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Slope movement hazard evaluation along a portion of U.S. Highway 95, Idaho Country, Idaho
315A 938369 Analysis and design methed for fender piles in soft marine days Budhu, M; Davies, T G PCnc lmertmao~ Conference on Geoteclmical Engineering for Coastal Development, GEO-COAST'91, Yokahama, 3-6 September 1991 V1, P679-684. Publ Japan: Coastal Development Institute of Technology, 1991 Fender piles (dolphins) are used in ports to absorb or dissipate the energy of berthing ships without damage to the pile or ship. An elastoplastic design method for fender piles is presented, based on coupling of pile flexure and nonlinear deformation of the soil. The undrained shear strength of the soil must be known. The procedure gives results in good agreement with field data. Only a small proportion of energy is absorbed by the embedded length. The effective length (minimum cut off length) and depth of maximum bending moment can be easily evaluated. 935370 Failure of dock piles due to settlement of embankment Erol, O; Birand, A; Ozkhan, Y Proe luter~ntiomd Conference on Geoteclmical Engineering for Coastal Development, GEO-COAST'91, Yokahama, 3-6 September 1991 V1, P691-694, Publ Japan: Coastal Development Institute of Technology, 1991 An extension to a port on the Aegean coast of Turkey used 30m long concrete piles driven through embankment fill which replaced dredged mud. Pile driving and embankment construction were carded out at the same time. Serious problems were experienced due to differential settlements of the embankment which caused rotation of the piled dock system, imposing critical stresses leading to failure for some piles. It is recommended in the future that piling should wait until effective cessation of embankment settlement. 935371 Moandlese breakwater with wide footing on soft ground -
bemu~ type pile
Ozasa, H; Matsumoto, S; Motono, I; Ose, S Proe luternatiomd Conference on Geoteeludcal Engineering for Coastal Development, GEO-COAST'91, Yokahama, 3-6 September 1991 VI, P725-730. Publ Japan: Coastal Development Institute of Technology, 1991 The moundless breakwater is typically mounted on a slab supported by two rows of short rigid piles. A wide slab is used on soft seabeds. In this design, lateral forces are calculated as the plastic resistance of only one of the two pile rows. Experiments using flexible piles have been carried out. This design brings into action the lateral resistance and axial bearing capacity of both rows and gives a more stable structure with reduced slab rotation. Based on test results, designs with shorter piles and for worse ground conditions than were previously practical are possible.
Slopes See also: 935062 935372 Slope stability analysis for undrained loading conditions Baker, R; Frydman, S; Talesnick, M Int J Num Anal Meth Geomeeb V17, N1, Jan 1993, P15-43 Limit equilibrium analyses of slope stability for the case of rapid drawdown have several deficiencies and cannot be applied for other types of rapid loading. To overcome these drawbacks, an approach is presented which integrates four
components: establishment of soil behaviour on the basis of laboratory testing, boundary value estimation of steady state conditions in the slope, estimation of distribution of undrained strength in the slope using undrained stress paths, and identification of the critical slip surface and calculation of its safety factor. The procedure is illustrated for an earth dam under earthquake and rapid drawdown conditions. 935373 Analysis of methods to improve the stability of spoil piles in a Hgnite mine Ozgenoglu, A lnt J Surf Min V6, N4, 1992, P169-172 Spoil pile stability problems at Orhaneli, Turkey, have been investigated and dip dumping, weak layers in the footwall, high water table, and heights in excess of 50m identified as the main contributory factors. Stabilization measures adopted include pile height reduction, excavation of the weak layers in the mine footwall, use of toe berms, and improved drainage. 2D circular failure analysis was used to evaluate post-treatment stability. 935374 Stability of motions of translational landslides Davis, R O; Desai, C S; Smith, N R J Geotecli Engng Div ASCE Vl19, N3, March 1993, P420432 There is evidence to suggest that many soils exhibit some frictional strength-velocity dependency, and both positive and negative sloping relations have been reported, Simple stability analysis demonstrates that stable sliding can only occur when the strength-velocity slope is positive. An example is presented to show the range of possible stable and unstable motions which can occur if piezometric conditions or external loading on the slope change. The strength-velocity relation used can take positive or negative slope depending on the velocity. Effects of nonrigid motions of the sliding mass are finally examined. 935375 Some problems in the interpretation of monitoring records of rock slope movements Zvelebil, J Proe 3rd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomeclumics, Oslo, 9-11 September 1991 V1, P387-393. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1991 Interpretation of monitored rockslope movements based on interpolation of periodic measurements can present problems if important events are missed. Possibilities of inaccuracy resulting are outlined using data from sandstone rock walls. Difficulties may arise if attention is not paid to optimisation of the sampling regime of movements, bearing in mind characteristic patterns and continuous nature of the process, or if displacements generated by extraneous processes are not filtered off. 935376 Slope movement hazard evaluation along a portion of U.S. Highway 95, Idaho County, Idaho Jones, D R; Howard, T R Proe 28th Symposium on Engineering Geology and Geoteehnlcal Engineering, Boise, 1-3 April 1992 P334-348. Publ Pocatello: Idaho State University, 1992 There is much evidence to suggest that conditions leading to future displacements along canyon slopes in Idaho are present. Identification of the slopes at risk and factors contributing to instability is necessary to allow development in the vicinity. Portions of two canyons along Highway 95 have been studied
© 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
316A and a matrix of susceptibility values to indicate potential for slope failure has been developed. Lithology, slope angle, and slope aspect are three factors of major importance. 935377 Development of slope stability regulation for sand mining industry in central Florida Kuo, S S; Powley, V I Proc 28th Symposium on Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Engineering, Boise, 1-3 April 1992 P349-360. Publ Pocatello." Idaho State University, 1992 Slopes reclaimed after sand extraction must have adequate stability to ensure public safety. A study is described which was carried out by the regulatory authorities to obtain information to help determine steepest permissable stable slope angles. Soil samples were taken from two pits considered 'typical' and characterised in the laboratory. Stability analysis of existing and possible alternative slopes was carried out using the code PCSTABL4. Results indicate a slope angle of 1:2.75 will give a safety factor of at least 2.0.
935378 Slope analysis of Pusak river bank Sambhandharaksa, S; Sreium, T Proc Ninth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Bangkok, 9-13 December 1991 VI, P335-338. Publ Thailand." Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, 1991 Dredging of the river and rapid change in river level during summer have been identified as main factors associated with failures of the banks of the Pasak river, Thailand. Soil conditions and soil properties are described. Total stress analysis using soil parameters from triaxial compression and extension tests has been carried out for 7 limiting conditions of groundwater and river levels. Wedge analysis gives better results than circular arc analysis where medium to stiff clays overlie very stiff clays. 935379 Effects of road drainage and geometry in causing roadside slope failures Au, S W C; Suen, R Y C Proc Ninth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Bangkok, 9-13 December 1991 V1, P373-376. Publ Thailand." Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, 1991
material, is described. Site investigation and slope movement monitoring were carried out. The failure was identified as reactivation of a former landslide. Laboratory measured and back analysed values of residual strength of the mudstone agree well. The alignment was redesigned so as to remove all the slip material.
935381 Investigation into embankment failure at Kolaghat De, P K Proc Ninth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Bangkok, 9-13 December 1991 V1, P389-392. Publ Thailand: Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, 1991 Progressive shear failure of an elevated embankment on the banks of the river Rupnarayan occurred in 1986. Detailed investigation followed, including sinking of large numbers of boreholes inside and outside the failed section. The layered soil profile, extent and profile of the final failure, and soil mechanical properties were investigated. A simple design office slip-failure analysis for the best fit failure patterns to the final shape of the failure was used in determining the failure mechanism.
935382 Stability and closure design for a landfill on soft clay and peat Mitchell, R A; Hatch, S E; Siegel, R A Proc Conference Stability and Performance of Slopes and Embankments I!, Berkeley, 29 Jane-I July 1992 VI, P685704. Publ New York: ASCE, 1992 (ASCE Special Geotechnical Publication No 31) A number of statutory conditions must be met for closure of landfills in the USA, including safety requirements for slopes. A case study is presented of closure of a municipal waste landfill in California over soft mud and peat foundations. Short term safety factors at closure were marginal and although dewatering and increasing cover thickness made some improvements, design values could not always be reached. Long term safety factors, after consolidation of the soft soils, were calculated as 1.9-2.7. In this and similar situations, it is necessary to accept dual safety factors, long term and short term.
Rainstorm-associated slope failures are common in Hong Kong. High concentration of surface water as a result of runoff from road surfaces has been identified as a major contributory factor to these failures. The geometrical and drain-off features of the roads which lead to the concentrated runoff are examined and preventive treatment suggested.
