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902122 Overview of formation damage Porter, K E d Per Technoi 1/41. N8, Aug 1989, P780-786
902126 Polymer/bentonite/soU admixtures as hydraulic barriers Liao, W A SPE Drilling Engng V4, ,~. June 1989, P153-161
Formation damage reduces permeability of reservoir rocks and lowers efficiency of hydrocarbon recovery. Major causes are reviewed: drilling mud damage, drilling mud-filtrate chemistry, cement-filtrate chemistry, stimulation chemistry, acidizing, fracturing, production, and formation fluid chemistry. In many cases additives may have advantageous effects on drilling properties, but similar action in the formation rock is deleterious. Suggestions to minimise formation damage are presented.
The performance of polymer bentonite/soil mixtures containing high molecular weight linear and crosslinked polymers for use as oilfield waste pit liners has been studied. Samples were prepared, compacted, and tested using the constant head method. The mixtures were resistant to brines and hydrocarbons, have suitably low hydraulic conductivities, are cheap and easy to install, resist degradation and have self healing capabilities. Applications for selected soil/polymer/bentonite combinations are discussed.
902123 Mechanical field permeameter for making rapid, nondestructive, permeability measurements Chandler, M A; Goggin, D J; Lake, L W J Sediment Petrol 1/59, 3/4, July 1989. P613-615 A mechanical permeameter which may be used in situ or to test hand or core samples is illustrated. It measures the flow rate and injection pressure of a gas (nitrogen) to determine permeability. An improved analytical technique to calculate permeability from field measurements is presented. A computer program has been written to convert field measurements directly to permeabilities, with correction for gas slippage and high pressure turbulence effects.
902124 Gas transport in unsaturated porous media: the adequacy of Fick's law Thorstenson, D C; Pollock, D W Rev Geophys 1/27, NI, Feb 1989, P61-78 Gaseous diffusion is an important potential transport mechanism for volatile components in an unsaturated porous medium. Complete understanding of multicomponent gas transport requires knowledge of Knudsen transport, the molecular and nonequimolar components of the diffusive flux, and viscous (pressure driven) flux. The principles of each of the above mechanisms are reviewed. Two examples indicate that small pressure gradients can cause significant viscous fluxes, and, conversely, such pressure gradients can be generated by diffusive processes. The inaccuracies arising from assuming simple Fickian behaviour are emphasised.
902125 Organic leachate effects on permeability of compacted kaolinite Hamidon, A B; Ali. F H Soils Found V29, N2. June 1989, P15-23 Flexible wall permeameter tests were used to determine saturated hydraulic conductivity (k) of compacted clay to 0.1% and 100% of various organic permeants. With pure solutions, k increased slightly for acetone and phenol, but decreased significantly for nitrobenzene and benzene. At low concentrations, a slight decrease in k was found in all cases. This can be explained in terms of surface forces of interaction with clay particles. Tests with acetone in a rigid wall permeameter showed excessively high k, attributable to side leakage due to shrinkage of the clay due to the organic permeant.
902127 Field scale transport of bromide in an unsaturated soil. !. Experimental methodology and results Butters, G L; Jury, W A; Ernst, F F Water Resour Res V25, NT, July 1989, P1575-1581 Movement of chemicals through unsaturated soils is a topic of considerable importance, but few hard field data exist for validation of theoretical models. Movement of a bromide tracer through the unsaturated zone beneath the surface of a loamy sand under controlled conditions was monitored using solution samplers and soil core analysis. Results suggest the data set is suitable for model validation, although both lateral and vertical variations in apparent solute velocity and solution transport volumes are significant.
902128 Field scale transport of bromide in an unsaturated soil. 2. Dispersion modeling Butters, G L; Jury, W A Water Resour Res V25, NT, July 1989, P1583-1589 Two models of vadose zone transport were tested against a field data set. The deterministic one dimensional convection dispersion model represents solute transport far from the source of entry, while the stochastic-convective Iognormal transfer function model represents transport near the source. Applicability and accuracy at various depths are examined and discussed. Change in the observed pattern of dispersion can be explained in terms of known soil texture changes. 902129 New analysis procedure for determining aquifer properties from slug test data Peres, A M M; Onur, M; Reynolds, A C Water Resour Res 1/25, NT, July 1989, P1591-1602 General relations between slug test solutions and constant discharge solutions with well bore storage and skin are derived, which are valid for any well/aquifer geometry. Given measured slug head-time data, the equivalent head and head derivative versus time data can be generated that would be obtained if the well were produced at constant discharge with well bore storage and skin. Once these equivalent data for the classical constant discharge problem are available, appropriate techniques can be used to determine well and aquifer parameters without resort to conventional slug test analyses.
902130 Impeller meter for measuring aquifer permeability variations: evaluation and comparison with other tests Molz, F J; Morin, R H; Hess, A E; Melville, J G; Guven, O Water Resour Res V25, N7, July 1989, P1677-1683 Impeller meter (borehole flowmeter) tests were used in determination of vertical variation of hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer through constant rate pumping tests in a screened well.
1990 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted