No. 075-00414-19-00. A. I. Gornakov, Ph.D. in Engineering Science, participated in processing of the research results. References
Fig. 6. (a) Vector Field of Velocities in the Vertical Longitudinal Plane of Symmetry of the Mold for the Case Shown in Fig. 1(c); (b) Vector Length vs Flow Velocity Diagram.
4. Discussion Problem solving results show that proposed modes of liquid metal pouring into the mold have an advantage over the conventional mode. Molten metal flows over the mold walls more evenly as evidenced by metal flows (Fig. 6) compared to metal flows in the conventional mode as described in [16]. New proposed modes of molten metal pouring into the mold are more beneficial than conventional ones. Structure of the billet will be more homogeneous than in conventional case in response to smoother flow of molten metal over vertical mold walls.
[1] D.A. Dyudkin, V.V. Kisilenko, A.P. Smirnov, Production of steel, Continuous Casting of Metal., Teplotekhnik, Moscow, 2009. [2] V.A. Efimov, Steel Casting and Crystallization, Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1976. [3] A.D. Akimenko, V.E. Girksiy, A.I. Guskov, Impact of methods for metal supply to the mold on formation of core zone of square billet, Steel 5 (1973) 408–409. [4] V.V. Stulov, V.A. Matysik, T.V. Novikov, S.V. Shcherbakov, I.V. Chistyakov, A.P. Plotnikov, Development of New Method of Casting of Slab Blanks by Using Continuous Casting Machine, Dalnauka, Vladivos-tok, 2008. [5] S.V. Kuberskiy, S.O. Semiryagin, O.V. Fedorov, Calculations of process and design parameters of continuous casting, Machine: Teaching Aids, Alchevsk DonSTU (2006). [6] A.A. Smirnov, V.M. Niskovskikh, V.I. Kulikov, Research of the process of electromagnetic mixing of metal in the slab continuous casting machine, advancement of structures, research and calculation of continuous casting machines for casting blanks: collection of learned works, VNIIMETMASH, Moscow (1987) 85–90. [7] Kohn, A., Morillon Y. Etnde mathematique de la solidification des lingots en acier midur / A. Kohn, Y. Morillon // Revue de Metallurgie. – 1966. V.63. N 10. P.779-790. [8] E. Mathematical Mizikar, Heat transfer model for solidification of continuons cast steel slabs / E. Mizikar, Trans. Metallurgical Soc. AIME. 239 (11) (1967) 1747. [9] J. Szekely, On heat transfer and liquid mixind in the continuous casting of steel / J. Szekely, V. Stanek, Metall. Trans. 1 (1) (1970) 119. [10] Z.K. Kabakov, Mathematical Simulation of Thermal Processes in Solidifying Ingot during Liquid Core Mixting / Z. K. Kabakov, N. A. Kilimik, Yu. A. Samoilovich // Izvestia VUZov, Iron Industry, 1989, pp. 113–119. [11] V.V. Sobolev, Optimization of thermal behaviour of melt solidification / V. V. Vorobyev, P. M. Trefilov, Krasnoyarsk, KGU, 1986, p. 152. [12] Kulagin, Yu. A. Study of Heat Ex-change in Cooling Channels in CPP Mold / Yu. A. Kalugin, S. V. Sorokin - Vologda: VPI. 1987. – 25 p. [13] Yu A. Samoilovich, Determination of optimal ingot cooling modes for continuous pouring / Yu. A. Samoilovich, D. G. Sedyako, Yu. A. Malevich // Izvestia VUZov, Iron Industry, 1989, pp. 103–106. [14] V.M. Niskovskikh, Design of high-capacity slab CPP / V.M. Niskovskikh, Thesis of Candidate of Science, Sverdlovsk 90 (1981). [15] V.I. Odinokov, Numerical study of material deformation applying coordinatefree technique, Vladivostok: Dalnauka (1995) 168. [16] V.I. Odinokov, E.A. Dmitriev, A.I. Evstigneev, Numerical simulation of liquid metal pouring into the continuous steel/billet casting machine mold // Izvestia VUZov, Iron Industry 60 (6) (2017) 493–499. [17] Mathematical Simulation of Metal Flow during Pouring through the Submerged Entry Nozzle with Eccentrically Arranged Outlet Ports / V. I. Odinokov, E. A. Dmitriev, A. I. Evstigneev. Izvestia VUZov. Iron Industry. – 2018. - No. 8. – p. 606-612. [18] Numerical Simulation of Liquid Metal Pouring into the Mold with a Deflector / V. I. Odinokov, A. I. Evstigneev, E. A. Dmitriev. / Izvestia VUZov. Iron Industry. – 2019. - No. 8. [19] Kim W.S. Simplified, Phenomenologi-cal theory of viscosity for liquid metals, Tong-Seek Cheir.-Bull Korean Chem. Soc. 22 (1) (2001).
Please cite this article as: V. I. Odinokov, E. A. Dmitriev and A. I. Evstigneev, Simulation of molten metal pouring into the continuous casting machine mold, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.596