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Some hydrogeophysical properties of the Chalk of Humberside and Lincolnshire
56A
HYDROGEOLOGY:GROUNDWATER
952083 The water inventory of the Earth: fluids and tectonics W. S. Fyfe, in: Geofluids: origin, migration and evolution of fluids in sedimentary basins, ed J. Parnell, (Geological Society, London; Special Publication, 78), 1994, pp 1-7. As the human population continues to expand, to approach ten billion, there will be an increasing demand upon all Earth's resources. Of particular importance will be resources related to energy, soil and water, all of which involve geofluide. Problems associated with waste disposal also involve systems for protecting near-surface water quality. There is an urgent need to quantify the fluid inventory and fluid dynamics of the near surface, while understanding volatiles and their deep recycling is fundamental to our understanding of the major dynamic processes of the Earth. (Author) 952084 The paleohydrology of southeast Missouri Mississippi Valley-type deposits: interplay of faults, fluids, and adjoining lithologies C. W. Clendenin, C. A. Niewendorp, M. J. Dnane & G. R. Lowell, Economic Geology, 89(2), 1994, pp 322-332. Observations and geochemical data provide insight into the paleohydrology influencing development of Mississippi Valley-type deposits in southeast Missouri and provide clarification and justification of flow paths in light of proposals of fault hydrodynamics versus a continuous aquifer model. Faults are reen~niz~d as pathways for, as well as horizontal harriers to, fluid flow in a hydrologically compartmentalized region. These relations also indicate that at least two geochemically distinct fluids mineralized Late Cambrian hosts. One of the fluids may have originated in the Reelfoot rift, whereas the other evolved in a recharge area stretching along the Onachita front and exploited the Reelfoot rift. (from Authors) 952085 Some hydrogenphysical properties of the Chalk of Humberside and Lincolnshire R. D. Barker, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 27 Suppl, 1994, pp 5-13. The results of laboratory measurements of various hydrological and physical properties of the Chalk of Lincolnshire and Humberside are presented. The measured parameters include density, porosity, hydraulic conductivity and formation factor. The equations governing their inter-relationships have been determined. Examination of the manner in which these properties vary with stratigraphic level shows that porosity increases upwards from the stratigraphic base of the Chalk while density and formation factor decrease. (Author)
the saline connate groundwater has been largely flushed out and replaced by water of high quality. (from Author) 952087 Geology and geomorphology of the Auriaad district N. Rye & P. E. Faugli, Norsk Geograflsk Tidsskrifi, 48(1-2), 1994, pp 13-22. This article outlines the geo-specific conditions that prevail in the catchment area of the Aurland watercourse. Special emphasis has been given to geology and geomorphology. The article also contains an assessment of the impact of hydropower development on local geo-specific conditions. (from Authors) 952088 Proceedings of the seventh national oatdoer action conference and exlmsition, Lns Vegas, 1993 ed A. Stanley, Ground Water Management, 15, 1993, 746 pp. The 1993 Outdoor Action Conference and Exposition was held at Las Vegas in May 1993. This volume contains a compilation of papers presented there. The papers cover a wide range of topics in the following subject areas: remediation, borehole geophysics, surface geophysics, sampling and analysis, business related issues, and mining. (S.E.Brown) 952089 Development of a gronndwater-management model using the dBASE facility A. Mukhopadhyay, D. Saha & A. K. Saha, Computers & Geosciences, 20(7-8), 1994, pp 1065-1102. Software, using the command language of the dBASE datamanagement system, was developed for managing the groundwater resources of an area. The software may be used for a preliminary estimate of the inflow and outflow components of the groundwater-flow regime of a study area and the resulting net change in storage. The potential for further development of the groundwater resources in the study area also may be assessed from these estimates. The software is applicable especially where insufficient data are available for use in a sophisticated numerical groundwaterflow model. (Authors)
Groundwater 95209O Recognition of the thermal effects of fluid flow in sedimentary basins I. R. Duddy, P, F. Green, R. J. Bray & K. A. Hegarty, in:
Geofluids: origin, migration and evolution of fluids in sedimentary basins, ed J. Parnell, (Geological Society, 952086 Recharge of the Lower Greoueand aquifer at Slough, England R. H. L. Egerton, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 27 Suppl, 1994, pp 57-71. The Lower Greensand beneath Slough has provided a constant and reliable supply of high quality water to local industry since 1909. The source of this water has always been uncertain and it is thought that it is either derived from storage or recharged from the outcrops. An alternative explanation is presented that assumes downward leakage from the Chalk through the Upper Greensand and G-ault, together with recharge occurring under the Chilterns to the north of Slough. The structure of the strata beneath Slough is such that there is a corridor of more transmissive Lower Greeusand abutting the London Platform. This has enabled flow to occur from north to south since the Pleistocene so that
London; Special Pubfication, 78), 1994, pp 325-345. Steady-state systems are characterized by dog-leg geothermal gradients, with high-interval gradients near the surface, above the shallowest aquifer, and lower interval gradients beneath an aquifer. It is argued that the classic occurrence of near vertical vitrinite reflectance-depth profiles observed in many ancient foreland basins can result from this mechanism. Thermal effects of transient fluid flow are most easily observed at the present-day, where they are characterized by low or negative geothermal gradients beneath aquifers in active geothermal systems, and the same criterion enables their recognition in ancient situations. Similar, shallow-level igneous intrusion into porous and permeable sediments can produce observable thermal signatures. The thermal consequences of fluid flow in two of these situations, a foreland basin and igneous intrusion into porous sediments, are illustrated by examples of thermal history reconstruction
