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Somatosensory event-related potential reductions to painful stimuli during hypnotic analgesia: Anterior cingulate cortex and anterior temporal cortex intera[dcranial recordings in obsessivecompulsive
Abstracts /International Journal of Psychophysiology 25 (1997) 17-84
frequent one (‘standard) of 1000 Hz and two infrequent ones (‘deviant’; probability 7%, frequency of 1300 Hz and ‘novel’, probability 7%, a mixture of various frequencies) in ‘active’ (counting deviants) and ‘passive’ (reading a book) conditions. Deviant and novel stimuli elicited a strong attention independent negativity with the peak latency about 150 ms in the temporal cortex. Novel stimuli elicited a negativity with a larger latency (about 180 ms) in the hippocampus and related structures. A realistic neural network model (consisted of 2D set of neurons with short-term synaptic plasticity) was simulated to test two alternative hypothesis regarding the mechanism of generation of the MMN and the orienting response. The results are discussed from the view point of these simulations. NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL INTRACEREBRAL CORRELATES OF A’I-I-ENTIONAL AND MOTOR DISENGAGE MENT IN MAN A.V. Sevostianov*, R. Nlltlnen’, J.D. Kropotov, K. Alho’, K. Reinikainen’, O.V. Kropotova and V.A. Ponomarev Institute of the Human Brain, St. Petersburg, Russia and ‘Cognitive Psycho-physiology Research Unit, Dept. of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland. Intracranial ERPs were recorded in 4 patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder, in 1 patient with temporal-lobe epilepsy and in 1 Parkinsonian patient bearing gold electrodes implanted for diagnosis and therapy. A high tone (H) of 1300 Hz and a low tone (L) of 1000 Hz were used as stimuli constructing four kinds of trials: LL, LH, HL, HH. The task was to press button in response to each HH pair. Three types of ERPs components were identified from difference waves: 11 the mismatch component - in the temporal cortex at latenties 110-140 ms from the onset of the second stimulus whenever this did not match the first stimulus; 2) attentional-disengagement component - in the globus pallidus and in the temporal cortex at latencies 180-250 ms, when a stimulus in a pair indicated that the trial had to be ignored; 3) motor-disengagement component - in the caudate nucleus and in the frontal cortex at latencies 290-300 ms from the onset of the second stimulus, when the patient had to suppress a prepared action. It is suggested that different circuits in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop are involved in the preparation, initiation and suppression of perceptual and motor actions. HUMAN MULTIUNIT RESPONSES RELATED PREPARATORY SET AND ATTENTION
TO
VA. Ponomarev’*, SC. Etlinger’, J.D. Kropotov’ ‘Institute of the Human Brain, St. Petersburg, Russia *Institute of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria Inpulse activity of 183 multiunits was recorded from the premotor cortex, the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus and thalamus in 15 Parkinsonian patients bearing electrodes im-
21
planted for diagnosis and therapy. The patients performed a task in which stimulus triplets (each consisted of two informational and one trigger stimulus) were presented. The patients initiated or inhibited actions (naming or counting) dependent upon the particular informational stimuli. Components of multiunit responses associated with attention and preparatory set as well as with disengagement from these states were separated. The data indicate the existence of two overlapping circuits: one is responsible for preparation to and for assessment of behavioral meaning of stimulus, the other for preparation to and for performing verbal action. SOMATOSENSORY EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL REDUCTIONS TO PAINFUL STIMULI DURING HYPNOTIC ANALGESIA: ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX AND ANTERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX INTERAlDCRANIAL RECORDINGS IN OBSESSIVECOMPULSIVE J.I. Polyakov*, J.D. Kropotov, H. Crawford’, A.V. Sevostianov Institute of the Human Brain, St. Petersburg, Russia and ‘Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacks burg, Virginia, USA Neurophysiological correlates of pain and pain control are examined by recording intracranial somatosensory event-related potentials (SERPs) to painful cutaneous stimuli in two patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder bearing multiple intracranial electrodes during conditions of (a) attention and (b) inhibition (disattention) following hypnotically suggested analgesia. No changes were observed in the SERPs of the hypnotically unresponsive patient. In the hypnotically responsive patient, reduced pain perception during suggested hyp notic analgesia was accompanied by significant reductions of (a) the P160 component of the SERP in the left anterior cingulate cortex and (b) the N200 component in the left anterior temporal cortex (Brodman area 21). No significant changes were observed in the anygdala or the scalp-recorded Fz. The present study is the first to demonstrate the involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior temporal cortex in the control of pain with hypnotically suggested analgesia. CORRELATION OF EVOKED POTENTIALS IN CORTICAL AND SUBCORTICAL AREAS OF HUMAN BRAIN DURING PSYCHOLOGICAL TASKS O.A. Korzujkov*, J.D. Kropotov, V.A. Ponomarev Institute of the Human Brain, St. Petersburg, Russia Dynamics of the correlation between evoked potentials recorded in 77 sites of different cortical and subcortical areas of the human brain was analyzed. Event-related potentials were recorded in the strio-pallido-thalamic system in 7 parkinsonian patients bearing electrodes implanted for diagnosis and therapy. The patients voluntarily participated in the ODD BALL task.
