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SMR classification
231A developed in Natal are described: roof classification based on results of Duncan Swell and slake durability tests and floor classification based on impact splitting. 934192 S M R classification Romana, M Proc 7th ISRM International Congress on Rock Mechanics, Aachen, 16-20 September 1991 V2, P955-960. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1991 The Slope Mass Rating system has been developed from Bieniawski's R M R to assess slope instability risks. Parameters are introduced to take into account discontinuity orientation, slope failure modes, and slope excavation methods. The SMR index assigns a slope to an instability class for which appropriate support requirements are specified. Case examples demonstrate the practical applications of the SMR system.
In Situ Stress Causes and nature of in situ stress See also: 934472 934193 Designing pre-excavation stress measurements for meaningful rock characterization Haimson, B C Proc ISRM Symposium: Eurock'92, Chester, 14-17 September 1992 P221-226. Publ London: Thomas Telford, 1992 Three case histories are presented which illustrate the benefits which can result from properly planned pre-excavation stress measurements. In the first, no measurements were made, and water leakage occurred when a set of vertical joints opened: the minimum principal stress proved to be horizontal, not vertical. In the second, insufficient measurements were made and effects of complicated topology ignored. In the third, two sets of measurements revealed an unanticipated rotation in maximum horizontal principal stress, which was taken into account in design.
Measurement of in situ stress 934194 Evaluation of the BRE miniature push-in pressure cell system for in situ measurement of vertical and horizontal stress from a vertical borehole Watts, K S Proc 3rd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Oslo, 9-11 September 1991 VI, P273-282. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1991 A miniature, push-in pressure cell which can be jacked horizontally into soft clay from a vertical 0.15m diameter borehole has been developed. It has overall maximum dimensions of 115mm length, 44mm width, and 20mm thickness. A placing device is illustrated. Laboratory and field calibration is discussed. Long term reliability is assessed on the basis of field data. Suggested applications include stress measurement in embankment dam cores or under loaded foundations. The placement device can also install multiple piezometer tips.
Site Investigation and Field Observation Structural and geotechnicai mapping 934195 Terrain evaluation for assessment of highways in the mountainous Eastern Mediterranean of Lebanon Khawlie, M R; A'war, R lnt Assoc Engng Geol Bull N46, Oct 1992, P71-78 The Australian PUCE (Province, Pattern, Unit, Component Evaluation) approach has proved economic and effective in evaluating the terrain of the Chouf area for highway development. The smallest land division is at the component level. The study involves use of aerial photography and checking representative field stations along the route. 29 components have been obtained and quantified according to slope, soil type, land use,and vegetation. Final evaluation produces a series of ratings which indicate suitability and maintenance requirements for the development. 934196 Engineering geological zoning and seismic microzoning Ondrasik, R; Matys, M; Viskup, J Int Assoc Engng Geol Bull N46, Oct 1992, P89-92 The principles of seismic microzoning based on engineering geology maps, as applied in Czechoslovakia, are outlined. Relations between lithology, rock properties, and groundwater table, and between topography and slope stability are used in the work. Zoning maps are produced for optimization of building sites, structural design, and foundations in relation to seismic risks. 934197 Crack evaluation system for analysing the conditions of superannuated tunnels Yasuda, T; Taniguchi, S; Kamewada, S; Okano, G Proc Conference on Fractured and Jointed Rock Masses, Lake Tahoe, 3-5 June 1992 P249-255. Publ California: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1992 Visual inspection/examination of the state of tunnel linings is time consuming and somewhat qualitative. An alternative is use of the truck-mounted C I M E D A S (Continuous IMagE DAta base System). This allows a continuous image of a certain width to be obtained at speeds I-2km/h. The image is digitised for analysis. Image processing reveals cracks and quantitative information can be extracted. An expert system to provide information on causes of the cracks is a possible long term development. Examples of use of C I M E D A S are presented.
Geophysical techniques See also: 934064, 934180, 934466, 934471 934198 Resistivity identification of shallow mining cavities in Real del Monte, Mexico. Short note Ramiro, R C; Raymundo, R G Engng Geol V33, N2, Dec 1992, P141-149 The Real del Monte area of central Mexico has been worked for silver since the 12th century. A complex network of tunnels has resulted from following the irregular mineralisation. A geoelectrical survey of the urban zone has been carried out to
© 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
In Situ Stress Causes and nature of in situ stress See also: 934472 934193 Designing pre-excavation stress measurements for meaningful rock characterization Haimson, B C Proc ISRM Symposium: Eurock'92, Chester, 14-17 September 1992 P221-226. Publ London: Thomas Telford, 1992 Three case histories are presented which illustrate the benefits which can result from properly planned pre-excavation stress measurements. In the first, no measurements were made, and water leakage occurred when a set of vertical joints opened: the minimum principal stress proved to be horizontal, not vertical. In the second, insufficient measurements were made and effects of complicated topology ignored. In the third, two sets of measurements revealed an unanticipated rotation in maximum horizontal principal stress, which was taken into account in design.
Measurement of in situ stress 934194 Evaluation of the BRE miniature push-in pressure cell system for in situ measurement of vertical and horizontal stress from a vertical borehole Watts, K S Proc 3rd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Oslo, 9-11 September 1991 VI, P273-282. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1991 A miniature, push-in pressure cell which can be jacked horizontally into soft clay from a vertical 0.15m diameter borehole has been developed. It has overall maximum dimensions of 115mm length, 44mm width, and 20mm thickness. A placing device is illustrated. Laboratory and field calibration is discussed. Long term reliability is assessed on the basis of field data. Suggested applications include stress measurement in embankment dam cores or under loaded foundations. The placement device can also install multiple piezometer tips.
Site Investigation and Field Observation Structural and geotechnicai mapping 934195 Terrain evaluation for assessment of highways in the mountainous Eastern Mediterranean of Lebanon Khawlie, M R; A'war, R lnt Assoc Engng Geol Bull N46, Oct 1992, P71-78 The Australian PUCE (Province, Pattern, Unit, Component Evaluation) approach has proved economic and effective in evaluating the terrain of the Chouf area for highway development. The smallest land division is at the component level. The study involves use of aerial photography and checking representative field stations along the route. 29 components have been obtained and quantified according to slope, soil type, land use,and vegetation. Final evaluation produces a series of ratings which indicate suitability and maintenance requirements for the development. 934196 Engineering geological zoning and seismic microzoning Ondrasik, R; Matys, M; Viskup, J Int Assoc Engng Geol Bull N46, Oct 1992, P89-92 The principles of seismic microzoning based on engineering geology maps, as applied in Czechoslovakia, are outlined. Relations between lithology, rock properties, and groundwater table, and between topography and slope stability are used in the work. Zoning maps are produced for optimization of building sites, structural design, and foundations in relation to seismic risks. 934197 Crack evaluation system for analysing the conditions of superannuated tunnels Yasuda, T; Taniguchi, S; Kamewada, S; Okano, G Proc Conference on Fractured and Jointed Rock Masses, Lake Tahoe, 3-5 June 1992 P249-255. Publ California: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1992 Visual inspection/examination of the state of tunnel linings is time consuming and somewhat qualitative. An alternative is use of the truck-mounted C I M E D A S (Continuous IMagE DAta base System). This allows a continuous image of a certain width to be obtained at speeds I-2km/h. The image is digitised for analysis. Image processing reveals cracks and quantitative information can be extracted. An expert system to provide information on causes of the cracks is a possible long term development. Examples of use of C I M E D A S are presented.
Geophysical techniques See also: 934064, 934180, 934466, 934471 934198 Resistivity identification of shallow mining cavities in Real del Monte, Mexico. Short note Ramiro, R C; Raymundo, R G Engng Geol V33, N2, Dec 1992, P141-149 The Real del Monte area of central Mexico has been worked for silver since the 12th century. A complex network of tunnels has resulted from following the irregular mineralisation. A geoelectrical survey of the urban zone has been carried out to
© 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted