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Sociology, nursing and patient care
and schizophrenic patients when insulin is combined with psychotherapy and when psychotherapy is used alone. AmJ. Psychiat., 113,901, 1957. relationships between hypothesized therapeutic 3. TRUAX, C. B. The process of group psychotherapy; conditions and intrapersonal exploration. Ps~clrol. Monogr., 75. Whole No. 51 I, 1961. 4. CARKHUFF, R. R. and TRUAX, C. B. Trarnmg in counseling and psychotherapy: an evaluation of an integrated didactic and experiential approach, J. Cor~sulf. Psychol.. 29, 333, 1965. a comparative survey of 5. WING, J. K. and BROWN, G. W. Social treatment of chronic schizophrenia: three mental hospitals, J. Men/. Sci., 107, 847, 1961. 6. KELLALI, S. F. A method for assessing social contact: its application during a rehabilitation program for a psychiatric ward, J. New. Ment. Dis., 132,277, 1961. 7. WING, J. K. The modern management of schizophrenia. Chapter 1 in: New Aspects of the Merlftrf Heulrh Services. Edited by H. FREEMANand J. FARNDALE. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1967. 8. POLAK, P. R. The Crisis of Admission, Sot. Psychiat., 2, 150, i967. 9. PASAMANICK, B., SCARPITTI, F. R., LEFTON, M., DINITZ. S., WERNERT,J. J. and MCPHEETERS,H. Home vs. Hospital Care for Schizophrenics, J. Am. med. Ass., 187, 177, 1964.
Sot.
Sci. & Med.
SOCIOLOGY,
1968, Vol. 2, pp. 369-371. Pergimon
Press. Printed in Great Britain
NURSING AND PATIENT CARE by RITA P. KELLEHER R.N.,M.S.
AT A time when the health professions are facing serious criticism because of the deterior-
ation of the quality of patient care, it is reassuring to hear the potential voices of the social scientists raised to help improve the current situation. These two books come at a time when nursing is emerging into a new and stronger professional role. The increasing complexity of nursing practice and education has many implications for change. The traditional role of the nurse is in process of moving from a task-oriented service role to a leadership role where she must now head up a team of people consisting of other registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and nurses’ aides. The need for incorporating concepts from the social sciences into nursing becomes evident when one realizes the increasingly important role of the nurse as observer, listener and supporter. Help for the initiation of change in the practice of nursing and the education of the nurse must come from other health professionals and from higher education and related disciplines. Both books are concerned with presenting a sociological framework that will serve as a basis for identifying concepts and themes from the social sciences useful in studying and understanding patients. EMILY MUMFORD in Sociology in Hospital Care* states that the goal of her book is to assist in the building of bridges that will encourage more active exchange between disciplines : that the modern hospital is one of the most remarkable cooperative endeavors of modern society; that the people who work in hospitals are among the most interesting and rewarding to. write about, to work with and to study. Folta and Deck state: “The activities of health workers involve observation, interpretation and interaction with a variety of persons from many different socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. Hence the patients and other professionals as well may be seen as persons in social roles each interpreting their role to themselves and others and acting accordingly.” Sociology in Hospital Care is a relatively simple, easy reading text that has as its theme all people who practice the healing arts in this country are influenced by what is happening in hospitals. It is a sorting out and organizing of the work done by behavioural and social *Sociology in Hospital 228 pp. $6.50.
Care by EMILY MUMFORD and J. K. SKIPPER, JR., Harper
& Row, New York, 1967.
scientists. This book is about hospitals, the people in them, patients. doctors. nurses and administrators. The first three chapters highlight the social structure of the hospital and present a view on how culture shapes the expectations and facilities for health care. The chapter. “Social Structure and the Network of Hospital Relationships”, is helpful in understanding status, the sick role and concepts of health. The three chapters on observation, leadership, and communication suggeSt methods as well as perspectives of sociology that can be applied in the hospital. Pertinent examples and illustrations are presented with many probabilities for application. The subject of leadership focuses on the nurse in a leadership role, the demands made on her in this new role and emphasizes different approaches to her functioning as a leader. The chapter on communication should prove to be one of the most helpful for all involved as hospital personnel must learn to check out communication cn the cognitive level and take into consideration feeling states and learn to respond to them. In many instances it will make a difference in the quality of patient care. The last three chapters are problem-centered: problems generated by the fact that the modern hospital is a bureaucracy, that the majority of nurses are women and the struggle over rank between emerging professions. Perplexing issues relating to how much a patient should be told about his condition, dying, and disfigurement, are dealt with in detail. The range of problems also covers the different approaches to illness by various cultures. A Sociological Framework for Patient Care * is a book of readings tied together by a prologue and an epilogue to each of the seven parts of the book. Each part contains a selection of from four to five readings organized around a sociological concept or theme. The editors apparently chose those concepts and principles they thought would be most useful to teachers and students alike, and those authors they felt would be most typical in their presentations. Part One is concerned with concepts of culture and society, patterns of social interaction, socialization, role and status, communication and perception, and social class. Authors contributing: Leslie A. White, George A. Lundberg, Clarence C. Schrag, Otto N. Larsen. Alfred R. Lindesmith, Anselm L. Strauss and Ozzie G. Simmons. Part Two reviews some of the major trends and social movements in medicine and nursing that influence society, patients and professionals. Authors contributing: Dorothy E. Smith, S. Frank Miyamoto, Robert C. Leonard, Victor J. Freeman and Lucile Petry Leone. Part Three demonstrates the need of the health worker to be aware of his own role as a person and as a professional. The routes to becoming a professional (physician and nurse) are presented. Authors contributing: Louis H. Orzack, S. Dale McLemore, Richard J. Hill. Samuel W. Bloom, Luke M. Smith and Leonard Schatzman. Part Four is concerned with the structure of the family, its influence on the individual, its role in health and illness and family relationships. Authors contributing: Rueben Hill, Ernest A. T. Barth, Walter N. Watson, Wayne Blanchard, Robert R. Bell, and Holger R. Stub. Part Five deals with perceptions of health and illness. The incidence and prevalence of disease, the hospital and its patients. Authors contributing: Horace M. Miner, Herbert L. Dunn, Dorrian Apple Sweetser, Philip N. Haese, Richard L. Meile and Richard M. Titmuss. Part Six explores the path of patienthood: how individuals learn this new role, changes in *A Suciologicai Framework for Patient Care by JEANNETTER. FOLTAUI~ EUITH A. DECK. John Wiley, New York, 1966. 418 pp. $7.95, paperback $4.95.
self-concept and in family demands and the responsibility of the professional to help the patient understand what he is expressing and the adjustments made to his illness. Authors contributing: Talcott Parsons, Hans Seyle. Mark Zborowski, Jeanne C. Quint. George L. Engel and Robert Straus. Part Seven provides some suggestions on how the health professional can cope with the complexity of problems inherent in the process of patient care. Suggestions on the technique and use of problem solving and research are included as well as the utilization of mechanized computers. Authors contributing: Lester C. Mills, Peter M. Dean, Jeannette R. Folta. Leonard Schatzman, Florence S. Wald. Robert C. Leonard. Samuel S. Stouffer, Gerald A. King and Ronald E. Anderson. Both books appear to be directed toward the nursing profession, but their usefulness is not limited to one professional group. An understanding of the basic concepts discussed should be useful to medical students, social workers, hospital administrative personnel and others. Undergraduate and graduate students in all fields of sociology will find in both books useful reference material based on a fund of knowledge that is scientifically sound. Although the coverage of all related topics is not comprehensive, it is more than adequate for helping the beginning practitioner and there is much usable knowledge. What should prove especially helpful to the reader is the selected annotated bibliography at the end of each chapter of Sociology in Hospital Care. There is a very extensive annotated bibliography at the end of the Folla and Deck book. These titles familiar to the specialist in the field of the social sciences give the reader additional references to pursue. Dean, School of Nursing, Boston College. Mass. Sot.
Sri. & Med.
1968, Vol. 2, pp. 371-374. Pergamon
Press. Printed in Great Britain
THE STATUS OF THE BRITISH NATIONAL M.D.
HEALTH SERVICE by
MAX
SEHAM,
Trends in the National Health Service* is a major contribution, covering community health services, the role of the General Practitioner (G.P.), mental health and nursing services, and the status of hospitals in Great Britain. It succeeds in bringing together in one volume of over 440 pages a wealth of information not easily obtainable. It contains 34 published papers by eminent Doctors, hospital administrators, civil servants, university staff, economists and sociologists, all well documented. It is a sort of stocktaking of the National Health Service (NHS), in which are described the failures as well as the achievements, the mistakes made in the past and the hopes for the future. Unlike Dr. FARNDALE’S book, Doctors and’state Medicine? is more in the nature of a long monograph, dealing with personal experiences as a lecturer in Social Administration and as an active participant in the development of the British NHS. Dr. FORSYTH’S book is a mine of information to be read with great profit by all medical students and practitioners, American as well as English, and by medical.sociologists and other students of social medicine. Chapter 1, “Professional Organizations”, is a review of the origin and development of the several British medical organizations and how they attempted to exert influence *Trends in the National Health Service by JAMESFARNDALE,Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964.430 pp. f5. tDoctors and State Medicine by GORDONFORSYTH,Lippincott, Philadelphia. 1966, 170 pp. $6.00
Sot.
Sci. & Med.
SOCIOLOGY,
1968, Vol. 2, pp. 369-371. Pergimon
Press. Printed in Great Britain
NURSING AND PATIENT CARE by RITA P. KELLEHER R.N.,M.S.
AT A time when the health professions are facing serious criticism because of the deterior-
ation of the quality of patient care, it is reassuring to hear the potential voices of the social scientists raised to help improve the current situation. These two books come at a time when nursing is emerging into a new and stronger professional role. The increasing complexity of nursing practice and education has many implications for change. The traditional role of the nurse is in process of moving from a task-oriented service role to a leadership role where she must now head up a team of people consisting of other registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and nurses’ aides. The need for incorporating concepts from the social sciences into nursing becomes evident when one realizes the increasingly important role of the nurse as observer, listener and supporter. Help for the initiation of change in the practice of nursing and the education of the nurse must come from other health professionals and from higher education and related disciplines. Both books are concerned with presenting a sociological framework that will serve as a basis for identifying concepts and themes from the social sciences useful in studying and understanding patients. EMILY MUMFORD in Sociology in Hospital Care* states that the goal of her book is to assist in the building of bridges that will encourage more active exchange between disciplines : that the modern hospital is one of the most remarkable cooperative endeavors of modern society; that the people who work in hospitals are among the most interesting and rewarding to. write about, to work with and to study. Folta and Deck state: “The activities of health workers involve observation, interpretation and interaction with a variety of persons from many different socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. Hence the patients and other professionals as well may be seen as persons in social roles each interpreting their role to themselves and others and acting accordingly.” Sociology in Hospital Care is a relatively simple, easy reading text that has as its theme all people who practice the healing arts in this country are influenced by what is happening in hospitals. It is a sorting out and organizing of the work done by behavioural and social *Sociology in Hospital 228 pp. $6.50.
Care by EMILY MUMFORD and J. K. SKIPPER, JR., Harper
& Row, New York, 1967.
scientists. This book is about hospitals, the people in them, patients. doctors. nurses and administrators. The first three chapters highlight the social structure of the hospital and present a view on how culture shapes the expectations and facilities for health care. The chapter. “Social Structure and the Network of Hospital Relationships”, is helpful in understanding status, the sick role and concepts of health. The three chapters on observation, leadership, and communication suggeSt methods as well as perspectives of sociology that can be applied in the hospital. Pertinent examples and illustrations are presented with many probabilities for application. The subject of leadership focuses on the nurse in a leadership role, the demands made on her in this new role and emphasizes different approaches to her functioning as a leader. The chapter on communication should prove to be one of the most helpful for all involved as hospital personnel must learn to check out communication cn the cognitive level and take into consideration feeling states and learn to respond to them. In many instances it will make a difference in the quality of patient care. The last three chapters are problem-centered: problems generated by the fact that the modern hospital is a bureaucracy, that the majority of nurses are women and the struggle over rank between emerging professions. Perplexing issues relating to how much a patient should be told about his condition, dying, and disfigurement, are dealt with in detail. The range of