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Soil structures preserved in carbonate concretions in loess
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331 BURNETT, AD ENGNG. G~0 L. LTD. GUILDFOP~D, GB FOOKES, PG A regional engineering geological study of the london Clay in the London and Hampshire basins. 35F,6T, 23R. Q.J. ENGNG G~DL.V7,N3,1974, P257-295. The study was devised to investigate certain regional relationships between geological and engineering index properties of the London Clay. Geological data ineluding iithology, bed thickness and structural contours and an important new sedimentologlcal and palae ontological zonation system of the London Clay were related to the detailed mineralogy of the clay. The mineralogical and lithological characteristics (mainly grading) were found to have a fairly close relatlonsh~p to engineer. ing index properties of the clay and from this various geological and geoteehnical properties were linked. Examples on a regional scale of computer and manual plots of clay zones are given as well as maps showing palaeo. geography, mineralogy and engineering property distributions. Examples of the geological and geotechnical depth profiles which were used to establish relations between lithology, zonatior., mineralogy and geotechnical properties are also given. The results of some laboratory experiments to study the processes and effects of sediment deposition, erosion and weathering are discussed and related to the field work. Auth. 332 DENNESS,B INST. GNOL. SC I .LONDON, GB Engineering aspects of the Chalky Boulder Clay at the new town of Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire. 5F,ZR. Q.J.ENGNG G~0L.V7,N3,1974,P297-309 • The paper outlines some engineering aspects of tills, particularly at Milton Keynes, and demonstrates methods for their investigation. The methods discussed include the display in vertical section of geotechnlcal index parameters determined for samples taken from a trench, shallow geophysical techniques and large scale in-situ testing. These are all seen as complementary to a preliminary geological investigation. The objects of this specific study were twofold: to establish the variability cf engineering properties with its consequent effect on representability of results and }%ecessary sampling interval and to investigate the presence of depositional features detrimental to eng~ ineering operations in tills, particularly at the Milton Keynes site. The variability was found to be so great that borehole methods were not applicable. A pre-existing shear plane extending from ground surface to about 3.5m depth was also discovered. These conslderations prompted the recon~nendation of special investigation procedures to suit the circumstances. Auth. 333 w ILSON, NE GREENWOOD, JR Pore pressures and strains after repeated loading of saturated clays. 6F,SR. CAN. GEOTECH .J .VII,N2,MAY, 1974, P269-277. Repeated and sustained loading tests on undrained samples of normally consolidated lacustrine clay are used to prove the existence of a relationship between pore water pressures and axial Strains. The behaviour of the clay is studied by investigating the pore pressure and strain respol~ses under repeated l o a d ~ , and comparing them with the response from the more usual sustained loading.Ssmples under repeated loading fall at a stress below the compressive strength of the material as obtained from sts/%dard strength tests. Experimental proof of the pore pressure versus strain relatiop_~h~p is presented by means of s series of l o a d ~ tests on normally consolidated lacustrine s~ity clay sables tested under undrained trlaxial conditions. Auth.
Texture,structure,composition and density 334 WAI~H, JD CSIRO Detection of rock defects by fluorescence photography. 2F,2R. DIV. APPL. GEOMECH. TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM, NI2, JUNE, 1974,4P. Mir.~tc~ visually indistinct feGtures in rock specimens have been detected by introduction of a fluorescent penetrant into the mlcro-cracks and subsequently recordlug the crack pattern by flourescence photography. Applications of the procedure in the study of weathering of a sedimentary rock aggregate, from Wardang, Victoria, are described. 335 DAS, B LAVAL UNIV .QUEBEC, CDN Contortional structures in coal and their effect on the mechanical properties of coal. IOF,IT,6R. INT. J.ROCK MECH.MIN. SC I. G~DMECH. ABSTR .Vll,NI2, 1974,P453-457.
336 MCGOWN, A AND~SON,WF RADW~N, AM Geotechnical properties of the tills in West Central Scotland. S y ~ s i u m . Surmnsries of papers. MIDLAND SOIL MECH.FOUND.ENGNG.SOC.SYMP.ON ENGNG.BE_ HAVIOUR OF GLACIAL MAT.,BIRMINGHAM, APRIL,1975. The glacial drift in West Central Scotland is principally drumlinised basal lodgement till which may be divided into various types on the basis of the different glacial flows which lald it down and on variations in litholo~. Detailed analysis of standard engineering classification data and basic physical properties of these soils does not, however, differentiate these various types. Fabric investigations of the drumlinlsed till indicates that the clasts ~ci ~ discrete particles in a dense matrix of silty els~v. Structural discontinuities with definite preferred orientations have also been observed. The tills must be considered as fissured soils with potentially three dimensional anlsotropy of engineerir~ properties. 337 R O D ~ ICK, GL UN IV .W ISCONS IN.MILWAUKEE, USA Properties of glacial soils in Wisconsin. Symposium. S~ies of papers. MIDLAND SOIL MECH.FOUND.~GNG SOC.SYMP.ON ENGNG BEHAVIOUR OF GLACIAL MATERIALS,BIRMINGHAM, APRIL,1975. Fhysieal, physico-ehemieal and minera/ogical properties of eight glacial clays representative of problem soils in Wisconsin were determined and the results were correlated. This revealed linear relationships between ear. bonate content and cation exchange capacity, between liquid limit and compression and expansion indexes. The effectiveness of lime in reducing plasticity of the soils was studied. 338 LE~CH, JA UNIV. LEEDS jGB Soil structures preserved in carbonate concretions in loess. Technical note. 2F,IIR. Q. J. ENGNG G~DL.V7, N3,1974, P311°314. Samples of loess were impregnated with resin, cured and sectioned in order to study the soil structure. Two notable structures were observed in the concretions in the preliminary studies and these occur in the loess itself. It appears that the loess concretions offer a convenient w~y of examining a particular structure if it is certain that the structure presented is the original soil structure.
331 BURNETT, AD ENGNG. G~0 L. LTD. GUILDFOP~D, GB FOOKES, PG A regional engineering geological study of the london Clay in the London and Hampshire basins. 35F,6T, 23R. Q.J. ENGNG G~DL.V7,N3,1974, P257-295. The study was devised to investigate certain regional relationships between geological and engineering index properties of the London Clay. Geological data ineluding iithology, bed thickness and structural contours and an important new sedimentologlcal and palae ontological zonation system of the London Clay were related to the detailed mineralogy of the clay. The mineralogical and lithological characteristics (mainly grading) were found to have a fairly close relatlonsh~p to engineer. ing index properties of the clay and from this various geological and geoteehnical properties were linked. Examples on a regional scale of computer and manual plots of clay zones are given as well as maps showing palaeo. geography, mineralogy and engineering property distributions. Examples of the geological and geotechnical depth profiles which were used to establish relations between lithology, zonatior., mineralogy and geotechnical properties are also given. The results of some laboratory experiments to study the processes and effects of sediment deposition, erosion and weathering are discussed and related to the field work. Auth. 332 DENNESS,B INST. GNOL. SC I .LONDON, GB Engineering aspects of the Chalky Boulder Clay at the new town of Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire. 5F,ZR. Q.J.ENGNG G~0L.V7,N3,1974,P297-309 • The paper outlines some engineering aspects of tills, particularly at Milton Keynes, and demonstrates methods for their investigation. The methods discussed include the display in vertical section of geotechnlcal index parameters determined for samples taken from a trench, shallow geophysical techniques and large scale in-situ testing. These are all seen as complementary to a preliminary geological investigation. The objects of this specific study were twofold: to establish the variability cf engineering properties with its consequent effect on representability of results and }%ecessary sampling interval and to investigate the presence of depositional features detrimental to eng~ ineering operations in tills, particularly at the Milton Keynes site. The variability was found to be so great that borehole methods were not applicable. A pre-existing shear plane extending from ground surface to about 3.5m depth was also discovered. These conslderations prompted the recon~nendation of special investigation procedures to suit the circumstances. Auth. 333 w ILSON, NE GREENWOOD, JR Pore pressures and strains after repeated loading of saturated clays. 6F,SR. CAN. GEOTECH .J .VII,N2,MAY, 1974, P269-277. Repeated and sustained loading tests on undrained samples of normally consolidated lacustrine clay are used to prove the existence of a relationship between pore water pressures and axial Strains. The behaviour of the clay is studied by investigating the pore pressure and strain respol~ses under repeated l o a d ~ , and comparing them with the response from the more usual sustained loading.Ssmples under repeated loading fall at a stress below the compressive strength of the material as obtained from sts/%dard strength tests. Experimental proof of the pore pressure versus strain relatiop_~h~p is presented by means of s series of l o a d ~ tests on normally consolidated lacustrine s~ity clay sables tested under undrained trlaxial conditions. Auth.
Texture,structure,composition and density 334 WAI~H, JD CSIRO Detection of rock defects by fluorescence photography. 2F,2R. DIV. APPL. GEOMECH. TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM, NI2, JUNE, 1974,4P. Mir.~tc~ visually indistinct feGtures in rock specimens have been detected by introduction of a fluorescent penetrant into the mlcro-cracks and subsequently recordlug the crack pattern by flourescence photography. Applications of the procedure in the study of weathering of a sedimentary rock aggregate, from Wardang, Victoria, are described. 335 DAS, B LAVAL UNIV .QUEBEC, CDN Contortional structures in coal and their effect on the mechanical properties of coal. IOF,IT,6R. INT. J.ROCK MECH.MIN. SC I. G~DMECH. ABSTR .Vll,NI2, 1974,P453-457.
336 MCGOWN, A AND~SON,WF RADW~N, AM Geotechnical properties of the tills in West Central Scotland. S y ~ s i u m . Surmnsries of papers. MIDLAND SOIL MECH.FOUND.ENGNG.SOC.SYMP.ON ENGNG.BE_ HAVIOUR OF GLACIAL MAT.,BIRMINGHAM, APRIL,1975. The glacial drift in West Central Scotland is principally drumlinised basal lodgement till which may be divided into various types on the basis of the different glacial flows which lald it down and on variations in litholo~. Detailed analysis of standard engineering classification data and basic physical properties of these soils does not, however, differentiate these various types. Fabric investigations of the drumlinlsed till indicates that the clasts ~ci ~ discrete particles in a dense matrix of silty els~v. Structural discontinuities with definite preferred orientations have also been observed. The tills must be considered as fissured soils with potentially three dimensional anlsotropy of engineerir~ properties. 337 R O D ~ ICK, GL UN IV .W ISCONS IN.MILWAUKEE, USA Properties of glacial soils in Wisconsin. Symposium. S~ies of papers. MIDLAND SOIL MECH.FOUND.~GNG SOC.SYMP.ON ENGNG BEHAVIOUR OF GLACIAL MATERIALS,BIRMINGHAM, APRIL,1975. Fhysieal, physico-ehemieal and minera/ogical properties of eight glacial clays representative of problem soils in Wisconsin were determined and the results were correlated. This revealed linear relationships between ear. bonate content and cation exchange capacity, between liquid limit and compression and expansion indexes. The effectiveness of lime in reducing plasticity of the soils was studied. 338 LE~CH, JA UNIV. LEEDS jGB Soil structures preserved in carbonate concretions in loess. Technical note. 2F,IIR. Q. J. ENGNG G~DL.V7, N3,1974, P311°314. Samples of loess were impregnated with resin, cured and sectioned in order to study the soil structure. Two notable structures were observed in the concretions in the preliminary studies and these occur in the loess itself. It appears that the loess concretions offer a convenient w~y of examining a particular structure if it is certain that the structure presented is the original soil structure.