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Skeletal changes after displaced condylar fracture in the growing period
Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2005; 34 (Supplement 1): $ 1 - $ 1 8 1
156 buccal mucosa in 3 cases and etc. Histopathologically well differentiated type was 34 cases, moderate differentiated type was 14 cases and poor differentiated type or unknown was 1 case in each. In cases with the only chemotherapy, 1 cases showed CR, 10 cases showed PR and 13 showed NC. On the other hand in cases with chemotherapy and irradiation, 7 cases showed CR, 15 cases showed PR and 4 showed NC. The rate of CR of the patients who had undergone chemotherapy with irradiation was 26.9% and that was 4.2% of the patients who had only the chemotherapy. The side effects were myelotoxicity, nausea and stomatitis. Rate of effectiveness of the combination chemotherapy with Nedaplatin and 5-FU was high in group of the patients who had received irradiation after the chemotherapy. Well differentiated type showed good rate of effect.
[-~'~
THE RELATIONSHIP OF P63 EXPRESSION WITH CELL PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS IN DMBA-INDUCED HAMSTER BUCCAL POUCH CARCINOGENESIS
J.-H. Park, M.-J. Kim, H. Myoung. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery, Graduate School Seoul National University, South Korea Abnormalities in the p53 gene are regarded as the most consistent genetic abnormalities detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinogenesis. Two new members of the p53 gene family, p73 and p63 have recently been identified. They share considerable sequence homology with p53 in the transactivation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains, indicating possible involvement in carcinogenesis. Disruption of the homeostatic balance between proliferation and apoptosis is widely believed to contribute to human oral carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze expression of p63 in squamous cell carcinogenesis and to compare with immunochemical markers representing cell proliferation and apoptosis. Using the Syrian hamster oral cancer model, The fraction of apoptotic (apoptotic index-AI), proliferating (mitotic index-MI) and p63 expressing keratinocytes were examined at normal, dysplastic and malignant oral epithelium using the TUNEL assay, PCNA and p63 immunostaining, p63 significantly increased between normal and dysplastic epithelium and between dysplastic and malignant epithelium. PCNA significantly increased between normal and dysplastic epithelium and between normal and malignant epithelium. However, increase between dysplastic and malignant epithelium, though still increasing, was not statistically significant. The percentage of TUNEL positive cells increased from normal to dysplastic epithelium and returned to normal keratinocyte levels in the malignant epithelium. However, differences between tissue types were not significant. The ratio of MI:AI increased significantly only in the dysplastic-malignant epithelial transition. The increase of p63 expression closely reflected the change in the MI:AI ratio during oral carcinogenesis. The p63 may be associated with the regulation of epithelial proliferation and apoptosis in DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch squamous cell carcinogenesis. Further study is required to investigate which p63 isoforms are involved in hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.
[-~'~
E1AF EXPRESSION IS CLOSELY CORRELATED WITH MALIGNANT PHENOTYPE OF TONGUE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA THROUGH ACTIVATION OF MT1-MMP GENE PROMOTERS
Y. Totsuka, "~ Izumiyama, "~ Ohiro, T. Kohgo, M. Shindoh. Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Japan E1AF is an ets-oncogene family transcription factor and it has been shown to upregulate multiple MMPs whereas MMP-2, a potent extracellular matrix degrading enzyme, is not upregulated. We investigated the activation mechanism of MMP-2 in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay was utilized to investigate whether E1AF is able to upregulate MT1-MMP, which is known to activate MMP-2. Real-time RT-PCR study was carried out in 25 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma to examine the mRNA expression levels of E1AF and MT1-MMR Expression of the CAT reporter gene under the control of the MT1-MMP promoter was increased approximately 40-fold by co-transfection with the E1AF expression vector. Real-time RT-PCR study showed that the mRNA expression level of E1AF, MT1MMP was synergistically increased. These results indicate that E1AF positively regulates transcription from MT1-MMP genes, which plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue by converting pro-MMP-2 into active-MMP-2.