problems also covers the different approaches to illness by various cultures. A Sociological Framework for Patient Care * is a book of readings tied together by a prologue and an epilogue to each of the seven parts of the book. Each part contains a selection of from four to five readings organized around a sociological concept or theme. The editors apparently chose those concepts and principles they thought would be most useful to teachers and students alike, and those authors they felt would be most typical in their presentations. Part One is concerned with concepts of culture and society, patterns of social interaction, socialization, role and status, communication and perception, and social class. Authors contributing: Leslie A. White, George A. Lundberg, Clarence C. Schrag, Otto N. Larsen. Alfred R. Lindesmith, Anselm L. Strauss and Ozzie G. Simmons. Part Two reviews some of the major trends and social movements in medicine and nursing that influence society, patients and professionals. Authors contributing: Dorothy E. Smith, S. Frank Miyamoto, Robert C. Leonard, Victor J. Freeman and Lucile Petry Leone. Part Three demonstrates the need of the health worker to be aware of his own role as a person and as a professional. The routes to becoming a professional (physician and nurse) are presented. Authors contributing: Louis H. Orzack, S. Dale McLemore, Richard J. Hill. Samuel W. Bloom, Luke M. Smith and Leonard Schatzman. Part Four is concerned with the structure of the family, its influence on the individual, its role in health and illness and family relationships. Authors contributing: Rueben Hill, Ernest A. T. Barth, Walter N. Watson, Wayne Blanchard, Robert R. Bell, and Holger R. Stub. Part Five deals with perceptions of health and illness. The incidence and prevalence of disease, the hospital and its patients. Authors contributing: Horace M. Miner, Herbert L. Dunn, Dorrian Apple Sweetser, Philip N. Haese, Richard L. Meile and Richard M. Titmuss. Part Six explores the path of patienthood: how individuals learn this new role, changes in *A Suciologicai Framework for Patient Care by JEANNETTER. FOLTAUI~ EUITH A. DECK. John Wiley, New York, 1966. 418 pp. $7.95, paperback $4.95.
self-concept and in family demands and the responsibility of the professional to help the patient understand what he is expressing and the adjustments made to his illness. Authors contributing: Talcott Parsons, Hans Seyle. Mark Zborowski, Jeanne C. Quint. George L. Engel and Robert Straus. Part Seven provides some suggestions on how the health professional can cope with the complexity of problems inherent in the process of patient care. Suggestions on the technique and use of problem solving and research are included as well as the utilization of mechanized computers. Authors contributing: Lester C. Mills, Peter M. Dean, Jeannette R. Folta. Leonard Schatzman, Florence S. Wald. Robert C. Leonard. Samuel S. Stouffer, Gerald A. King and Ronald E. Anderson. Both books appear to be directed toward the nursing profession, but their usefulness is not limited to one professional group. An understanding of the basic concepts discussed should be useful to medical students, social workers, hospital administrative personnel and others. Undergraduate and graduate students in all fields of sociology will find in both books useful reference material based on a fund of knowledge that is scientifically sound. Although the coverage of all related topics is not comprehensive, it is more than adequate for helping the beginning practitioner and there is much usable knowledge. What should prove especially helpful to the reader is the selected annotated bibliography at the end of each chapter of Sociology in Hospital Care. There is a very extensive annotated bibliography at the end of the Folla and Deck book. These titles familiar to the specialist in the field of the social sciences give the reader additional references to pursue. Dean, School of Nursing, Boston College. Mass. Sot.
Sri. & Med.
1968, Vol. 2, pp. 371-374. Pergamon
Press. Printed in Great Britain
THE STATUS OF THE BRITISH NATIONAL M.D.
HEALTH SERVICE by
MAX
SEHAM,
Trends in the National Health Service* is a major contribution, covering community health services, the role of the General Practitioner (G.P.), mental health and nursing services, and the status of hospitals in Great Britain. It succeeds in bringing together in one volume of over 440 pages a wealth of information not easily obtainable. It contains 34 published papers by eminent Doctors, hospital administrators, civil servants, university staff, economists and sociologists, all well documented. It is a sort of stocktaking of the National Health Service (NHS), in which are described the failures as well as the achievements, the mistakes made in the past and the hopes for the future. Unlike Dr. FARNDALE’S book, Doctors and’state Medicine? is more in the nature of a long monograph, dealing with personal experiences as a lecturer in Social Administration and as an active participant in the development of the British NHS. Dr. FORSYTH’S book is a mine of information to be read with great profit by all medical students and practitioners, American as well as English, and by medical.sociologists and other students of social medicine. Chapter 1, “Professional Organizations”, is a review of the origin and development of the several British medical organizations and how they attempted to exert influence *Trends in the National Health Service by JAMESFARNDALE,Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964.430 pp. f5. tDoctors and State Medicine by GORDONFORSYTH,Lippincott, Philadelphia. 1966, 170 pp. $6.00