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Somatostatin-like cells in the stomach of some cartilaginous fish
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SOMATOSTATIN-LIKE CELLS IN THE STOMACH OF SOME CARTILAGINOUS FISH
G Tagliafierro, G Faraldi and M Pestarino, Istituto di Anatomia Comparata, Universit~ di Genova, Genova, I t a l y . Somatostatin (SRIF) has recently been detected in extracts of the gut and paL creas of a cartilaginous fish, Poroder~a africanum and it has shown an immuno reactivity identical to mammalian hypothalamic SRIF like that of the other vertebrates. Nevertheless, no reports seem to exist relative to the cellular localization of SRIF-like im~nunoreactivity in cartilaginous fish. In order to determine the morphology and distribution of somatostatin-like cells we ap plied the indirect irmnunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods by using antiserum to synthetic ovine somatostatin on the gastric and pyloric mucosa of Scyliorhinus stellaris, Torpedo marmorata and Raja asterias. In the gastric mucosa, immunoreaetive cells have been found only at the bottom of the gastric pits, together with enterochromaffin cells and undifferentiated cells. Somato statin-like cells have not been found in the oxyntic glands. In the pyloric -mucosa, in~nunoreactive cells were generally found in the pyloric glands (crypts), scattered among other endocrine cells. In both cases SRIF-like cells are triangular in shape and of the "open" type; the presence of cytoplasmic processes (especially long in Torpedo) lying under the neighbouring cells suggests a regulatory function of the paracrine type, as observed in marmmalian vertebrates.
ORIGIN OF SP-IMMUNOREACTIVE NERVES IN THE RAT BLADDER G. Terengh{, G.P. McGregor I, W-M Huang, J. Gu, K.N. Islam, J.F.B. M~rrison 2, S.R. Bloom-, J.M. Polak. Departments of Histochemistry and Medicine-, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 OHS and Department of Physiology , Leeds University. The putative peptidergic neurotransmitter substance P has been found to be widely distributed in many peripheral tissues, including the urogenital tract. We have previously demonstrated that substance P-immunoreactive nerves in certain peripheral tissues, such as lung, originate from primary sensory neurons, which is consistent with the postulated sensory role of this peptide. In this study, we report on the possible origin of substance P-immunoreactive nerves in the bladder. Extensive denervation of the bladder was carried out on adult rats, and the variation of peptide content assessed. By immunocytochemistry, substance P-immunoreactive nerves were observed in all layers, particularly beneath the epithelium of normal bladder. Following resection of the pelvic nerve, a considerable decrease of substance P-immunoreactive fibres was observed, particularly in the mucosal layer. A less marked decrease of substance P-immunoreactivity was also seen beneath the epithelium after resection of the hypogastric nerve. The substance P content by radioimmunoassay of whole wall on the denervated side (pelvic nerve resection) was 5.3+0.6pmol/g and control intact side 7.4+i.1 pmol/g (p4 0.05 on paired basisT. Our results provide evidence that substance P-immunoreactive nerves in the bladder could originate from the pelvic nerve and, to a lesser extent, from the hypogastric nerve These results are consistent with the view that both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems could contain sensory fibres, these being prominent in the latter pathway.
SOMATOSTATIN-LIKE CELLS IN THE STOMACH OF SOME CARTILAGINOUS FISH
G Tagliafierro, G Faraldi and M Pestarino, Istituto di Anatomia Comparata, Universit~ di Genova, Genova, I t a l y . Somatostatin (SRIF) has recently been detected in extracts of the gut and paL creas of a cartilaginous fish, Poroder~a africanum and it has shown an immuno reactivity identical to mammalian hypothalamic SRIF like that of the other vertebrates. Nevertheless, no reports seem to exist relative to the cellular localization of SRIF-like im~nunoreactivity in cartilaginous fish. In order to determine the morphology and distribution of somatostatin-like cells we ap plied the indirect irmnunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods by using antiserum to synthetic ovine somatostatin on the gastric and pyloric mucosa of Scyliorhinus stellaris, Torpedo marmorata and Raja asterias. In the gastric mucosa, immunoreaetive cells have been found only at the bottom of the gastric pits, together with enterochromaffin cells and undifferentiated cells. Somato statin-like cells have not been found in the oxyntic glands. In the pyloric -mucosa, in~nunoreactive cells were generally found in the pyloric glands (crypts), scattered among other endocrine cells. In both cases SRIF-like cells are triangular in shape and of the "open" type; the presence of cytoplasmic processes (especially long in Torpedo) lying under the neighbouring cells suggests a regulatory function of the paracrine type, as observed in marmmalian vertebrates.
ORIGIN OF SP-IMMUNOREACTIVE NERVES IN THE RAT BLADDER G. Terengh{, G.P. McGregor I, W-M Huang, J. Gu, K.N. Islam, J.F.B. M~rrison 2, S.R. Bloom-, J.M. Polak. Departments of Histochemistry and Medicine-, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 OHS and Department of Physiology , Leeds University. The putative peptidergic neurotransmitter substance P has been found to be widely distributed in many peripheral tissues, including the urogenital tract. We have previously demonstrated that substance P-immunoreactive nerves in certain peripheral tissues, such as lung, originate from primary sensory neurons, which is consistent with the postulated sensory role of this peptide. In this study, we report on the possible origin of substance P-immunoreactive nerves in the bladder. Extensive denervation of the bladder was carried out on adult rats, and the variation of peptide content assessed. By immunocytochemistry, substance P-immunoreactive nerves were observed in all layers, particularly beneath the epithelium of normal bladder. Following resection of the pelvic nerve, a considerable decrease of substance P-immunoreactive fibres was observed, particularly in the mucosal layer. A less marked decrease of substance P-immunoreactivity was also seen beneath the epithelium after resection of the hypogastric nerve. The substance P content by radioimmunoassay of whole wall on the denervated side (pelvic nerve resection) was 5.3+0.6pmol/g and control intact side 7.4+i.1 pmol/g (p4 0.05 on paired basisT. Our results provide evidence that substance P-immunoreactive nerves in the bladder could originate from the pelvic nerve and, to a lesser extent, from the hypogastric nerve These results are consistent with the view that both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems could contain sensory fibres, these being prominent in the latter pathway.