Trauma
•]
CLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF FOREIGN BODIES IN THE ORAL CAVITY
S. Meguri. Oral Surgery, Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital, Hamamatsu,
Japan Foreign bodies in the oral cavity generally penetrate from the oral mucosa into regions deeper than the mucosal epithelium or from the buccal skin into the submucosal region of the oral cavity. This occurs for a variety of reasons. In the present study, we performed clinical investigations of eight cases in which we removed foreign bodies from the oral cavity of patients who complained of local symptoms due to persistence of such bodies at one entry site for a certain period. We investigated eight cases consisting of patients who visited the Department of Oral Surgery at Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital during the past 17 years from January 1988 to December 2004. All these patients had foreign bodies removed from the oral cavity. We investigated the relationship to the age and gender of the patients, entry site, kind and cause of the foreign bodies, and how long they had been left untreated using outpatient charts, in-patient charts and x-ray films. The oldest patient was a 66-year-old woman with penetration of a fractured denture and the youngest was a 22-yearold man with penetration of a tooth into the maxillary sinus. The mean age of the cases examined was 48 years. Foreign bodies penetrated the maxillary sinus in five cases, and oral vestibule, tongue and buccal mucosa in one case each. Among the five cases with foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus, root canal filling material (gutta-percha point) used for dental treatments was removed in two cases. Other cases involved removal of a tooth that had penetrated at the time of extraction, a Penrose drain that was set in place for treatment, and a tooth that had penetrated as a result of a traffic accident. Other foreign bodies included a fish bone removed from the tongue, a fragment of automobile windshield that had penetrated underneath the buccal mucosa and a fractured denture removed from the oral vestibule. All cases were treated because they had severe symptoms due to infection at the injury sites from which the foreign bodies were later removed. Foreign body penetrations were caused by medical or dental treatment-related accidents in four cases, by traffic accidents in three cases and by food mastication in one case. Treatments included sinusotomy in five cases, incision in two cases and evulsion in one case. Duration between the foreign body penetration and the first patient visit varied from three days in the fish bone case to eleven years where the left upper canine had penetrated the maxillary sinus, with the average being 5.8 years. (Truncated) [ - P - ~ - ] SKELETAL CHANGES AFTER DISPLACED CONDYLAR FRACTURE IN THE GROWING PERIOD J.G.C. Luz, V.C.B. Teixeira, A.C.B. Teixeira. Department of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery, University of S~o Paulo, Brazil Fractures of the mandibular condyle are frequent in young individuals. A potential of growing disturbances has been reported; however, there are few experiments studying such consequences. Skeletal changes after fracture of the condyle in the growing period were analyzed in this study. Fifty young Wistar rats weighing 100g were used. Under general anesthesia unilateral fracture of the condylar process with deviation was performed in the experimental group, while only surgical access was performed in the sham-operated group. The animals were sacrificed with three months of age. The mandible was disarticulated, and radiographic projections axial of skull and lateral of the hemimandibles were obtained. Cephalometric mensurations through a computer system were made. Statistical tests were applied between the groups and sides in each group. There was athrophy and degenerative changes of the condylar process. There was a significant difference in the height of the mandibular body and in the length of anterior and posterior maxilla. It was concluded that an experimental fracture of the mandibular condyle during the growing period in rats induced degenerative changes of the condyle as well as an asymmetry of the mandible, affecting height of the body, also with consequences to the maxilla.
156 buccal mucosa in 3 cases and etc. Histopathologically well differentiated type was 34 cases, moderate differentiated type was 14 cases and poor differentiated type or unknown was 1 case in each. In cases with the only chemotherapy, 1 cases showed CR, 10 cases showed PR and 13 showed NC. On the other hand in cases with chemotherapy and irradiation, 7 cases showed CR, 15 cases showed PR and 4 showed NC. The rate of CR of the patients who had undergone chemotherapy with irradiation was 26.9% and that was 4.2% of the patients who had only the chemotherapy. The side effects were myelotoxicity, nausea and stomatitis. Rate of effectiveness of the combination chemotherapy with Nedaplatin and 5-FU was high in group of the patients who had received irradiation after the chemotherapy. Well differentiated type showed good rate of effect.
[-~'~
THE RELATIONSHIP OF P63 EXPRESSION WITH CELL PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS IN DMBA-INDUCED HAMSTER BUCCAL POUCH CARCINOGENESIS
J.-H. Park, M.-J. Kim, H. Myoung. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery, Graduate School Seoul National University, South Korea Abnormalities in the p53 gene are regarded as the most consistent genetic abnormalities detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinogenesis. Two new members of the p53 gene family, p73 and p63 have recently been identified. They share considerable sequence homology with p53 in the transactivation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains, indicating possible involvement in carcinogenesis. Disruption of the homeostatic balance between proliferation and apoptosis is widely believed to contribute to human oral carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze expression of p63 in squamous cell carcinogenesis and to compare with immunochemical markers representing cell proliferation and apoptosis. Using the Syrian hamster oral cancer model, The fraction of apoptotic (apoptotic index-AI), proliferating (mitotic index-MI) and p63 expressing keratinocytes were examined at normal, dysplastic and malignant oral epithelium using the TUNEL assay, PCNA and p63 immunostaining, p63 significantly increased between normal and dysplastic epithelium and between dysplastic and malignant epithelium. PCNA significantly increased between normal and dysplastic epithelium and between normal and malignant epithelium. However, increase between dysplastic and malignant epithelium, though still increasing, was not statistically significant. The percentage of TUNEL positive cells increased from normal to dysplastic epithelium and returned to normal keratinocyte levels in the malignant epithelium. However, differences between tissue types were not significant. The ratio of MI:AI increased significantly only in the dysplastic-malignant epithelial transition. The increase of p63 expression closely reflected the change in the MI:AI ratio during oral carcinogenesis. The p63 may be associated with the regulation of epithelial proliferation and apoptosis in DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch squamous cell carcinogenesis. Further study is required to investigate which p63 isoforms are involved in hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.
