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Soya-enriched mixed diet significantly improves cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors: A randomized controlled trial
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Abstracts / Atherosclerosis 252 (2016) e197ee235
EAS16-0433, NUTRITION, NUTRACEUTICALS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. CONSUMPTION OF POLYUNSATURATED FAT IMPROVES THE SATURATED FATTY ACID-MEDIATED IMPAIRMENT OF HDL ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL 1,2, J. Metso 3, D. Santos 1, 2, J.L. Sa nchez n 1, L. Cedo A. García Leo s 1,4, M. Jauhiainen 3, F. BlancoQuesada 1, 4, J. Julve 1, 2, 4, J. Mora-Brugue -Gil 1, 2, 4. 1 Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau IIB Vaca 1, 2, 4, J.C. Escola Sant Pau, Biochemistry, Barcelona, Spain; 2 Biomedical Research Networking Centres, Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain; 3 National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit-Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland; 4 University Autonomous of Barcelona, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Barcelona, Spain Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effects of diets containing high-fat, high-cholesterol and saturated fatty acids (HFHC-SFA) and HFHC-polyunsaturated fatty acids-containing (HFHC-PUFA) diets on two major antiatherogenic functions of HDL, the HDL antioxidant function and the macrophage-to-feces reverse cholesterol transport. Methods: Experiments were carried out in mice fed a low-fat, lowcholesterol (LFLC) diet, an HFHC-SFA diet or an HFHC-PUFA diet in which SFAs were partly replaced with an alternative high-linoleic and a-linolenic fat source. We evaluated the effect of an HFHC-SFA diet on HDL antioxidant function and on the in vivo macrophage-specific RCT pathway compared with those produced by an HFHC-PUFA diet. Results: The HFHC-SFA caused a significant increase in serum HDL cholesterol and phospholipids as well as elevated levels of oxidized HDL and oxidized LDL. Replacing SFA with PUFA significantly reduced the levels of these oxidized lipoproteins and enhanced the ability of HDL to protect LDL from oxidation. The SFA-mediated impairment of HDL antioxidant potential was not associated with the cholesterol content of the diet, obesity or insulin resistance. In contrast, the effect of the HFHC diets on fecal macrophage-derived cholesterol excretion was independent of the fatty acid source. Conclusions: SFA intake impairs the antioxidant potential of HDL and increases serum levels of oxidized lipoprotein species whereas the antioxidant potential of HDL is enhanced after PUFA consumption.
EAS16-0175, NUTRITION, NUTRACEUTICALS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. PLASMA LEVELS OF THE PRO-ATHEROGENIC NUTRIENT BIOMARKER TMAO IS INCREASED BY EXPOSURE TO DIOXIN-LIKE POLLUTANTS THROUGH UPREGULATION OF FMO3 M. Petriello 1, J. Hoffman 1, M. Sunkara 2, A. Morris 2, B. Hennig 1. 1 University of Kentucky, Superfund Research Center, Lexington, USA; 2 University of Kentucky, Cardiovascular research center, Lexington, USA Objectives: The etiology of CVD is impacted by multiple modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors including dietary choices, genetic predisposition, and environmental exposures. However, the mechanisms linking diet, exposure to environmental pollutants, and CVD risk are largely unclear. Recent studies identified a strong link between plasma levels of dietderived Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and CVD risk in humans. Previous studies showed that dioxin-like environmental pollutants can upregulate a critical enzyme responsible for TMAO formation, hepatic flavin containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), but a link between dioxin-like PCBs, upregulation of FMO3, and increased levels of TMAO has not been fully described. Methods: Mice exposed acutely to the dioxin-like PCB 126 exhibit increased FMO3 mRNA, protein, as well as an increase in circulating levels of TMAO following administration of its metabolic precursors, including phosphatidylcholine. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to PCB 126 and 48 post-
exposure, were subsequently given a single gavage of phosphatidylcholine dissolved in corn oil. Results: Exposure to 5 mmole/kg PCB 126 resulted in greater than 100-fold increase in FMO3 mRNA expression, robust induction of FMO3 protein, and a 5-fold increase in TMAO levels compared with vehicle treated mice. The increase of TMAO was correlated also with an increase of inflammatory markers, such as PAI-1. Also, liver mRNA levels of genes related to metabolism, energy homeostasis, and cholesterol regulation were altered in PCB treated mice; many of which are under transcriptional control by FOX01 and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Conclusions: Taken together, these observations suggest a novel nutrient toxicant interaction related to biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk.
EAS16-0057, NUTRITION, NUTRACEUTICALS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. SOYA-ENRICHED MIXED DIET SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVES CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC RISK FACTORS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL M. Ruscica 1, C. Pavanello 2, B. Morlotti 3, M. Gomaraschi 2, C. Vitali 2, R. degli Studi di Bosisio 3, C.R. Sirtori 3, A. Arnoldi 4, P. Magni 2. 1 Universita Milano - La Statale, Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan, Italy; 2 Centro Grossi Paoletti-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Granda, Centro Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy; 3 A.O. Ospedale Niguarda Ca Dislipidemie, Milan, Italy; 4 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Milan, Italy Objectives: Dietary management is pivotal to reduce primary cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic risk. Plant protein use, including soya proteins, is strongly supported by several clinical studies aimed at the dietary management of individuals with borderline-high total (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and at risk of CV and metabolic diseases. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of a mixed diet containing soya foods, to yield a total of 30 g/day soya protein, on body weight and abdominal adipose tissue, serum adipokines and HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) and HDL subclasses, as well as on lipid parameters (TC, non-HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides (TG), different apolipoprotein and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9)) and insulin resistance Methods: Study design: randomized, parallel, single-centre study, intervention duration: 12 weeks. Sixtysix patients with mild metabolic syndrome (3/5 NCEP-ATPIII criteria) were randomly allocated to either control diet (hypolipidic diet/protein from animal sources; N¼28) or to soya diet (hypolipidic diet/ soya foods/30 g/day soya protein; N¼36) Results: Soya-enriched diet, compared to control diet, resulted in: 1. reduced TC (-6.7%), LDL-C (-6.7%), non-HDL-C (-8.1%), ApoB (-13.5%), ApoB:ApoAI (-4.4%) and ApoB:PCSK9 (-15.5%) ratios 2. unchanged HDL-C, reduced Apo-I (-5.3%), due to both LpA-I (-5.8%) and LpA-I:A-II (-12.2%) decrease; no changes in HDL subclass distribution 3. reduced body weight, BMI (-2.2%), abdominal adipose tissue, leptin levels (-18.2%), leptin:adiponectin ratio (-16.2%) 4. reduced HOMA-IR (-12.3%) and sICAM-1 (-6.9%) Conclusions: The intake of soya foods yielding 30 g/day soya protein in a mixed diet had a good compliance and significantly improved a series of biomarkers associated to primary CV and metabolic risk
EAS16-1030, NUTRITION, NUTRACEUTICALS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. PREVALENCE AND 2010-15 SECULAR TRENDS IN SUGAR-SWEETENED BEVERAGES SALES IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST s 3. 1 Centre de recherche de B. Arsenault 1, M.R. Taskinen 2, J.P. Despre l'IUCPQ, Medicine, Quebec City, Canada; 2 Heart and Lung Centre-University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' UnitDiabetes & Obesity, Helsinki, Finland; 3 Centre de recherche de l'IUCPQ, Kinesiology, Quebec City, Canada
Abstracts / Atherosclerosis 252 (2016) e197ee235
EAS16-0433, NUTRITION, NUTRACEUTICALS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. CONSUMPTION OF POLYUNSATURATED FAT IMPROVES THE SATURATED FATTY ACID-MEDIATED IMPAIRMENT OF HDL ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL 1,2, J. Metso 3, D. Santos 1, 2, J.L. Sa nchez n 1, L. Cedo A. García Leo s 1,4, M. Jauhiainen 3, F. BlancoQuesada 1, 4, J. Julve 1, 2, 4, J. Mora-Brugue -Gil 1, 2, 4. 1 Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau IIB Vaca 1, 2, 4, J.C. Escola Sant Pau, Biochemistry, Barcelona, Spain; 2 Biomedical Research Networking Centres, Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain; 3 National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit-Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland; 4 University Autonomous of Barcelona, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Barcelona, Spain Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effects of diets containing high-fat, high-cholesterol and saturated fatty acids (HFHC-SFA) and HFHC-polyunsaturated fatty acids-containing (HFHC-PUFA) diets on two major antiatherogenic functions of HDL, the HDL antioxidant function and the macrophage-to-feces reverse cholesterol transport. Methods: Experiments were carried out in mice fed a low-fat, lowcholesterol (LFLC) diet, an HFHC-SFA diet or an HFHC-PUFA diet in which SFAs were partly replaced with an alternative high-linoleic and a-linolenic fat source. We evaluated the effect of an HFHC-SFA diet on HDL antioxidant function and on the in vivo macrophage-specific RCT pathway compared with those produced by an HFHC-PUFA diet. Results: The HFHC-SFA caused a significant increase in serum HDL cholesterol and phospholipids as well as elevated levels of oxidized HDL and oxidized LDL. Replacing SFA with PUFA significantly reduced the levels of these oxidized lipoproteins and enhanced the ability of HDL to protect LDL from oxidation. The SFA-mediated impairment of HDL antioxidant potential was not associated with the cholesterol content of the diet, obesity or insulin resistance. In contrast, the effect of the HFHC diets on fecal macrophage-derived cholesterol excretion was independent of the fatty acid source. Conclusions: SFA intake impairs the antioxidant potential of HDL and increases serum levels of oxidized lipoprotein species whereas the antioxidant potential of HDL is enhanced after PUFA consumption.
EAS16-0175, NUTRITION, NUTRACEUTICALS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. PLASMA LEVELS OF THE PRO-ATHEROGENIC NUTRIENT BIOMARKER TMAO IS INCREASED BY EXPOSURE TO DIOXIN-LIKE POLLUTANTS THROUGH UPREGULATION OF FMO3 M. Petriello 1, J. Hoffman 1, M. Sunkara 2, A. Morris 2, B. Hennig 1. 1 University of Kentucky, Superfund Research Center, Lexington, USA; 2 University of Kentucky, Cardiovascular research center, Lexington, USA Objectives: The etiology of CVD is impacted by multiple modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors including dietary choices, genetic predisposition, and environmental exposures. However, the mechanisms linking diet, exposure to environmental pollutants, and CVD risk are largely unclear. Recent studies identified a strong link between plasma levels of dietderived Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and CVD risk in humans. Previous studies showed that dioxin-like environmental pollutants can upregulate a critical enzyme responsible for TMAO formation, hepatic flavin containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), but a link between dioxin-like PCBs, upregulation of FMO3, and increased levels of TMAO has not been fully described. Methods: Mice exposed acutely to the dioxin-like PCB 126 exhibit increased FMO3 mRNA, protein, as well as an increase in circulating levels of TMAO following administration of its metabolic precursors, including phosphatidylcholine. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to PCB 126 and 48 post-
exposure, were subsequently given a single gavage of phosphatidylcholine dissolved in corn oil. Results: Exposure to 5 mmole/kg PCB 126 resulted in greater than 100-fold increase in FMO3 mRNA expression, robust induction of FMO3 protein, and a 5-fold increase in TMAO levels compared with vehicle treated mice. The increase of TMAO was correlated also with an increase of inflammatory markers, such as PAI-1. Also, liver mRNA levels of genes related to metabolism, energy homeostasis, and cholesterol regulation were altered in PCB treated mice; many of which are under transcriptional control by FOX01 and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Conclusions: Taken together, these observations suggest a novel nutrient toxicant interaction related to biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk.
EAS16-0057, NUTRITION, NUTRACEUTICALS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. SOYA-ENRICHED MIXED DIET SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVES CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC RISK FACTORS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL M. Ruscica 1, C. Pavanello 2, B. Morlotti 3, M. Gomaraschi 2, C. Vitali 2, R. degli Studi di Bosisio 3, C.R. Sirtori 3, A. Arnoldi 4, P. Magni 2. 1 Universita Milano - La Statale, Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan, Italy; 2 Centro Grossi Paoletti-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Granda, Centro Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy; 3 A.O. Ospedale Niguarda Ca Dislipidemie, Milan, Italy; 4 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Milan, Italy Objectives: Dietary management is pivotal to reduce primary cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic risk. Plant protein use, including soya proteins, is strongly supported by several clinical studies aimed at the dietary management of individuals with borderline-high total (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and at risk of CV and metabolic diseases. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of a mixed diet containing soya foods, to yield a total of 30 g/day soya protein, on body weight and abdominal adipose tissue, serum adipokines and HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) and HDL subclasses, as well as on lipid parameters (TC, non-HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides (TG), different apolipoprotein and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9)) and insulin resistance Methods: Study design: randomized, parallel, single-centre study, intervention duration: 12 weeks. Sixtysix patients with mild metabolic syndrome (3/5 NCEP-ATPIII criteria) were randomly allocated to either control diet (hypolipidic diet/protein from animal sources; N¼28) or to soya diet (hypolipidic diet/ soya foods/30 g/day soya protein; N¼36) Results: Soya-enriched diet, compared to control diet, resulted in: 1. reduced TC (-6.7%), LDL-C (-6.7%), non-HDL-C (-8.1%), ApoB (-13.5%), ApoB:ApoAI (-4.4%) and ApoB:PCSK9 (-15.5%) ratios 2. unchanged HDL-C, reduced Apo-I (-5.3%), due to both LpA-I (-5.8%) and LpA-I:A-II (-12.2%) decrease; no changes in HDL subclass distribution 3. reduced body weight, BMI (-2.2%), abdominal adipose tissue, leptin levels (-18.2%), leptin:adiponectin ratio (-16.2%) 4. reduced HOMA-IR (-12.3%) and sICAM-1 (-6.9%) Conclusions: The intake of soya foods yielding 30 g/day soya protein in a mixed diet had a good compliance and significantly improved a series of biomarkers associated to primary CV and metabolic risk
EAS16-1030, NUTRITION, NUTRACEUTICALS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. PREVALENCE AND 2010-15 SECULAR TRENDS IN SUGAR-SWEETENED BEVERAGES SALES IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST s 3. 1 Centre de recherche de B. Arsenault 1, M.R. Taskinen 2, J.P. Despre l'IUCPQ, Medicine, Quebec City, Canada; 2 Heart and Lung Centre-University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' UnitDiabetes & Obesity, Helsinki, Finland; 3 Centre de recherche de l'IUCPQ, Kinesiology, Quebec City, Canada