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Solid brick manufacture from fly ashes, bottom ash, lime, gypsum, and calcium carbonate
04
By-products m/a&d to fuels
Process for manufacture of carbon fibers from coal 95102629 (Assigned to) Enerkom Ply Ltd., GER. OjJ Morgan, D. L. et al., DE.4,327,204, Feb. 1994. A process for the manufacture of carbon fibres from coal comprises forming a solution using a dipolar aprotic solvent, from a coal derived material whereby the material has the composition, free of solvent, C 70-91, H 2-6, and 0 3-20 wt%, adding polyethylene glycol with molecular weight ~3 X lo6 to form a spinning solution, spinning to fibre, gelling the fibre, and carbonizing in a neural atmosphere at 400-1100”. 95102630
Products from flash pyrolysla of a Turkish llgnlte In a free-fall reactor under vacuum Ersahan, H. and Bilgesue, A. Y. Fuel Sci. Technol. Inf, 1994, 12, (ll), 1475-1495. The paper discusses how flash pyrolysis of a Turkish lignite under vacuum in a free-fall reactor was examined at 400-800”. Gaseous products were analyzed with an online GC equi ped with a manual injection valve. Solroduct to se arate vent fractionation was apphe?! to the liquid preasphaltenes, asphaltenes and oils fractions. The PIgnite was use jwith two article size distributions: -0.215 + 0.2 mm and -0.1 mm. The liquid yiel 8. mcreased with temperature up to 650”, and then decreased for the larger particles. 95102631
Pyrolysls of aromatlc compounds as a guide to synthetic reactlons In sediments
Smith, J. W. et al., APEA J., 1994, 34, 231-240. The paper demonstrates the syntheses of methylaromatics by the reactions of phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene with coals and CH, at 220-400°C. At tern eratures not exceeding 350°C the experimental conditions may be therma Ply equated in terms of R, values, to those approximating the oil window. Therefore, the high degree of methvlation achieved, the insensitivity of the methylation processto reaction knditions and the systematic and theoretical predictable increases with temperature in the ratio of beta/alpha substituted Me isomers of the parent aromatic hydrocarbon, provide support for significant geosynthetic processes in sediments. 95102632 Reactlon of fullerenes with radicals generated by thermal decomposltlon of azo compounds Ohno, M. et al., Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995, 3, (I), 29-35. Radicals generated thermally from azo compounds having cyan0 or ester function were added to Cw to give poly-functionalized C, derivatives. Interestingly, their reactivities toward C, were found to be higher than those toward C,,
95102633 Recovery of wax from Newell llgnlte tar and Its structural characterliatlon Tiwari, K. K. et al., Fuel, Apr. 1995, 74, (4), 517-521. An efficient method is described for the recovery of wax from lignite tar by solvent extraction followed by isolation of the wax from the extract. Light petroleum (boiling range 60-8O’C) was used as the solvent. Under optimum conditions (I.e. solvent:feed ratio=4 and time of reflux 1 h at 70 C), up to 85% of the tar could be extracted. In the next stage, almost the entire amount of wax present in the extract was precipitated by first distilling off the solvent and then treating the residual tar oil with acetone at 1O’C. The yield of wax was found to be 14.6% on a dry tar basis. The recrystallized wax was characterized by elemental analysis; Fourier transform i.r. and ‘H n.m.r. spectroscopy and molecular weight determination.
Solld brick manufacture from fly ashes, bottom 95102637 ash, Ilme, gypsum, and calcium carbonate Furlong, T. and Hearne, USS,3S8,760, Oct. 1994.
J.
(Assigned
to) Richhart,
Earl,
US Pat.
Solld-state carbonlzatlon of large polycycllc aromatlc hydrocarbons (letter)
95102636
Boenigk, W. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1995, 74, (2). 305-306. The a&ors state that solid-state carbonizatioh of large high-melting PAH and subsequent graphitization of the cokes formed is possibly a simple method of producing high-purity graphite crystals for various purposes.
95102639
Structural characterization of asphaltenes of dlffer-
ent orlglns Calemma, V. et al., Energy & Fuels, Mar.-Apr. 1995, 9, (2), 225-230. Asphaltenes obtained by precipitation with n-heptane from crude oils of different geological origin has been analyzed by a great number of spectrosco ic techniques in order to show the main molecular features which chf .P erentiate them. The most important differences found are (1) aromatic carbon and heteroatom content, (2) allcyl side-chain length, and (3) molecular weight. The results show that asphaltenes with dl’ferent aromaticity seem to be similar to their aromatic rings and condensation and/or substitution degrees. The estimated value of the average number of condensed aromatic rings is nearly 7.
A 41610 structural pattern: Computatlona on C, 95102640 Slanina, Z. and Lee, S. L. Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995, 3, (2), 151-161. An alternative structural pattern for fullerenes, inclusion of four-membered rings, is studied on the C,, case. The truncated cuboctahedron-like structure is computed (four-, SIX- and eight-membered rings) at semiempiral level (MNDO. AMl. SAMlj. Althouph the structure is a local enerEv mini&m, it ii locateh more ihan lOOO-kJ/mol above a pentagon!hexag;;h C,, structure (1500 kJ/mol in the SAM1 method). Owing to a high symmetry (0,) the computed IR spectrum is relatively simple. The inclusion of the four-membered rings can be particularly significant with heterofullerenes and possibly with odd-numbered fullerenes.
Studies on aeparatlon of functlonal materials from heavy oils by hlgh pressure crystalllzatlon. Chapter 2. Analyala of functlonal compounds In varlous fossll resources 95102641
Yamamoto, Y. et ai., Shigen Kankyo 1994, 12, 4-19. (In Japanese)
Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho
Hokoky
Studlea on separation of functlonal materials from heavy oils by high pressure crystallization. Chapter 3. Concentratlon and converslon of functional compounds 95102642
Yamamoto, Y. et al., Shigen Kankyo 1994, 12, 20-41. (In Japanese)
95102643
Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho
Hokoku,
Studies on aeoaratlon of functlonal materials from
95102634
Rheologlcal study of Ratawl vacuum residue In the 296-673 K temperature range Storm, D. A.
et al., Energy&Fuels,
Jan.-Feb.
1995, 9, (l), 168-176.
It has been reported that there is a dispersed phase in vacuum residua consisting of spherical particles in the 5-10 nm size range. These vacuum residua behave as Newtonian fluids at 93°C (366K). The authors suggest that temperature dependent rheological studies are useful for studying temperature dependent phase behaviour in such vacuum residua, because the Peclet number is so’small. 95102635 Separatlon of polar and non-polar constituents from coal tar distillates by solvent extraction Bakker, H. J. (Assigned to) Cindu Chemicals B. V., US Pat. lJS.5,354,475, Oct. 1994. A process for separating polar and non-polar constituents from coal tar distillates, comp&ing passing the distilfates over a separation column together with an eluting agent. 95102636 (SIC),, an ldeallzed Inverse superatom? Osawa, S. et al., Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995, 3, (2), 225-239. Geometry-optimization of a hypothetical double fullerene C, @ Si, with semi-empirical PM3 and ab initio DZ ECP SCF-MO methods produces sixty new Si-C bonds between the outer silicon and inner carbon shells. The formal oolvmoroh of silicon carbide thus obtained is desienated as I.(Sic) (1). hilysisrof the energy-minimum structure reveal; reasonabik bond 6Pengths and stable electronic configuration. One of the interesting aspects 01 1 is that it can be regarded as an inverse superatom having electron-deficient curved surface.
192
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1995
Yamamoto, Y. et al., Shigen Kankyo 1994, 12, 42-63. (In Japanese)
Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho
Hokoku,
A study on acoustic emission characteristics of fly ash cement mortar under compresslon 95102644
Tam, M. T. and Weng, C. C. Gem. Concr. Rex, 1994,24, (7), 1335-1346. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of the integrity of material has been widely regarded as i potentially new nondestructive testing method. This study is devoted to the investigation of AE characteristics of fly ash cement mortar under uniaxial compression. The tests on 72 specimens are reported.
Synthesis and propertles of platinum complexes of 95102645 fullerenes IC, and C,,Ivoda. M. et al.. Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995, 3: (r), 1-9. ‘” ’ Platinum complexes of C, and C,, were synthesized and characterized by using spectroscopic analysis. The X-ray data of the C -platinum complex containing no solvent of crystallization afforded the 8 efinite bond lengths and angles.
95102646 Synthesis and spectral characterlzatlon of dlfunc.I___, ~._I,___-__ r,unsc ru,,erenttrl Ishida, T. et al., Fullerene
Science & Technology,
1995, 3, (l), 85-92.
