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Spires
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¶ Spires. The spire of a church, which had deviated from the perpendicular 5 feet 11 inches, and was split several inches apart a long way up the centre, has lately been set straight, and reunited, by Mr. Trubshaw. The spire was built on a naturally sloping situation, and its weight is estimated at about 1500 tons of stone. In all sloping situations~ the lower side (whether of churches, towers, houses, or even walls or roads, unless the toundation be rock,) has a tendency to give way first, but more especially when the foundation, as in this case, was of two different kinds of subsoil. On the upper or fast side of the spire, the ground underneath was of slaty tnarl, while that on the lower side of it was of a sandy marl. Mr. Trubshaw, after examining well the outside of the foundations, commenced digging down the inside. After having got below the level of the footings, (lowest stones of the foundation,) "he proceeded to bore a row of auger holes clear through under the foundation of the high side, the holes nearly touching each other. These holes he filled with water, and, corking them up with a piece of marl, let them rest for the night. In the morning, the water had softened the marl to a puddle, and the building gradually beginning to sink, another row of holes were bored, but not exactly so far through as the first row. They were filled with water as before, and the high side not only kept sinking, but the fracture in the centre kept gradually closing up. This process was continued till the steeple became perfectly straight, and the fracture imperceptible.--Weekly Dispatch, April 7.
[Loud..~rch. Mag. ~[ lron Castings. Mr. Avery, the proprietor of a large iron foundry in Syracuse, state of New York, has ascertained, by a series of experiments, that if common fine sand is mixed with common blue clay, in the proportion of one.tenth part of clay to nine-tenths of sand, it constitutes the best possible composition for casting that can be used. Even the most delicate castings come out perfectly free of sand, and require no sort of cleaning by vitriol.~Brattleborough Independent.
List of 21merican Patents which issued in May, 1855. .~lay
251. Wa~hlngand wringing machine.--John Snyder, city of Philadelphia, 252, Truss.~Philip Hittel,city of Philadell)hia, 253. Cutting straw, &c.--William Denson, Center Spring', Morgan county, Alabama, 254. Rail.road carrlag~.--Heinrich'Backman'n, Lancaster, Pa. 255. Washing machine.--Philo Hunt, Sharon, Litchfield county, Conn. 256. Bungs, cutting, &c.--George D. Gates, Hartford, Conn. 257. Printingpress.--Josiah Warren, Warwick, Tusearawas county, Ohio, 258. Propellingwheel.--Thomas Pierce, Hartwick, Otseffo county, N.Y. 259. Combteeth, culling.--I.emuel Adams, Reading, Fairfield county, Conn.
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¶ Spires. The spire of a church, which had deviated from the perpendicular 5 feet 11 inches, and was split several inches apart a long way up the centre, has lately been set straight, and reunited, by Mr. Trubshaw. The spire was built on a naturally sloping situation, and its weight is estimated at about 1500 tons of stone. In all sloping situations~ the lower side (whether of churches, towers, houses, or even walls or roads, unless the toundation be rock,) has a tendency to give way first, but more especially when the foundation, as in this case, was of two different kinds of subsoil. On the upper or fast side of the spire, the ground underneath was of slaty tnarl, while that on the lower side of it was of a sandy marl. Mr. Trubshaw, after examining well the outside of the foundations, commenced digging down the inside. After having got below the level of the footings, (lowest stones of the foundation,) "he proceeded to bore a row of auger holes clear through under the foundation of the high side, the holes nearly touching each other. These holes he filled with water, and, corking them up with a piece of marl, let them rest for the night. In the morning, the water had softened the marl to a puddle, and the building gradually beginning to sink, another row of holes were bored, but not exactly so far through as the first row. They were filled with water as before, and the high side not only kept sinking, but the fracture in the centre kept gradually closing up. This process was continued till the steeple became perfectly straight, and the fracture imperceptible.--Weekly Dispatch, April 7.
[Loud..~rch. Mag. ~[ lron Castings. Mr. Avery, the proprietor of a large iron foundry in Syracuse, state of New York, has ascertained, by a series of experiments, that if common fine sand is mixed with common blue clay, in the proportion of one.tenth part of clay to nine-tenths of sand, it constitutes the best possible composition for casting that can be used. Even the most delicate castings come out perfectly free of sand, and require no sort of cleaning by vitriol.~Brattleborough Independent.
List of 21merican Patents which issued in May, 1855. .~lay
251. Wa~hlngand wringing machine.--John Snyder, city of Philadelphia, 252, Truss.~Philip Hittel,city of Philadell)hia, 253. Cutting straw, &c.--William Denson, Center Spring', Morgan county, Alabama, 254. Rail.road carrlag~.--Heinrich'Backman'n, Lancaster, Pa. 255. Washing machine.--Philo Hunt, Sharon, Litchfield county, Conn. 256. Bungs, cutting, &c.--George D. Gates, Hartford, Conn. 257. Printingpress.--Josiah Warren, Warwick, Tusearawas county, Ohio, 258. Propellingwheel.--Thomas Pierce, Hartwick, Otseffo county, N.Y. 259. Combteeth, culling.--I.emuel Adams, Reading, Fairfield county, Conn.
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