- Email: [email protected]
Some new discomycete species
Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 50 (1),9-13 (1967) Printed in Great Britain
SOME NEW DISCOMYCETE SPECIES By W. D. GRADDON
Ross-on- Wye, Herefordshire (With
2
Text-figures)
Four new species are described: Haglundia elegantior, Calycella fusco-cincta, Pirottaea nigro-striata and Microscypha enrhizus.
Despite the work of many ardent collectors over the past half century, it is still possible to come upon extensive colonies of good material of species which appear to have escaped description. The species here described have been found in short excursions and quite casually; doubtless many more await discovery. Haglundia elegantior sp.nov. (Fig.
I
A)
Apothecia dense et late gregaria, superficialia, 0·5-4 mm lata. Hymenium humectatum griseo-caeruleum. Margine albido, compacto, non-fimbriato. Excipulum ad 15°# crassum marginem versus tenuius, textura-globulosum cellulis ad 15# diam.; cellulis exterioribus in pilos cylindricos ad 70# longos et 5# crassis, fiexuosos, septatos, obtusos, albidos excurrentibus. Asci anguste cylindrici ca. 100 x 7-8#, apice rotundato, poro minutissimo iodo adjuvante non caerulescenti. Sporae octonae, hyalinae, continuae, ellipsoideo-fusiformes 1 1 -13" 5 x 3-4#. Paraphyses cylindricae, rigidae, ascos superantes, guttulis electri colore refulgentibus repletae. In ligno putrido quercuum, Bishopswood prope Ross-on-Wye, Hfds., Nov. 1964, Typus in Herb. W.D.G. No. 1689. Ab H. pereleganti colore, sporis majoribus, margine non-fimbriato, pilis hyalinis differt.
Nannfeldt (1932) erected the genus Haglundia for the single species H. perelegans which has since been recorded several times for Britain (Graddon, 1958). It is gratifying to add to the genus a second species fully embodying its characters and yet adequately distinct from the type. The colony here described was extensive, covering every surface of a much fissured and very decayed stump; at first glance one thought of a colony of outsize Mollisia cinerea. In structure the fungus resembles H. perelegans and what Nannfeldt called' die ausgewohnlich gut entwickelte Wachstumzone' shows up well as a stratified zone of hyphae lying between the inner flesh and the excipulum. The almost colourless cortical hairs give the fungus an appearance quite different from that of H. perelegans, particularly when dry; the latter is then chocolate brown and velvety externally whereas our fungus has a white zone-as though touched with frost-extending some distance from the margin down to the dark olive brown lower cortex. Calycella fusco-cincta sp.nov. (Fig.
I
B)
Apothecia dense gregaria, superficialia, obconica, ad 1 '25 mm lata. Hymenium humectatum planum, fiaveolum, margine anguste et nigro cinctum. Extus glabra, atraochracea. Caro hyphis hyalinis (3-5# lata) intertextis. Excipulum hypherum similium
10
Transactions British Mycological Society
parallele positarium et plus minusve ad corticem normalium, in cellam fuscam et globosam terminantium. Margo hypherum gracilium (2-4,u), fuscarum, septatarum plus minusve parallele ad corticem positarium. Asci anguste clavati, 60-65 x 6-7,u, poro iodo adjuvante non-caerulescenti. Sporae octonae, hyalinae, continuae, fusiformes, 6·25-9 x
a
A
b
10,u f---l
c B 300p I I Fig. I. A, Haglundia elegantior (type): median section, spores, ascus and paraphysis; (a), surface hairs. B, Calyeella fusco-cincta (type): median section, spores, asci and paraphysis; (b, e), sections of excipulum,
New Discomycetes. W. D. Graddon
II
I '7 5-2 ' 251£. Paraphyses parte inferiori furcatae in apicem clavatum, gracilem (2- 31£) sensim inc rass a ta e. In superficie dura truncorum quercinorum, Bishopswood prope Ross-on-Wye, Hfds., D ec . 1964 . Typus in H erb. W.D.G. No. 1689.
c 10p I---l
a
d
A
1501£
B
10p J---;
c Fig. 2 . A (a- e), M icroscypha enrhizus (type): (a), spores; (b) asci and paraphyses; (c), marginal hairs; (d ), surface view of cortex ; (e), median sections from two apothecia. B, M icroscypha grisella (Syd . myc. germ. 1632): median section; (f) section of cxcipulum with hair base. C (g-i), Pirottaea nigra-striata (type): (g), median section and surface view of upper cortex; (h), group of hairs; (i) , spores, ascus and paraphysis.