By-products m/a&d to fuels
Process for manufacture of carbon fibers from coal 95102629 (Assigned to) Enerkom Ply Ltd., GER. OjJ Morgan, D. L. et al., DE.4,327,204, Feb. 1994. A process for the manufacture of carbon fibres from coal comprises forming a solution using a dipolar aprotic solvent, from a coal derived material whereby the material has the composition, free of solvent, C 70-91, H 2-6, and 0 3-20 wt%, adding polyethylene glycol with molecular weight ~3 X lo6 to form a spinning solution, spinning to fibre, gelling the fibre, and carbonizing in a neural atmosphere at 400-1100”. 95102630
Products from flash pyrolysla of a Turkish llgnlte In a free-fall reactor under vacuum Ersahan, H. and Bilgesue, A. Y. Fuel Sci. Technol. Inf, 1994, 12, (ll), 1475-1495. The paper discusses how flash pyrolysis of a Turkish lignite under vacuum in a free-fall reactor was examined at 400-800”. Gaseous products were analyzed with an online GC equi ped with a manual injection valve. Solroduct to se arate vent fractionation was apphe?! to the liquid preasphaltenes, asphaltenes and oils fractions. The PIgnite was use jwith two article size distributions: -0.215 + 0.2 mm and -0.1 mm. The liquid yiel 8. mcreased with temperature up to 650”, and then decreased for the larger particles. 95102631
Pyrolysls of aromatlc compounds as a guide to synthetic reactlons In sediments
Smith, J. W. et al., APEA J., 1994, 34, 231-240. The paper demonstrates the syntheses of methylaromatics by the reactions of phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene with coals and CH, at 220-400°C. At tern eratures not exceeding 350°C the experimental conditions may be therma Ply equated in terms of R, values, to those approximating the oil window. Therefore, the high degree of methvlation achieved, the insensitivity of the methylation processto reaction knditions and the systematic and theoretical predictable increases with temperature in the ratio of beta/alpha substituted Me isomers of the parent aromatic hydrocarbon, provide support for significant geosynthetic processes in sediments. 95102632 Reactlon of fullerenes with radicals generated by thermal decomposltlon of azo compounds Ohno, M. et al., Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995, 3, (I), 29-35. Radicals generated thermally from azo compounds having cyan0 or ester function were added to Cw to give poly-functionalized C, derivatives. Interestingly, their reactivities toward C, were found to be higher than those toward C,,
95102633 Recovery of wax from Newell llgnlte tar and Its structural characterliatlon Tiwari, K. K. et al., Fuel, Apr. 1995, 74, (4), 517-521. An efficient method is described for the recovery of wax from lignite tar by solvent extraction followed by isolation of the wax from the extract. Light petroleum (boiling range 60-8O’C) was used as the solvent. Under optimum conditions (I.e. solvent:feed ratio=4 and time of reflux 1 h at 70 C), up to 85% of the tar could be extracted. In the next stage, almost the entire amount of wax present in the extract was precipitated by first distilling off the solvent and then treating the residual tar oil with acetone at 1O’C. The yield of wax was found to be 14.6% on a dry tar basis. The recrystallized wax was characterized by elemental analysis; Fourier transform i.r. and ‘H n.m.r. spectroscopy and molecular weight determination.
Solld brick manufacture from fly ashes, bottom 95102637 ash, Ilme, gypsum, and calcium carbonate Furlong, T. and Hearne, USS,3S8,760, Oct. 1994.
J.
(Assigned
to) Richhart,
Earl,
US Pat.
Solld-state carbonlzatlon of large polycycllc aromatlc hydrocarbons (letter)
95102636
Boenigk, W. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1995, 74, (2). 305-306. The a&ors state that solid-state carbonizatioh of large high-melting PAH and subsequent graphitization of the cokes formed is possibly a simple method of producing high-purity graphite crystals for various purposes.
95102639
Structural characterization of asphaltenes of dlffer-
ent orlglns Calemma, V. et al., Energy & Fuels, Mar.-Apr. 1995, 9, (2), 225-230. Asphaltenes obtained by precipitation with n-heptane from crude oils of different geological origin has been analyzed by a great number of spectrosco ic techniques in order to show the main molecular features which chf .P erentiate them. The most important differences found are (1) aromatic carbon and heteroatom content, (2) allcyl side-chain length, and (3) molecular weight. The results show that asphaltenes with dl’ferent aromaticity seem to be similar to their aromatic rings and condensation and/or substitution degrees. The estimated value of the average number of condensed aromatic rings is nearly 7.
A 41610 structural pattern: Computatlona on C, 95102640 Slanina, Z. and Lee, S. L. Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995, 3, (2), 151-161. An alternative structural pattern for fullerenes, inclusion of four-membered rings, is studied on the C,, case. The truncated cuboctahedron-like structure is computed (four-, SIX- and eight-membered rings) at semiempiral level (MNDO. AMl. SAMlj. Althouph the structure is a local enerEv mini&m, it ii locateh more ihan lOOO-kJ/mol above a pentagon!hexag;;h C,, structure (1500 kJ/mol in the SAM1 method). Owing to a high symmetry (0,) the computed IR spectrum is relatively simple. The inclusion of the four-membered rings can be particularly significant with heterofullerenes and possibly with odd-numbered fullerenes.
Studies on aeparatlon of functlonal materials from heavy oils by hlgh pressure crystalllzatlon. Chapter 2. Analyala of functlonal compounds In varlous fossll resources 95102641
Yamamoto, Y. et ai., Shigen Kankyo 1994, 12, 4-19. (In Japanese)
Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho
Hokoky
Studlea on separation of functlonal materials from heavy oils by high pressure crystallization. Chapter 3. Concentratlon and converslon of functional compounds 95102642
Yamamoto, Y. et al., Shigen Kankyo 1994, 12, 20-41. (In Japanese)
95102643
Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho
Hokoku,
Studies on aeoaratlon of functlonal materials from
95102634
Rheologlcal study of Ratawl vacuum residue In the 296-673 K temperature range Storm, D. A.
et al., Energy&Fuels,
Jan.-Feb.
1995, 9, (l), 168-176.
It has been reported that there is a dispersed phase in vacuum residua consisting of spherical particles in the 5-10 nm size range. These vacuum residua behave as Newtonian fluids at 93°C (366K). The authors suggest that temperature dependent rheological studies are useful for studying temperature dependent phase behaviour in such vacuum residua, because the Peclet number is so’small. 95102635 Separatlon of polar and non-polar constituents from coal tar distillates by solvent extraction Bakker, H. J. (Assigned to) Cindu Chemicals B. V., US Pat. lJS.5,354,475, Oct. 1994. A process for separating polar and non-polar constituents from coal tar distillates, comp&ing passing the distilfates over a separation column together with an eluting agent. 95102636 (SIC),, an ldeallzed Inverse superatom? Osawa, S. et al., Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995, 3, (2), 225-239. Geometry-optimization of a hypothetical double fullerene C, @ Si, with semi-empirical PM3 and ab initio DZ ECP SCF-MO methods produces sixty new Si-C bonds between the outer silicon and inner carbon shells. The formal oolvmoroh of silicon carbide thus obtained is desienated as I.(Sic) (1). hilysisrof the energy-minimum structure reveal; reasonabik bond 6Pengths and stable electronic configuration. One of the interesting aspects 01 1 is that it can be regarded as an inverse superatom having electron-deficient curved surface.
192
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1995
Yamamoto, Y. et al., Shigen Kankyo 1994, 12, 42-63. (In Japanese)
Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho
Hokoku,
A study on acoustic emission characteristics of fly ash cement mortar under compresslon 95102644
Tam, M. T. and Weng, C. C. Gem. Concr. Rex, 1994,24, (7), 1335-1346. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of the integrity of material has been widely regarded as i potentially new nondestructive testing method. This study is devoted to the investigation of AE characteristics of fly ash cement mortar under uniaxial compression. The tests on 72 specimens are reported.
Synthesis and propertles of platinum complexes of 95102645 fullerenes IC, and C,,Ivoda. M. et al.. Fullerene Science & Technology, 1995, 3: (r), 1-9. ‘” ’ Platinum complexes of C, and C,, were synthesized and characterized by using spectroscopic analysis. The X-ray data of the C -platinum complex containing no solvent of crystallization afforded the 8 efinite bond lengths and angles.
95102646 Synthesis and spectral characterlzatlon of dlfunc.I___, ~._I,___-__ r,unsc ru,,erenttrl Ishida, T. et al., Fullerene
Science & Technology,
1995, 3, (l), 85-92.