[-~'~
E1AF EXPRESSION IS CLOSELY CORRELATED WITH MALIGNANT PHENOTYPE OF TONGUE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA THROUGH ACTIVATION OF MT1-MMP GENE PROMOTERS
Y. Totsuka, "~ Izumiyama, "~ Ohiro, T. Kohgo, M. Shindoh. Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Japan E1AF is an ets-oncogene family transcription factor and it has been shown to upregulate multiple MMPs whereas MMP-2, a potent extracellular matrix degrading enzyme, is not upregulated. We investigated the activation mechanism of MMP-2 in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay was utilized to investigate whether E1AF is able to upregulate MT1-MMP, which is known to activate MMP-2. Real-time RT-PCR study was carried out in 25 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma to examine the mRNA expression levels of E1AF and MT1-MMR Expression of the CAT reporter gene under the control of the MT1-MMP promoter was increased approximately 40-fold by co-transfection with the E1AF expression vector. Real-time RT-PCR study showed that the mRNA expression level of E1AF, MT1MMP was synergistically increased. These results indicate that E1AF positively regulates transcription from MT1-MMP genes, which plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue by converting pro-MMP-2 into active-MMP-2.
Trauma
•]
CLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF FOREIGN BODIES IN THE ORAL CAVITY
S. Meguri. Oral Surgery, Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital, Hamamatsu,
Japan Foreign bodies in the oral cavity generally penetrate from the oral mucosa into regions deeper than the mucosal epithelium or from the buccal skin into the submucosal region of the oral cavity. This occurs for a variety of reasons. In the present study, we performed clinical investigations of eight cases in which we removed foreign bodies from the oral cavity of patients who complained of local symptoms due to persistence of such bodies at one entry site for a certain period. We investigated eight cases consisting of patients who visited the Department of Oral Surgery at Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital during the past 17 years from January 1988 to December 2004. All these patients had foreign bodies removed from the oral cavity. We investigated the relationship to the age and gender of the patients, entry site, kind and cause of the foreign bodies, and how long they had been left untreated using outpatient charts, in-patient charts and x-ray films. The oldest patient was a 66-year-old woman with penetration of a fractured denture and the youngest was a 22-yearold man with penetration of a tooth into the maxillary sinus. The mean age of the cases examined was 48 years. Foreign bodies penetrated the maxillary sinus in five cases, and oral vestibule, tongue and buccal mucosa in one case each. Among the five cases with foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus, root canal filling material (gutta-percha point) used for dental treatments was removed in two cases. Other cases involved removal of a tooth that had penetrated at the time of extraction, a Penrose drain that was set in place for treatment, and a tooth that had penetrated as a result of a traffic accident. Other foreign bodies included a fish bone removed from the tongue, a fragment of automobile windshield that had penetrated underneath the buccal mucosa and a fractured denture removed from the oral vestibule. All cases were treated because they had severe symptoms due to infection at the injury sites from which the foreign bodies were later removed. Foreign body penetrations were caused by medical or dental treatment-related accidents in four cases, by traffic accidents in three cases and by food mastication in one case. Treatments included sinusotomy in five cases, incision in two cases and evulsion in one case. Duration between the foreign body penetration and the first patient visit varied from three days in the fish bone case to eleven years where the left upper canine had penetrated the maxillary sinus, with the average being 5.8 years. (Truncated) [ - P - ~ - ] SKELETAL CHANGES AFTER DISPLACED CONDYLAR FRACTURE IN THE GROWING PERIOD J.G.C. Luz, V.C.B. Teixeira, A.C.B. Teixeira. Department of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery, University of S~o Paulo, Brazil Fractures of the mandibular condyle are frequent in young individuals. A potential of growing disturbances has been reported; however, there are few experiments studying such consequences. Skeletal changes after fracture of the condyle in the growing period were analyzed in this study. Fifty young Wistar rats weighing 100g were used. Under general anesthesia unilateral fracture of the condylar process with deviation was performed in the experimental group, while only surgical access was performed in the sham-operated group. The animals were sacrificed with three months of age. The mandible was disarticulated, and radiographic projections axial of skull and lateral of the hemimandibles were obtained. Cephalometric mensurations through a computer system were made. Statistical tests were applied between the groups and sides in each group. There was athrophy and degenerative changes of the condylar process. There was a significant difference in the height of the mandibular body and in the length of anterior and posterior maxilla. It was concluded that an experimental fracture of the mandibular condyle during the growing period in rats induced degenerative changes of the condyle as well as an asymmetry of the mandible, affecting height of the body, also with consequences to the maxilla.