frequent one (‘standard) of 1000 Hz and two infrequent ones (‘deviant’; probability 7%, frequency of 1300 Hz and ‘novel’, probability 7%, a mixture of various frequencies) in ‘active’ (counting deviants) and ‘passive’ (reading a book) conditions. Deviant and novel stimuli elicited a strong attention independent negativity with the peak latency about 150 ms in the temporal cortex. Novel stimuli elicited a negativity with a larger latency (about 180 ms) in the hippocampus and related structures. A realistic neural network model (consisted of 2D set of neurons with short-term synaptic plasticity) was simulated to test two alternative hypothesis regarding the mechanism of generation of the MMN and the orienting response. The results are discussed from the view point of these simulations. NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL INTRACEREBRAL CORRELATES OF A’I-I-ENTIONAL AND MOTOR DISENGAGE MENT IN MAN A.V. Sevostianov*, R. Nlltlnen’, J.D. Kropotov, K. Alho’, K. Reinikainen’, O.V. Kropotova and V.A. Ponomarev Institute of the Human Brain, St. Petersburg, Russia and ‘Cognitive Psycho-physiology Research Unit, Dept. of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland. Intracranial ERPs were recorded in 4 patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder, in 1 patient with temporal-lobe epilepsy and in 1 Parkinsonian patient bearing gold electrodes implanted for diagnosis and therapy. A high tone (H) of 1300 Hz and a low tone (L) of 1000 Hz were used as stimuli constructing four kinds of trials: LL, LH, HL, HH. The task was to press button in response to each HH pair. Three types of ERPs components were identified from difference waves: 11 the mismatch component - in the temporal cortex at latenties 110-140 ms from the onset of the second stimulus whenever this did not match the first stimulus; 2) attentional-disengagement component - in the globus pallidus and in the temporal cortex at latencies 180-250 ms, when a stimulus in a pair indicated that the trial had to be ignored; 3) motor-disengagement component - in the caudate nucleus and in the frontal cortex at latencies 290-300 ms from the onset of the second stimulus, when the patient had to suppress a prepared action. It is suggested that different circuits in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop are involved in the preparation, initiation and suppression of perceptual and motor actions. HUMAN MULTIUNIT RESPONSES RELATED PREPARATORY SET AND ATTENTION
TO
VA. Ponomarev’*, SC. Etlinger’, J.D. Kropotov’ ‘Institute of the Human Brain, St. Petersburg, Russia *Institute of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria Inpulse activity of 183 multiunits was recorded from the premotor cortex, the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus and thalamus in 15 Parkinsonian patients bearing electrodes im-
21
planted for diagnosis and therapy. The patients performed a task in which stimulus triplets (each consisted of two informational and one trigger stimulus) were presented. The patients initiated or inhibited actions (naming or counting) dependent upon the particular informational stimuli. Components of multiunit responses associated with attention and preparatory set as well as with disengagement from these states were separated. The data indicate the existence of two overlapping circuits: one is responsible for preparation to and for assessment of behavioral meaning of stimulus, the other for preparation to and for performing verbal action. SOMATOSENSORY EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL REDUCTIONS TO PAINFUL STIMULI DURING HYPNOTIC ANALGESIA: ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX AND ANTERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX INTERAlDCRANIAL RECORDINGS IN OBSESSIVECOMPULSIVE J.I. Polyakov*, J.D. Kropotov, H. Crawford’, A.V. Sevostianov Institute of the Human Brain, St. Petersburg, Russia and ‘Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacks burg, Virginia, USA Neurophysiological correlates of pain and pain control are examined by recording intracranial somatosensory event-related potentials (SERPs) to painful cutaneous stimuli in two patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder bearing multiple intracranial electrodes during conditions of (a) attention and (b) inhibition (disattention) following hypnotically suggested analgesia. No changes were observed in the SERPs of the hypnotically unresponsive patient. In the hypnotically responsive patient, reduced pain perception during suggested hyp notic analgesia was accompanied by significant reductions of (a) the P160 component of the SERP in the left anterior cingulate cortex and (b) the N200 component in the left anterior temporal cortex (Brodman area 21). No significant changes were observed in the anygdala or the scalp-recorded Fz. The present study is the first to demonstrate the involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior temporal cortex in the control of pain with hypnotically suggested analgesia. CORRELATION OF EVOKED POTENTIALS IN CORTICAL AND SUBCORTICAL AREAS OF HUMAN BRAIN DURING PSYCHOLOGICAL TASKS O.A. Korzujkov*, J.D. Kropotov, V.A. Ponomarev Institute of the Human Brain, St. Petersburg, Russia Dynamics of the correlation between evoked potentials recorded in 77 sites of different cortical and subcortical areas of the human brain was analyzed. Event-related potentials were recorded in the strio-pallido-thalamic system in 7 parkinsonian patients bearing electrodes implanted for diagnosis and therapy. The patients voluntarily participated in the ODD BALL task.