935383 Embankment on soft clay with an adjacent cut Steiner, W; Metzger, R; Marr, W A Proc Conference Stability and Performance of Slopes and Embankments !i, Berkeley, 29 Jane-I July 1992 VI, P705720. Publ New York." ASCE, 1992 (ASCE Special Geotechnical Publication No 31)
935380 Cut slope failure in the Garinono Formation of Sabah Barry, A J Proe Ninth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Bangkok, 9-13 December 1991 V1, P381-384. Publ Thailand." Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, 1991
A tunnelling project in Switzerland required the muck to be deposited on a soft postglacial cut, adjacent to a 12-15m deep cut. Instrumentation was installed to monitor stability of the embankment and cut during fill placement. Predicted and measured performance of the cut-fill are described. Predicted horizontal displacements were generally 2-3 times those measured. Probability theory used in addition to stability calculations led to changes in design, even though conventional factors of safety were adequate. Despite engineering effort, unforeseen freeze/thaw/rain effects led to embankment slope instabilities.
Road improvements in Sabah have required extensive earthworks in Garinono Formation materials, slump breccia of mudstone, shales, and sandstones. Construction of one shallow cutting, which resulted in a slip of some 10000 cubic m of
© 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
bemu~ type pile
Ozasa, H; Matsumoto, S; Motono, I; Ose, S Proe luternatiomd Conference on Geoteeludcal Engineering for Coastal Development, GEO-COAST'91, Yokahama, 3-6 September 1991 VI, P725-730. Publ Japan: Coastal Development Institute of Technology, 1991 The moundless breakwater is typically mounted on a slab supported by two rows of short rigid piles. A wide slab is used on soft seabeds. In this design, lateral forces are calculated as the plastic resistance of only one of the two pile rows. Experiments using flexible piles have been carried out. This design brings into action the lateral resistance and axial bearing capacity of both rows and gives a more stable structure with reduced slab rotation. Based on test results, designs with shorter piles and for worse ground conditions than were previously practical are possible.
Slopes See also: 935062 935372 Slope stability analysis for undrained loading conditions Baker, R; Frydman, S; Talesnick, M Int J Num Anal Meth Geomeeb V17, N1, Jan 1993, P15-43 Limit equilibrium analyses of slope stability for the case of rapid drawdown have several deficiencies and cannot be applied for other types of rapid loading. To overcome these drawbacks, an approach is presented which integrates four
components: establishment of soil behaviour on the basis of laboratory testing, boundary value estimation of steady state conditions in the slope, estimation of distribution of undrained strength in the slope using undrained stress paths, and identification of the critical slip surface and calculation of its safety factor. The procedure is illustrated for an earth dam under earthquake and rapid drawdown conditions. 935373 Analysis of methods to improve the stability of spoil piles in a Hgnite mine Ozgenoglu, A lnt J Surf Min V6, N4, 1992, P169-172 Spoil pile stability problems at Orhaneli, Turkey, have been investigated and dip dumping, weak layers in the footwall, high water table, and heights in excess of 50m identified as the main contributory factors. Stabilization measures adopted include pile height reduction, excavation of the weak layers in the mine footwall, use of toe berms, and improved drainage. 2D circular failure analysis was used to evaluate post-treatment stability. 935374 Stability of motions of translational landslides Davis, R O; Desai, C S; Smith, N R J Geotecli Engng Div ASCE Vl19, N3, March 1993, P420432 There is evidence to suggest that many soils exhibit some frictional strength-velocity dependency, and both positive and negative sloping relations have been reported, Simple stability analysis demonstrates that stable sliding can only occur when the strength-velocity slope is positive. An example is presented to show the range of possible stable and unstable motions which can occur if piezometric conditions or external loading on the slope change. The strength-velocity relation used can take positive or negative slope depending on the velocity. Effects of nonrigid motions of the sliding mass are finally examined. 935375 Some problems in the interpretation of monitoring records of rock slope movements Zvelebil, J Proe 3rd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomeclumics, Oslo, 9-11 September 1991 V1, P387-393. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1991 Interpretation of monitored rockslope movements based on interpolation of periodic measurements can present problems if important events are missed. Possibilities of inaccuracy resulting are outlined using data from sandstone rock walls. Difficulties may arise if attention is not paid to optimisation of the sampling regime of movements, bearing in mind characteristic patterns and continuous nature of the process, or if displacements generated by extraneous processes are not filtered off. 935376 Slope movement hazard evaluation along a portion of U.S. Highway 95, Idaho County, Idaho Jones, D R; Howard, T R Proe 28th Symposium on Engineering Geology and Geoteehnlcal Engineering, Boise, 1-3 April 1992 P334-348. Publ Pocatello: Idaho State University, 1992 There is much evidence to suggest that conditions leading to future displacements along canyon slopes in Idaho are present. Identification of the slopes at risk and factors contributing to instability is necessary to allow development in the vicinity. Portions of two canyons along Highway 95 have been studied
© 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
316A and a matrix of susceptibility values to indicate potential for slope failure has been developed. Lithology, slope angle, and slope aspect are three factors of major importance. 935377 Development of slope stability regulation for sand mining industry in central Florida Kuo, S S; Powley, V I Proc 28th Symposium on Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Engineering, Boise, 1-3 April 1992 P349-360. Publ Pocatello." Idaho State University, 1992 Slopes reclaimed after sand extraction must have adequate stability to ensure public safety. A study is described which was carried out by the regulatory authorities to obtain information to help determine steepest permissable stable slope angles. Soil samples were taken from two pits considered 'typical' and characterised in the laboratory. Stability analysis of existing and possible alternative slopes was carried out using the code PCSTABL4. Results indicate a slope angle of 1:2.75 will give a safety factor of at least 2.0.
935378 Slope analysis of Pusak river bank Sambhandharaksa, S; Sreium, T Proc Ninth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Bangkok, 9-13 December 1991 VI, P335-338. Publ Thailand." Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, 1991 Dredging of the river and rapid change in river level during summer have been identified as main factors associated with failures of the banks of the Pasak river, Thailand. Soil conditions and soil properties are described. Total stress analysis using soil parameters from triaxial compression and extension tests has been carried out for 7 limiting conditions of groundwater and river levels. Wedge analysis gives better results than circular arc analysis where medium to stiff clays overlie very stiff clays. 935379 Effects of road drainage and geometry in causing roadside slope failures Au, S W C; Suen, R Y C Proc Ninth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Bangkok, 9-13 December 1991 V1, P373-376. Publ Thailand." Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, 1991
material, is described. Site investigation and slope movement monitoring were carried out. The failure was identified as reactivation of a former landslide. Laboratory measured and back analysed values of residual strength of the mudstone agree well. The alignment was redesigned so as to remove all the slip material.
935381 Investigation into embankment failure at Kolaghat De, P K Proc Ninth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Bangkok, 9-13 December 1991 V1, P389-392. Publ Thailand: Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, 1991 Progressive shear failure of an elevated embankment on the banks of the river Rupnarayan occurred in 1986. Detailed investigation followed, including sinking of large numbers of boreholes inside and outside the failed section. The layered soil profile, extent and profile of the final failure, and soil mechanical properties were investigated. A simple design office slip-failure analysis for the best fit failure patterns to the final shape of the failure was used in determining the failure mechanism.
935382 Stability and closure design for a landfill on soft clay and peat Mitchell, R A; Hatch, S E; Siegel, R A Proc Conference Stability and Performance of Slopes and Embankments I!, Berkeley, 29 Jane-I July 1992 VI, P685704. Publ New York: ASCE, 1992 (ASCE Special Geotechnical Publication No 31) A number of statutory conditions must be met for closure of landfills in the USA, including safety requirements for slopes. A case study is presented of closure of a municipal waste landfill in California over soft mud and peat foundations. Short term safety factors at closure were marginal and although dewatering and increasing cover thickness made some improvements, design values could not always be reached. Long term safety factors, after consolidation of the soft soils, were calculated as 1.9-2.7. In this and similar situations, it is necessary to accept dual safety factors, long term and short term.
Rainstorm-associated slope failures are common in Hong Kong. High concentration of surface water as a result of runoff from road surfaces has been identified as a major contributory factor to these failures. The geometrical and drain-off features of the roads which lead to the concentrated runoff are examined and preventive treatment suggested.
935383 Embankment on soft clay with an adjacent cut Steiner, W; Metzger, R; Marr, W A Proc Conference Stability and Performance of Slopes and Embankments !i, Berkeley, 29 Jane-I July 1992 VI, P705720. Publ New York." ASCE, 1992 (ASCE Special Geotechnical Publication No 31)
935380 Cut slope failure in the Garinono Formation of Sabah Barry, A J Proe Ninth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Bangkok, 9-13 December 1991 V1, P381-384. Publ Thailand." Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, 1991
A tunnelling project in Switzerland required the muck to be deposited on a soft postglacial cut, adjacent to a 12-15m deep cut. Instrumentation was installed to monitor stability of the embankment and cut during fill placement. Predicted and measured performance of the cut-fill are described. Predicted horizontal displacements were generally 2-3 times those measured. Probability theory used in addition to stability calculations led to changes in design, even though conventional factors of safety were adequate. Despite engineering effort, unforeseen freeze/thaw/rain effects led to embankment slope instabilities.
Road improvements in Sabah have required extensive earthworks in Garinono Formation materials, slump breccia of mudstone, shales, and sandstones. Construction of one shallow cutting, which resulted in a slip of some 10000 cubic m of
© 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted