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Source of natural gas in Ordovician in Tabamiao area of North Ordos Basin
03 Gaseous fuels (sources, properties, recovery, treatment) specific coal sample and xenon gas conditions, different structures (in the length scale given above) and lithotypes have different adsorption capacity and rate behaviour. SEM images were also used to define the regions showing different adsorption behaviour.
02/01391 Controlled heating of coal seams for in-situ hydrocarbon recovery Wellington, S.L. et al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 01 81,240 (CI. C01B), 1 Nov 2001, US Appl. PV199,213, 24 Apt 2000. 570. ln-situ hydrocarbon recovery from coal beds consists of heating the coal seam with one or more heat sources, in which the heat from the heat sources to selected sections of the seam is controlled such that an average temperature of < 375 ° is maintained throughout a majority of the sections of the formation, and producing hydrocarbon liquids and gases. The superposition of two or more heat sources result in pyrolysis of some of the hydrocarbons within the coal seam. Suitable heat sources include electric heaters, surface burners, flameless distributed combustors, and natural distributed eombustors. The pressure is controlled as a function of temperature, or the temperature is controlled as a function of pressure, especially by valves coupled to one of the heat sources or Coupled to the production well, such that the average heating rate in the formation is < l°/day during pyrolysis. The process, which can also be used for hydrocarbon recovery from petroleum reservoirs and oil shale beds, can be modified for recovery and treatment of products more typical of coal processing (e.g. ammonia, H2S, aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrolysed tars, etc.).
02/01395 Massive vein-fillinggas hydrate: relation to ongoing gas migration from the deep subsurface in the Gulf of Mexico Sassen, R. et al. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2001, 18, (5), 551-560. A gas hydrate mound that contains massive, vein-filling, structure II gas hydrate occurs on the upper continental slope (~540 m water depth) of the Gulf of Mexico, southwest of the Mississippi Delta. The mound is located in the Green Canyon (GC) Block 185, adjacent to Jolliet Field in GC 184. Jolliet Field contains oil and gas that filled fault traps caused by salt deformation during late Pleistocene-Holocene time. In contrast to reservoir oil in Jollier Field, which shows bacterial oxidation effects, the C1-C5 reservoir gas is unaltered by bacterial oxidation. Disassociated gas is assumed to have recently entered from the subsurface hydrocarbon system. Vertical migration of gas along faults is ongoing, manifested on the sea floor by gas vents, gas hydrate, complex chemosynthetic communities, and by a large gas plume that extends from the vents to the sea surface. The isotopic properties of ClC5 hydrocarbons from reservoirs, gas vents, and gas hydrate correlate closely. Although outcropping gas hydrate is transiently stable because of variations in seawater temperature, the bulk of buried gas hydrate at GC 185 is stable and perhaps increasing in volume because of the copious gas flux. The massive accumulation of gas hydrate at the GC 185 site is attributed to the gas that has recently entered the vents, largely from Jolliet Field, and to the synchronous activation of fault conduits allowing gas migration to the sea floor. Synchronous late gas charge and faulting could also explain the wide distribution of gas hydrate across the upper Gulf slope.
02/01396 02/01392 Controlled heating of reservoirs, coal seams, and oil shale beds for in-situ hydrocarbon recovery Berchenko, I.E. et al. PCT Int. AppI. WO 01 81,239 (CI. C01B), 1 Nov 2001, US Appl. PV199,215, 24 Apr 2000. x682. ln-situ hydrocarbon recovery from a hydrocarbon formation (especially coal formations, oil shale, and heavy petroleum reservoirs) consists of heating the reservoir with one or more heat sources, controlling the heat from the heat sources to selected sections of the formation such that an average temperature of <375 ° is maintained throughout a majority of the sections of the formation, and producing hydrocarbon liquids and gases. The superposition of two or more heat sources result in pyrolysis of some of the hydrocarbons within the formation. Suitable heat sources include electric heaters, surface burners, fiameless distributed combustors, and natural distributed combustors. The pressure is controlled as a function of temperature, or the temperature is controlled as a function of pressure, especially by valves coupled to one of the heat sources or coupled to the production well, such that the average heating rate in the formation is
02/01393 Experimental studyofmechsnism of exploiting coal-bed methane by injecting carbon dioxide or nitrogen Ma, Z. et al. Taiyuan Ligong Daxue Xuebao, 2001, 32, (4), 335-338. (In Chinese) The current main problems of exploiting coal-bed methane are stated and the technique of injecting carbon dioxide or nitrogen to make methane adsorbed flow from coal seams to enhance reclaim rate of coal-bed methane is pointed out based on the analysis of the adsorption mechanism of coal to different gases, including carbon dioxide, methane or nitrogen. Based on theories and through experiments the authors conclude that function of carbon dioxide injecting is better than that of nitrogen on the basis of different mechanism of injecting different gases to make methane adsorbed flow.
02/01394 In situ recovery of hydrocarbons from a kerogencontaining formation Berchenko, I.E. et al. PCT Int. AppI. WO 01 81,720 (CI. E21B43/24), 1 Nov 2001, US Appl. PV199,215, 24 Apr 2000. 40. The present invention provides a method for the in-situ pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in a subterranean kerogen-containing formation, comprising: providing heat to at least a portion of the kerogen-containing formation such that at least a part of the heated portion reaches the pyrolysis temperature of kerogen, yielding pyrolysis products; and collecting pyrolysis products from the subterranean formation; wherein the subterranean formation is selected to comprise kerogen with a vitrinite reflectance of 0.2 to 3.0. Further, the invention provides a method for synthesis gas production after the collection of pyrolysis products by allowing the kerogen-containing formation to react with a synthesis gas generating fluid.
180
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 2002
Methane content models of the Silesia coal field
Kedzior, S. Zesz. Nauk. Politech. S/ask., Gorn., 2000, 246, (1), 213-221. (In Polish) Silesia coal deposit characterize itself big methane resources and high methane-bearing capacity in spite of a low coal seams carbonifieation. That is why a big amount of methane must have migrated from the outside to Silesia coal deposit. The gas migration pathway could be parallel (of latitude) fault Ruptawa-Czechowiee-Marcyporeba. During clay sedimentation in miocene period the fault changed into gas hermetic trap screen which supported the accumulation of a larg.e amount of gas. The gas collector properties of Laziska sandstones m the north part of deposit are also important. There are large amounts of free methane in these sandstones, while the methane bearing capacity of coal seams in the sandstones is low. Presence of coalbed methane in Silesia coal deposit corresponds with two models: the model of tectonic trap of sorbed methane in the zone of RuptawaCzechowice-Marcyporeba fault and the one of lithology trap of free methane in Laziska sandstones.
02/01397 Source of natural gas in Ordoviclan in Tabamieo area of North Ordos Basin Hui, K. and Jian, H. Kuangwu Yanshi, 2001, 21, (1), 23-27. (In Chinese) The natural gas in Tabamiao area existed in weathered crust lying at the top of Ordovician and in Ordovician or under salt bed. The composition, isotopes, and chemical properties of associated condensed oil of the natural gases were studied. The commercial gas in Ordovician weathered crust in northern Tabamiao originated mainly from coal-bearing source rock in upper Paleozoic, and t h e noncommercial gas in Ordovician in southern Tabamiao and the gas below salt bed formed on the spot. Both Ordovician weathered crust and upper Paleozoic were the promising areas for gas exploration in northern Tabamiao, and upper Paleozoic was the object for gas exploration in southern Tabamiao.
02/01398 Technical trend of GTL fuels for automobiles Tsukasaki, Y. Jidosha Gijutsu, 2001, 55, (5), 67-72. (In Japanese) Gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuels utilized coal or natural gas resources to produce clean and alternative fuels for automobiles in the future. The GTL technology based on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was commercialized by some oil makers, but the production capacity of GTL is extremely small at present. From the point of view of GTL fuel characteristics, high octane, lowest sulfur and aromatic components, many studies were conducted mainly for the application to diesel engines. It was shown by the investigation results that the GTL fuel has the advantages of high engine performance and low exhaust emissions but it also has the technical issues with regard to fuel lubricity and material compatibility for the practical use as an automotive fuel.
02/01399 Utilization of methane in the Jastrzebska Coal Company Nawrat, S. and Gatnar, K. Zesz. Nauk. Politech. S/ask., Gorn., 2000, 246, (4), 265-273. (In Polish) Coal mines gathered in JSW S.A. Poland are characterized by large methane resources accompanying the coal seams. The current practice in utilization of collected methane does not take fully advantages of these free energy resources. Thus, many activities have been carried
02/01391 Controlled heating of coal seams for in-situ hydrocarbon recovery Wellington, S.L. et al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 01 81,240 (CI. C01B), 1 Nov 2001, US Appl. PV199,213, 24 Apt 2000. 570. ln-situ hydrocarbon recovery from coal beds consists of heating the coal seam with one or more heat sources, in which the heat from the heat sources to selected sections of the seam is controlled such that an average temperature of < 375 ° is maintained throughout a majority of the sections of the formation, and producing hydrocarbon liquids and gases. The superposition of two or more heat sources result in pyrolysis of some of the hydrocarbons within the coal seam. Suitable heat sources include electric heaters, surface burners, flameless distributed combustors, and natural distributed eombustors. The pressure is controlled as a function of temperature, or the temperature is controlled as a function of pressure, especially by valves coupled to one of the heat sources or Coupled to the production well, such that the average heating rate in the formation is < l°/day during pyrolysis. The process, which can also be used for hydrocarbon recovery from petroleum reservoirs and oil shale beds, can be modified for recovery and treatment of products more typical of coal processing (e.g. ammonia, H2S, aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrolysed tars, etc.).
02/01395 Massive vein-fillinggas hydrate: relation to ongoing gas migration from the deep subsurface in the Gulf of Mexico Sassen, R. et al. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2001, 18, (5), 551-560. A gas hydrate mound that contains massive, vein-filling, structure II gas hydrate occurs on the upper continental slope (~540 m water depth) of the Gulf of Mexico, southwest of the Mississippi Delta. The mound is located in the Green Canyon (GC) Block 185, adjacent to Jolliet Field in GC 184. Jolliet Field contains oil and gas that filled fault traps caused by salt deformation during late Pleistocene-Holocene time. In contrast to reservoir oil in Jollier Field, which shows bacterial oxidation effects, the C1-C5 reservoir gas is unaltered by bacterial oxidation. Disassociated gas is assumed to have recently entered from the subsurface hydrocarbon system. Vertical migration of gas along faults is ongoing, manifested on the sea floor by gas vents, gas hydrate, complex chemosynthetic communities, and by a large gas plume that extends from the vents to the sea surface. The isotopic properties of ClC5 hydrocarbons from reservoirs, gas vents, and gas hydrate correlate closely. Although outcropping gas hydrate is transiently stable because of variations in seawater temperature, the bulk of buried gas hydrate at GC 185 is stable and perhaps increasing in volume because of the copious gas flux. The massive accumulation of gas hydrate at the GC 185 site is attributed to the gas that has recently entered the vents, largely from Jolliet Field, and to the synchronous activation of fault conduits allowing gas migration to the sea floor. Synchronous late gas charge and faulting could also explain the wide distribution of gas hydrate across the upper Gulf slope.
02/01396 02/01392 Controlled heating of reservoirs, coal seams, and oil shale beds for in-situ hydrocarbon recovery Berchenko, I.E. et al. PCT Int. AppI. WO 01 81,239 (CI. C01B), 1 Nov 2001, US Appl. PV199,215, 24 Apr 2000. x682. ln-situ hydrocarbon recovery from a hydrocarbon formation (especially coal formations, oil shale, and heavy petroleum reservoirs) consists of heating the reservoir with one or more heat sources, controlling the heat from the heat sources to selected sections of the formation such that an average temperature of <375 ° is maintained throughout a majority of the sections of the formation, and producing hydrocarbon liquids and gases. The superposition of two or more heat sources result in pyrolysis of some of the hydrocarbons within the formation. Suitable heat sources include electric heaters, surface burners, fiameless distributed combustors, and natural distributed combustors. The pressure is controlled as a function of temperature, or the temperature is controlled as a function of pressure, especially by valves coupled to one of the heat sources or coupled to the production well, such that the average heating rate in the formation is
02/01393 Experimental studyofmechsnism of exploiting coal-bed methane by injecting carbon dioxide or nitrogen Ma, Z. et al. Taiyuan Ligong Daxue Xuebao, 2001, 32, (4), 335-338. (In Chinese) The current main problems of exploiting coal-bed methane are stated and the technique of injecting carbon dioxide or nitrogen to make methane adsorbed flow from coal seams to enhance reclaim rate of coal-bed methane is pointed out based on the analysis of the adsorption mechanism of coal to different gases, including carbon dioxide, methane or nitrogen. Based on theories and through experiments the authors conclude that function of carbon dioxide injecting is better than that of nitrogen on the basis of different mechanism of injecting different gases to make methane adsorbed flow.
02/01394 In situ recovery of hydrocarbons from a kerogencontaining formation Berchenko, I.E. et al. PCT Int. AppI. WO 01 81,720 (CI. E21B43/24), 1 Nov 2001, US Appl. PV199,215, 24 Apr 2000. 40. The present invention provides a method for the in-situ pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in a subterranean kerogen-containing formation, comprising: providing heat to at least a portion of the kerogen-containing formation such that at least a part of the heated portion reaches the pyrolysis temperature of kerogen, yielding pyrolysis products; and collecting pyrolysis products from the subterranean formation; wherein the subterranean formation is selected to comprise kerogen with a vitrinite reflectance of 0.2 to 3.0. Further, the invention provides a method for synthesis gas production after the collection of pyrolysis products by allowing the kerogen-containing formation to react with a synthesis gas generating fluid.
180
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 2002
Methane content models of the Silesia coal field
Kedzior, S. Zesz. Nauk. Politech. S/ask., Gorn., 2000, 246, (1), 213-221. (In Polish) Silesia coal deposit characterize itself big methane resources and high methane-bearing capacity in spite of a low coal seams carbonifieation. That is why a big amount of methane must have migrated from the outside to Silesia coal deposit. The gas migration pathway could be parallel (of latitude) fault Ruptawa-Czechowiee-Marcyporeba. During clay sedimentation in miocene period the fault changed into gas hermetic trap screen which supported the accumulation of a larg.e amount of gas. The gas collector properties of Laziska sandstones m the north part of deposit are also important. There are large amounts of free methane in these sandstones, while the methane bearing capacity of coal seams in the sandstones is low. Presence of coalbed methane in Silesia coal deposit corresponds with two models: the model of tectonic trap of sorbed methane in the zone of RuptawaCzechowice-Marcyporeba fault and the one of lithology trap of free methane in Laziska sandstones.
02/01397 Source of natural gas in Ordoviclan in Tabamieo area of North Ordos Basin Hui, K. and Jian, H. Kuangwu Yanshi, 2001, 21, (1), 23-27. (In Chinese) The natural gas in Tabamiao area existed in weathered crust lying at the top of Ordovician and in Ordovician or under salt bed. The composition, isotopes, and chemical properties of associated condensed oil of the natural gases were studied. The commercial gas in Ordovician weathered crust in northern Tabamiao originated mainly from coal-bearing source rock in upper Paleozoic, and t h e noncommercial gas in Ordovician in southern Tabamiao and the gas below salt bed formed on the spot. Both Ordovician weathered crust and upper Paleozoic were the promising areas for gas exploration in northern Tabamiao, and upper Paleozoic was the object for gas exploration in southern Tabamiao.
02/01398 Technical trend of GTL fuels for automobiles Tsukasaki, Y. Jidosha Gijutsu, 2001, 55, (5), 67-72. (In Japanese) Gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuels utilized coal or natural gas resources to produce clean and alternative fuels for automobiles in the future. The GTL technology based on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was commercialized by some oil makers, but the production capacity of GTL is extremely small at present. From the point of view of GTL fuel characteristics, high octane, lowest sulfur and aromatic components, many studies were conducted mainly for the application to diesel engines. It was shown by the investigation results that the GTL fuel has the advantages of high engine performance and low exhaust emissions but it also has the technical issues with regard to fuel lubricity and material compatibility for the practical use as an automotive fuel.
02/01399 Utilization of methane in the Jastrzebska Coal Company Nawrat, S. and Gatnar, K. Zesz. Nauk. Politech. S/ask., Gorn., 2000, 246, (4), 265-273. (In Polish) Coal mines gathered in JSW S.A. Poland are characterized by large methane resources accompanying the coal seams. The current practice in utilization of collected methane does not take fully advantages of these free energy resources. Thus, many activities have been carried