The fungus grew in small dense colonies on the sawn, hard surfaces of several oak stumps; it remained in good condition for many weeks despite snow and severe frosts. Apart from the dark margin it appears to be a good Calycella. The excipulum is onl y poorly differentiated by a tendency of the flesh hyphae to align th emselves normally to th e surface. The dark cortex is very thin and the clear ochraceous flesh can be seen through it; as the margin is approached th e development of dark pigment intensifies and the margin itself is composed of sever al parallel strands of densely compacted dark hyphae.
12
Transactions British Mycological Society
Microscypha enrhizus sp.nov. (Fig.
2 A)
Apothecia aut singillatim au t cor ymbis duorum vel usqu e quinque, ex pseudostroma globosa hyalinia erumpentia; brevi-stipitata, pilosula, ad 0'5 mm lata. Hymenium humectatum planum vel convexum, luteolum. Excipulum textura-prismaticum, cellulis (ad 13 x 6/1) hyalinis, plus rninusve uniseriatis; cellulis exterioribus et marginalibus in pilos ad 60/1 longos et 2/1 cr assos, flexuosos, obtusos, parte inferiori septatos, hyalinos excurrentibus. Asci 40-45 x 4-5/1, poro iodo adjuvante ca erulescenti. Sporae octonae, fusiform es, 6- 9 x 2/1. Paraphyses parte inferiori furcatae, tenues (2/1), r-plusve septato, apicem obtusum vel sub-lanceolatum. In foliis marcidis Ilicis aquifoliae, Welsh Newton, Hfds. , Jan. 1966. Typus in H erb. W.D.G . No. 1723.
This little fungus occurred in great quantity on dead leaves rather deeply buried in a thick deposit beneath a holly hedge; few leaves were heavily infected, most carrying colonies in only one or two of the leaf points; the under surface of the leaf was much preferred. The marginal hair pattern exactly matches that of the generic type, M. grisella (Rehm) Sydow, illustrated by Nannfeldt, (1932 fig. 441). A feature of our fungus is the relatively large globose, hyaline pseudostroma lying within the host tissue; a similar albeit smaller hyphal mass also occurs in M. grisella (Fig. 2 B) A second species is now added to the hitherto monospecific genus Microscypha without stretching the original concept. Pirottaea nigro-striata sp.nov, (Fig.
2
C)
Apothecia gregaria, erumpentia, rugosa, globosa, ad 450/1 lata. Hymenium humectatum pallidum per porum apicalem ca . 200/" diam. visible. Extus pallida, supra verticale nigro-striata, infra nigro-punctata, Margo angustus, densus, hyalinus. Excipulum textura-globulosum c. 35/1 latum, paululum ad marginem tenuatium. Asci 50-65 X 5-7/1, poro iodo adjuvante caerulescenti. Sporae octonae, 8.5-12 x 2-2'5/1, fusiformes, guttulis binis rninutis, polaribus praeditaes, nunnumquam r-septatae. Paraphyses parte inferiori furcatae, tenues (2/1), rigidae, apicem non-incrassatae. Ad caules corticatos anni praet eriti Herac1ei sphondylii, Pickering, Yorks ., Maio 1953 et Junio 1963, leg. W. G. Bramley. Typus in H erb. W. D.G. No. 1669.
This little fungus has the basal structure of a Pyrenopeeiza sensu Hutter (1958) but the fascicles of short, unequal hairs which cover the upper cortex are unlike the pale, more flexuose hairs often present in species of this genus and do not overtop the compact margin. The rigidity of the hairs and their very dark colour recall those of Pirrotaea and on this account I place the fungus here. In the collections seen it grew only on the areas of residual cortex still attached in patches to th e Heracleum stems. Mollisia pastinacae Nannf. grew in plenty on the areas of exposed wood cylinder of the host stem but did not invade the cortex residues-an interesting example of adjacent ecological niches. I wish to thank Dr R. W. G. Dennis for the loan of collections and for helpful discussion. T ype material of the above described species has been deposited in Herb. K.
New Discomycetes. W. D. Graddon REFERENCES
GRADDON, W. D. (1958). British Records No.2!. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 41, 261. HUTTER, R. (1958). Untersuchungen tiber die Gattung Pyrenopeziza. Phytopath. Z· 33, T, I-54. NANNFELDT, J. A. (1932). Studien tiber die Morphologie und Systematik der nichtlichenisierten inoperculaten Discomyceten. Nova Acta R. Soc. Scient. upsal. Ser. 4, 8 (2), 5-368.