HYDROGEOLOGY:GROUNDWATER
952083 The water inventory of the Earth: fluids and tectonics W. S. Fyfe, in: Geofluids: origin, migration and evolution of fluids in sedimentary basins, ed J. Parnell, (Geological Society, London; Special Publication, 78), 1994, pp 1-7. As the human population continues to expand, to approach ten billion, there will be an increasing demand upon all Earth's resources. Of particular importance will be resources related to energy, soil and water, all of which involve geofluide. Problems associated with waste disposal also involve systems for protecting near-surface water quality. There is an urgent need to quantify the fluid inventory and fluid dynamics of the near surface, while understanding volatiles and their deep recycling is fundamental to our understanding of the major dynamic processes of the Earth. (Author) 952084 The paleohydrology of southeast Missouri Mississippi Valley-type deposits: interplay of faults, fluids, and adjoining lithologies C. W. Clendenin, C. A. Niewendorp, M. J. Dnane & G. R. Lowell, Economic Geology, 89(2), 1994, pp 322-332. Observations and geochemical data provide insight into the paleohydrology influencing development of Mississippi Valley-type deposits in southeast Missouri and provide clarification and justification of flow paths in light of proposals of fault hydrodynamics versus a continuous aquifer model. Faults are reen~niz~d as pathways for, as well as horizontal harriers to, fluid flow in a hydrologically compartmentalized region. These relations also indicate that at least two geochemically distinct fluids mineralized Late Cambrian hosts. One of the fluids may have originated in the Reelfoot rift, whereas the other evolved in a recharge area stretching along the Onachita front and exploited the Reelfoot rift. (from Authors) 952085 Some hydrogenphysical properties of the Chalk of Humberside and Lincolnshire R. D. Barker, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 27 Suppl, 1994, pp 5-13. The results of laboratory measurements of various hydrological and physical properties of the Chalk of Lincolnshire and Humberside are presented. The measured parameters include density, porosity, hydraulic conductivity and formation factor. The equations governing their inter-relationships have been determined. Examination of the manner in which these properties vary with stratigraphic level shows that porosity increases upwards from the stratigraphic base of the Chalk while density and formation factor decrease. (Author)
the saline connate groundwater has been largely flushed out and replaced by water of high quality. (from Author) 952087 Geology and geomorphology of the Auriaad district N. Rye & P. E. Faugli, Norsk Geograflsk Tidsskrifi, 48(1-2), 1994, pp 13-22. This article outlines the geo-specific conditions that prevail in the catchment area of the Aurland watercourse. Special emphasis has been given to geology and geomorphology. The article also contains an assessment of the impact of hydropower development on local geo-specific conditions. (from Authors) 952088 Proceedings of the seventh national oatdoer action conference and exlmsition, Lns Vegas, 1993 ed A. Stanley, Ground Water Management, 15, 1993, 746 pp. The 1993 Outdoor Action Conference and Exposition was held at Las Vegas in May 1993. This volume contains a compilation of papers presented there. The papers cover a wide range of topics in the following subject areas: remediation, borehole geophysics, surface geophysics, sampling and analysis, business related issues, and mining. (S.E.Brown) 952089 Development of a gronndwater-management model using the dBASE facility A. Mukhopadhyay, D. Saha & A. K. Saha, Computers & Geosciences, 20(7-8), 1994, pp 1065-1102. Software, using the command language of the dBASE datamanagement system, was developed for managing the groundwater resources of an area. The software may be used for a preliminary estimate of the inflow and outflow components of the groundwater-flow regime of a study area and the resulting net change in storage. The potential for further development of the groundwater resources in the study area also may be assessed from these estimates. The software is applicable especially where insufficient data are available for use in a sophisticated numerical groundwaterflow model. (Authors)
Groundwater 95209O Recognition of the thermal effects of fluid flow in sedimentary basins I. R. Duddy, P, F. Green, R. J. Bray & K. A. Hegarty, in:
Geofluids: origin, migration and evolution of fluids in sedimentary basins, ed J. Parnell, (Geological Society, 952086 Recharge of the Lower Greoueand aquifer at Slough, England R. H. L. Egerton, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 27 Suppl, 1994, pp 57-71. The Lower Greensand beneath Slough has provided a constant and reliable supply of high quality water to local industry since 1909. The source of this water has always been uncertain and it is thought that it is either derived from storage or recharged from the outcrops. An alternative explanation is presented that assumes downward leakage from the Chalk through the Upper Greensand and G-ault, together with recharge occurring under the Chilterns to the north of Slough. The structure of the strata beneath Slough is such that there is a corridor of more transmissive Lower Greeusand abutting the London Platform. This has enabled flow to occur from north to south since the Pleistocene so that
London; Special Pubfication, 78), 1994, pp 325-345. Steady-state systems are characterized by dog-leg geothermal gradients, with high-interval gradients near the surface, above the shallowest aquifer, and lower interval gradients beneath an aquifer. It is argued that the classic occurrence of near vertical vitrinite reflectance-depth profiles observed in many ancient foreland basins can result from this mechanism. Thermal effects of transient fluid flow are most easily observed at the present-day, where they are characterized by low or negative geothermal gradients beneath aquifers in active geothermal systems, and the same criterion enables their recognition in ancient situations. Similar, shallow-level igneous intrusion into porous and permeable sediments can produce observable thermal signatures. The thermal consequences of fluid flow in two of these situations, a foreland basin and igneous intrusion into porous sediments, are illustrated by examples of thermal history reconstruction