(Accepted for publication 14 March 1966)
SOME NEW DISCOMYCETE SPECIES By W. D. GRADDON
Ross-on- Wye, Herefordshire (With
2
Text-figures)
Four new species are described: Haglundia elegantior, Calycella fusco-cincta, Pirottaea nigro-striata and Microscypha enrhizus.
Despite the work of many ardent collectors over the past half century, it is still possible to come upon extensive colonies of good material of species which appear to have escaped description. The species here described have been found in short excursions and quite casually; doubtless many more await discovery. Haglundia elegantior sp.nov. (Fig.
I
A)
Apothecia dense et late gregaria, superficialia, 0·5-4 mm lata. Hymenium humectatum griseo-caeruleum. Margine albido, compacto, non-fimbriato. Excipulum ad 15°# crassum marginem versus tenuius, textura-globulosum cellulis ad 15# diam.; cellulis exterioribus in pilos cylindricos ad 70# longos et 5# crassis, fiexuosos, septatos, obtusos, albidos excurrentibus. Asci anguste cylindrici ca. 100 x 7-8#, apice rotundato, poro minutissimo iodo adjuvante non caerulescenti. Sporae octonae, hyalinae, continuae, ellipsoideo-fusiformes 1 1 -13" 5 x 3-4#. Paraphyses cylindricae, rigidae, ascos superantes, guttulis electri colore refulgentibus repletae. In ligno putrido quercuum, Bishopswood prope Ross-on-Wye, Hfds., Nov. 1964, Typus in Herb. W.D.G. No. 1689. Ab H. pereleganti colore, sporis majoribus, margine non-fimbriato, pilis hyalinis differt.
Nannfeldt (1932) erected the genus Haglundia for the single species H. perelegans which has since been recorded several times for Britain (Graddon, 1958). It is gratifying to add to the genus a second species fully embodying its characters and yet adequately distinct from the type. The colony here described was extensive, covering every surface of a much fissured and very decayed stump; at first glance one thought of a colony of outsize Mollisia cinerea. In structure the fungus resembles H. perelegans and what Nannfeldt called' die ausgewohnlich gut entwickelte Wachstumzone' shows up well as a stratified zone of hyphae lying between the inner flesh and the excipulum. The almost colourless cortical hairs give the fungus an appearance quite different from that of H. perelegans, particularly when dry; the latter is then chocolate brown and velvety externally whereas our fungus has a white zone-as though touched with frost-extending some distance from the margin down to the dark olive brown lower cortex. Calycella fusco-cincta sp.nov. (Fig.
I
B)
Apothecia dense gregaria, superficialia, obconica, ad 1 '25 mm lata. Hymenium humectatum planum, fiaveolum, margine anguste et nigro cinctum. Extus glabra, atraochracea. Caro hyphis hyalinis (3-5# lata) intertextis. Excipulum hypherum similium
10
Transactions British Mycological Society
parallele positarium et plus minusve ad corticem normalium, in cellam fuscam et globosam terminantium. Margo hypherum gracilium (2-4,u), fuscarum, septatarum plus minusve parallele ad corticem positarium. Asci anguste clavati, 60-65 x 6-7,u, poro iodo adjuvante non-caerulescenti. Sporae octonae, hyalinae, continuae, fusiformes, 6·25-9 x
a
A
b
10,u f---l
c B 300p I I Fig. I. A, Haglundia elegantior (type): median section, spores, ascus and paraphysis; (a), surface hairs. B, Calyeella fusco-cincta (type): median section, spores, asci and paraphysis; (b, e), sections of excipulum,
New Discomycetes. W. D. Graddon
II
I '7 5-2 ' 251£. Paraphyses parte inferiori furcatae in apicem clavatum, gracilem (2- 31£) sensim inc rass a ta e. In superficie dura truncorum quercinorum, Bishopswood prope Ross-on-Wye, Hfds., D ec . 1964 . Typus in H erb. W.D.G. No. 1689.
c 10p I---l
a
d
A
1501£
B
10p J---;
c Fig. 2 . A (a- e), M icroscypha enrhizus (type): (a), spores; (b) asci and paraphyses; (c), marginal hairs; (d ), surface view of cortex ; (e), median sections from two apothecia. B, M icroscypha grisella (Syd . myc. germ. 1632): median section; (f) section of cxcipulum with hair base. C (g-i), Pirottaea nigra-striata (type): (g), median section and surface view of upper cortex; (h), group of hairs; (i) , spores, ascus and paraphysis.
The fungus grew in small dense colonies on the sawn, hard surfaces of several oak stumps; it remained in good condition for many weeks despite snow and severe frosts. Apart from the dark margin it appears to be a good Calycella. The excipulum is onl y poorly differentiated by a tendency of the flesh hyphae to align th emselves normally to th e surface. The dark cortex is very thin and the clear ochraceous flesh can be seen through it; as the margin is approached th e development of dark pigment intensifies and the margin itself is composed of sever al parallel strands of densely compacted dark hyphae.
12
Transactions British Mycological Society
Microscypha enrhizus sp.nov. (Fig.
2 A)
Apothecia aut singillatim au t cor ymbis duorum vel usqu e quinque, ex pseudostroma globosa hyalinia erumpentia; brevi-stipitata, pilosula, ad 0'5 mm lata. Hymenium humectatum planum vel convexum, luteolum. Excipulum textura-prismaticum, cellulis (ad 13 x 6/1) hyalinis, plus rninusve uniseriatis; cellulis exterioribus et marginalibus in pilos ad 60/1 longos et 2/1 cr assos, flexuosos, obtusos, parte inferiori septatos, hyalinos excurrentibus. Asci 40-45 x 4-5/1, poro iodo adjuvante ca erulescenti. Sporae octonae, fusiform es, 6- 9 x 2/1. Paraphyses parte inferiori furcatae, tenues (2/1), r-plusve septato, apicem obtusum vel sub-lanceolatum. In foliis marcidis Ilicis aquifoliae, Welsh Newton, Hfds. , Jan. 1966. Typus in H erb. W.D.G . No. 1723.
This little fungus occurred in great quantity on dead leaves rather deeply buried in a thick deposit beneath a holly hedge; few leaves were heavily infected, most carrying colonies in only one or two of the leaf points; the under surface of the leaf was much preferred. The marginal hair pattern exactly matches that of the generic type, M. grisella (Rehm) Sydow, illustrated by Nannfeldt, (1932 fig. 441). A feature of our fungus is the relatively large globose, hyaline pseudostroma lying within the host tissue; a similar albeit smaller hyphal mass also occurs in M. grisella (Fig. 2 B) A second species is now added to the hitherto monospecific genus Microscypha without stretching the original concept. Pirottaea nigro-striata sp.nov, (Fig.
2
C)
Apothecia gregaria, erumpentia, rugosa, globosa, ad 450/1 lata. Hymenium humectatum pallidum per porum apicalem ca . 200/" diam. visible. Extus pallida, supra verticale nigro-striata, infra nigro-punctata, Margo angustus, densus, hyalinus. Excipulum textura-globulosum c. 35/1 latum, paululum ad marginem tenuatium. Asci 50-65 X 5-7/1, poro iodo adjuvante caerulescenti. Sporae octonae, 8.5-12 x 2-2'5/1, fusiformes, guttulis binis rninutis, polaribus praeditaes, nunnumquam r-septatae. Paraphyses parte inferiori furcatae, tenues (2/1), rigidae, apicem non-incrassatae. Ad caules corticatos anni praet eriti Herac1ei sphondylii, Pickering, Yorks ., Maio 1953 et Junio 1963, leg. W. G. Bramley. Typus in H erb. W. D.G. No. 1669.
This little fungus has the basal structure of a Pyrenopeeiza sensu Hutter (1958) but the fascicles of short, unequal hairs which cover the upper cortex are unlike the pale, more flexuose hairs often present in species of this genus and do not overtop the compact margin. The rigidity of the hairs and their very dark colour recall those of Pirrotaea and on this account I place the fungus here. In the collections seen it grew only on the areas of residual cortex still attached in patches to th e Heracleum stems. Mollisia pastinacae Nannf. grew in plenty on the areas of exposed wood cylinder of the host stem but did not invade the cortex residues-an interesting example of adjacent ecological niches. I wish to thank Dr R. W. G. Dennis for the loan of collections and for helpful discussion. T ype material of the above described species has been deposited in Herb. K.
New Discomycetes. W. D. Graddon REFERENCES
GRADDON, W. D. (1958). British Records No.2!. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 41, 261. HUTTER, R. (1958). Untersuchungen tiber die Gattung Pyrenopeziza. Phytopath. Z· 33, T, I-54. NANNFELDT, J. A. (1932). Studien tiber die Morphologie und Systematik der nichtlichenisierten inoperculaten Discomyceten. Nova Acta R. Soc. Scient. upsal. Ser. 4, 8 (2), 5-368.
(Accepted for publication 14 March 1966)