- Email: [email protected]
SSCNairobi declaration
£r~ironrnemal~Poli~)r and.~w;.9.l!Sa2).
"
45
~m~lci~ w limic~e.~'s d~b i.dqxmd~t, i m ~ i o n does q . e s ~ rq m~ -:o ~ ~alOe ~ ~e ~ p ' - ~ e p r O ~ -
;~s,=d se- su]mmmk~r w~s Noundarin8 off its Ibe cond.ct ~ t it sent no assJ~mc= - and thai it was .emma incomlx~=nc= in d~ clean.retained fmm..Ibe, days.~ s ~ n 6 , ~me.of. the ~cid~n -.for =X~,F]=, up ~f~rabon which allowed tl~ oil • hips. United States' coum i ~ ' m J ( ~ wh~ • ~ ~,/fi~ B o ~ l of. sl~k :o slxeed as widely as il did. enl~d " ~ i.exc.nb]e ~i~ lim~s if a shilpownar iu some l . ~ o n "~'I~ result of ~ case will afire; way conldbu~l to m iacide~ An delW ill eall~ for ~ ' ~ m c = " . tSe ~nker indust~ at n time when it is This co.kl idle the .'.o~z Iprom~ experiencing tl~ worst depression in to s~ip the shlpow.~ of ,'W iiab'di~- zts k , ~ t ~ due to a woddwide oil 81ut. and marine insurers who had ~hel)" Ih~d~S ~ . ledim.~ Slmdmrd, on 'Se wc~.': year ever last year. h may al.~) henc, claims that although Fiance sel :~~xec~nt for me ~ctims Of fcturc knew for ~.,-vemlhours zi~ a disabled oil ' pills. ,-]
Sou,lh Pacific Conference on the Human En~ronment
"i ~ • tetrib~ nighmvne I m n~M.l thlamt that e,myoou settled out o~ oourl" Repd~N ee~mw hraheme UallllZl~e• IN1
The Declaration adopted by Ibe above CanS~eace (8-11 Maxch 1982) marked the fom]al launching of the Soutiz Pacific R~gional F.nvironment Programme, which has been promoted
un~r tSe R('gioHI Seas Pmp~mme of IJHI".P.The text was ,:ircu!ated for the Jnfi,m)ation of all delegatio~ to Ihe Sees•onof Special Character. ~ page ~3
SELECTED DOCUMENTS U~UNF..P SSC NAIROBI D E C L A R A T I O N " The wodd communi~ of Stem, mm~mbind in NMrobl from 10 ~n10 May Sas:~to t o • m e • mete the tomb ennivenmy Of the Unhld Nodo,~ Conh,m~e on the I*klm~l Era'Ira•out, held in Stockholm, huving rl~4-1v~d the s u m tokln to Imp.eraser the DudMmfiOh end Aelinn Plou n d ~ d et thaz Cooferamm. solemhly reqmlsto G'w~mmehto and ~ to build 0~1 the ~rogrmm eo Ibr 8chleved, hut ~pMIIto~ Ito ; " to,Je oom:ulmabout the preeent mite e l the e, .ImnmeM world-v,td~ mud me. o g n l m the u ~ m ~ m t o l d t y Of"u,mwaythg the elforla I t the 9k~hel, reglomd m J I1WinnM level~ to pml~ I e ~i i m p m ~ I~. 1. Tim Sc~t,~o~m Conlwouou vm~ o p o v ~ ;,,i st-rc:e in incm,~ing publin ~ end tmderstoudM9 of the hasllity Of the human lnvt'onmel~L "rrle ~ l i l r l l i ~ e ther, hive wit-
• f'.~
lO'llk,
1~1~
x~m~ls; nducstiou, inbrme6ou diuemiqanon and t 'alOng have expoudud conxklersMy; in needy ell counuies, envlroumoutol lesk.la d e , hes I:eou udoptod, and e q n i r ~ m number or co,.ntriN hsve incorporated w{thln their comtl~Uknuto provlxkml for the protection of the imvimltment. AINU1 hcm the United Nadons Envlr~mem Pros, i-n,no, nddidonal governmental end non-saver3moutol o~,en~. hive b44mestobUa~ludat •11 Iovels, ~ • number Of Important internMIonM ogre•me••Is in r N p ~ of •nvlroi~mentoI c:o-c~ge~n been coudmikid. The pdndp;., of the Stock. holm 0~inmtlon • m as vMId h~uy as they m in 1972. They pmvi,~e a ~ code of envi~nmental condu~ Mr thv y • e n to come. ;t. Howard, the Aetio,1 Plan his only bean part•oily implemented, alKI th'~ m u l l s cannot he comdd~ed as imtilffactc~, due mainly to ktodequm forlmlpht Ind unders~nding of the io~l-toun Z'eouflto of envwonment~" prote¢. tiO~ to imldequ~te ~-ordi~lotion of approeehm Ind elfor~ end to ~mavailability end inequitobin dl~u~ut~n Of reouu ~m. For t.-mse ~ m 1 ~ ~ Action Plou he• not had eulth~)nt i m p u t On the inl~mu~hm community elm |
whohk Some uncontrolk,d or unl~lmnld e~lvl. ties Of mon have increasingly cauad oqvi¢ow mentil dotoriorsUon. OeMrm~ion, Iloil aug w m r degrad•tiou en:l clmmniflcalmn ere rea©:~.ihg elarming proportions, and o,er,t~,slv en(-Jitger the Nving condign• in 18rg,, :>otis o ! the world. Diseases asso~stod with Idves~ environmental condilions comimJe lu coulv9 human misery. Changes in the atmosphere such as thole in the o~ne Isytr, the i'tcreasln 0 aoInQwttratJohOf carbon diO~lde,arid tlr.id ra~n pollulioq of Ihe seas and inland waters. ,.a. k m m and d l ~ o ~ l Of hmrdeus subszence~ and the 4xtinotk)n of •filmer and plal0¢atM;iee cor4Wuto Iurthur gmva threats m the humor environment. :'. D u d ~ the lasl decade, rdr~ per,.eptlon~ have •muffled: me need for envin-nmer~r mougAme~ end Immsmlen£the int~mab. gompkl0( inleffMMIomddp betomelt etlv;mn. men:, development, popukellou end ,uourcas end ~he IMain ~n the u,NIrmlment g m l S d . Hlltculady M u,lmn ames, by Inc~ou~ingpope. I ~ n hive bemn~ widely m~WllzcU. A corn ~;tqhenslve ,rod mginn~y intlgrlded approuct the! emphasizes ~ interrelationship cuN 16110
0378-777X/62/0000.0000/$02.75 .~, 1982 North-Holland
EnvironmentalPotic~ and Law, 9 (1982)
46 to e/ivirom,rr.eul Uy round ur~l SUMelMbis S ~ ~. ~ h l l l l l i to die ~l~ro~r llbg! I r e ooQrsvJted by pmm~lyas vail im by v ~IudUl conIumpdon pamime: n~h con lea,. pimpl~. Io over. explCtt their unvkrond~m, The Inta~s~ionel ~ment S~rntqy fm the Third 'Jnited Na(~one Development ~ l e and ~ • •~ablash,neat of a e•w i n t e m ~ u , a l economY, c :.'br I n thu• among the mojo~ r.~.mmMts Jr, Gin~li effort ~ rwersl imvlr=qmenlal deglld~bur,. Comblnldons of m a d ~ and plinn~n9
o ~ n I.q~al(omd nde to play I , lids m ~ . All imtI~rWbim, Ir.oludlng muldnthiomd corporntisn4, uhouIcl tok8 a n t Of ~ amvlr(mmllltol mudonIibitithm whim 8 d ~ hdu~trim prothJctioB muthode or t•o~jIoJogi~% ,Jr when e ~ n g ther~ to other cou~doe. ~mely imd ~dequsto 141gleIitJve~ IS ins-
01ontdmll•n~sotlom'U 4im~t~immmtadaisoam~ ~ mimmIe;nont:. ( ~ Elfort to ~ m n t dto ogr.dmnmem "%wed dowr. ~tolI~WhM t gr~Ir~i tl~i ~ d t h I ClOoAdo bimxuN of qnuncud dlflk:ultise qn~Nmmcod hy immo g0UN:IS6; (a) A ~ m ~ l Of envlrmm mUd pmt,tun'm in devofoplng ¢Ollmtdo8 ariIkag #ram t h I Wisimt intematiwwl ecoaotol0 •afar whi0h has elownd dovm ~wlr dmqlop~em and the Wothudm Of their i n v l m m l ~ 2. ~ that ~M Notor-bv-is~r r~,knv of the implemenWtion of the Actio.i Plim sog. Oimts s mbmd reso~ of imldevemen~ A n o v w I l l ; . , ~ ; ; . , ~ n t Isthat tMr4o.gond proilmim hie been mnde in impk;menllnI i I ~ e of to~ elermmm Of d ~ .~udon Pkm. while hi m*~:..( of other eismenth tho record h u bven we,, mad-
10. The wodd colammilpmOf 8 1 e l l Ioklmnly risWrmi its commitment to t h i itodmofm De,'Jaratlo~ and A~don PUS.%as well as to fwda~r II.'lnIthenln0 imd an~limton of nIUo'Ud tffortl and immatlomli co-operIdon in imd rllllOnel environmgntel imd r e ~ r ~ e thi field Of om,,i~onmimtel pcoteudon. # abo rimlfijmo ~ iml0porC lot s m m g t h n n ~ me mir.•gemimt. 6. "hill hufriwt e~vINhluHint woaJkl g N I ~ U,~iwd Nelkml EnvkonmontPmgramr~e im mijor -'ely~Jo i ~ I for g~lb41 e~lvkronpee~i) l l l d lil:urlty, (rile ~TOmthe UIraMI of i r ~ mimlII ...-oplr~on. Ifld coUs for I~c~limod wIIr. ~ p e e l ~ i11J~lsr m r , lad M WIite Of msoua~Dso to be INide ivllabi•o in pe~t]ouisr intdt~uel Offal flMIIrlll I H ~ Off arml. m rougl~ the Envlron.~ent Fund, h) ecrJmimthe meal. IS well is ~.om ~ ricud imam- p ~ i s ~ of ~ environment. It t.rgls iN Q ~ mimte Ind 5iHurim in ~ im~lomintetl~nof the gallon and Ill f~rms of &41~rlminatlon,~ionisl I ~ i m i I ~ ~ l i m of the ~ d tO At•ion Plumippeor th h i : end Other |OrfTl~ O| O~.I~;4),1 and ~ore~n d'-Wgo ~ hietorlcel re~onelbllity, ~IISQf ~ In the aim of I p ~ l s ~ l domination. O-~ly ~nd IndividuePy. to enim~e~ t o,)r ~-.dl mint: 0. Mir.y environmim~ pmol..~,~l trunlcimd p,anoliI pIIniod e~4r to fntur~ g4mln.qtlop :' i) The GI0b41 EnvltonmINIl Mordtorkal nolional bound-russ Ind should when e~pro:ondNon which gWIr.lr.tol~ I life in .~., .,~n System is operating and e0q0andthl, atpr.ste, be ~ fo~the biml~4 of ell ti~mlgh d l u n ~ ~or aim. (3 ~hough ~ ~ in ttm dnveta. c~n~ltitions I m o n ~ S l i m and c o l n i d n~ ~).~d.'ner~m, use,'•pp.~tons and ,~:~n~r,ne: action. Thus, Stel~s should pro|eta 9, ~tt~--Ofthe Ir~tom ( I I p i m e n t i I~lr~ ll~*mmroQriselv8~ l l I of ~ m " The Environment in : ~182 list; mf~r.lelI1#, O,If~U4iilg~'~ir.t4nl~i~ ~ ilOfl~ i) The GIob '~oSphmdo P ~ Pro- - Retrospect and r-to•pact me/ill, and e ~ p I ~ ¢o-opelllion in 9mmme has ...... " ' , t ~n intem-.ioql ro~i~ch and enviro~rNmtal mimIaemlnL ~udk;a Of d i n ~ i ~ c ~ , n ~ , . variebAKy 7. Envl~.,.r~mtll aefl{i~r,c*~ gimurltnd by imd of the alpofkllolll of Cik114tok~mwiconuWoml of ~ e ~ m V * l , including IX- D~nSlON to humIn ~ hi•re •iron incorpo. lor,.ul t4¢lWOSbel~nd 1110con rol o| the c o ~ r.ltod in thO World Clito•te ProGramme; taes c~mcorned, p u n ~r~ve ~ I v~;c~ iil) ~ IntmllI~ionel {~4elrlril ~ our T ~ ~ ,.6n be :ombetId by a more equ;tible dlstrib.I . ~ m # of environnumtol informet~on hi H a l ~ ~ I,I Nlirobl h¢ m 10 tO 10 May ",0"~ Of te~'h~il ard ecor.omin mcouIroeI 1982 mr. • coition .)f a i.per,lel c½irsmr to .,~acflollinI (IS I ~ K ~ hIJ not wdhm.,airedimOl~ StillS. 0eVIinpld countfle~, commemmms the tenth imniversaW of the nde4imtely rimlllId he obJedlv~ In ~df~is" and 4 ~ co,.nt,ins in I pol~tion Io da so. ~hV4ed Nntkona ¢ o n l • ~ c o o¢, the Humeri ~mA0~l•r h ~ ~ growth of uisr demund ~houlclassist devuIOlc,ln9 countris~ uffimtud by ro~mimt, held at ".tockholm from 5 to 16 Juno him bmm itow: env;ron,~mal dis~ruudonin their domimUu Of- 1972. i d The Intomatlonal Raq;istor Of IN~tntlelly h:m To d.II with thek' most sorioui imvimnTimlc ~hemi~xlo hco •wnod t~ p~ve imd; t o ~ ~ M a ~ o ~ n r .~s ct#o~ of thu metal ~ IJfllllallon of ap.-toWlm F.xecodve Okecmr e~Gtled "The e~vi~nme~ n an Imponlni ~ n t h i f ~ lie ormnti~n on *~ll,/~.~O|Og:ilS.pa~J.i IrF~'from Other d e . u p toxic c;~micois: In 1982: muo~pimt and pw.-~,~cr'. hill coU'~16es.coulo "~skoimouomic ahd SOCISl v) The Intimationii Pfcafamm OnChIn'.i(~iI I ~ ,[.ommib, . ~ m the .mpisprogrm~ C O m l ~ i n ~ l h cosoervalJor, of r.ato- mentMIon Of :he Audon P dn fo- t h i Human ~ f e ~ IS providing ~.*dco'~Ok'll ~ m l ~ ral mso.Jrce~ meats for I n inore~r. 9 n~.mb4r ~ suhEnviron•am ;.dopmd by the St¢;ckhoIm e. Fv~'~e~ eflo,'Sl - e needed to -levelof, le~nco. unvlnmhq1Onlul,/ l~q ~d rP4fle ,era•at and power ~ewlopm~'~, m . ; d e l i l fm ~a#i~ that the I~'nc~.dis cl the DimlymMhod) Iw -he eXl)~ ite@onl,no ,~li~Mlor. of ration of th~ Un,ted NaUon8~ n ~ l O • 011 omelrg,mc0 rospor.re to chim,'cal ac~. ~ib~el "V~OU~He m l ~ mo~k~mIJ Irndilionll H ~ n En,lronm~ w~ ~viNd ~ dual• end limhnlcll ~o-opur01Jon rl~Mir.Q n l~istpr@l P~iteml. P•fl "iculIr ii¢intloh lhouid v,lml k~ 1'.72, and, tog4pll~r with the pfl~elpiss to control of toxic chemic•f.;: be ~iId tO the r(~e Ol technical mnovetlOl~in Idopted in hliIIofli • I ~ m vl| A s o I I I I l e l t I of the IhVlr(~lmontl,. Imof I I m e l pK31 Of vMioco ~ I of energy f~aVl dlMIICI( r, pt'ovldl I :~#'IcI U l d l l l l l ~ ~onlmvatk.~. The r ~ M ~ p ~ of truditionil Ind i ~ l a ~ l im~ .onmunt prollnlll. been pubrud~l: paul CJIhv~p~OflOIP f l ~ 60UfC4I i ~ r.~W ~ill A • N o r m p m l mltitled "lrhe World E,~a~d d~u.~d~,~ 9 chelhmoim for me e l ~ c t ~ o rOlUlterd 1 9 7 ~ - 1 I " him b~lm p.ellahId I. The n~o~ a~lvemmls ~1 ! ~ ~ l i n manaQuml~l! ~ coNl~fltStJonof ur.g~y th I j l Ir.QllOr.With l l l l ~ Of I Iplelel rhs ~nvironmerd~ R3tionel emllgy plep~iblg ) ( I ) I ) I ~ ohlrlcto~ ~monf; ~UlOO~ c~ g~o~pa of ~etio~ could be ~1 ~,~ ~ area Of envlrmsme~del Itn4,~ae~ne~JeL M ~ n s &,ch ~s the devMopmimt (o ) ) ~ ) ) I hI)~ mMil: ug ~ e,.d .e~w~Me ~ r c o e Of e i ~ will I) There him b4im progmim kl mO (ornwin. i-m~ea k~ghl~uep~..#icud~npimt Onthe environOf r~giofllll ~ewlronmimtal J,'or~,ent. ~n~imr.mlmlll el~ngl, imd acceptance tlutr rind Governnumte have, P r ~ v ~ ~ Of d~m~ae to me ~ l l .,o~nmental protec~on m~dsts not amy or ~ d n d • numfisr Of lmpth'w~t glob.. ,~ preferable to the hwdimimn~ end expire•iv,) ~ ltIth~, ~ I ~ G of th4 I ' ~P~ ~ ' r~N~RINIthf l m U Illdr•~ P. u~ ,e"~r of ( f ~ l g e I f • • b y do'T. Pre~nth~a principke mnd9ukhdthe•, e~m I| in t*on'~e ecttor. Ihcoi¢ ;ncSude I o,~,nnlr~ of •U I the" hllvC i n d ~ l y l In 1~ :1, ICSvildsothat h M i n Impsot mt tho ~ f~) Ptovielol~ fm titO IIIV~'ohmir; th mir~I m p k m l ~ , . i o n or ~ l e ~ ' a n :ilL; It Is LIsLek~porl/it to in~Iime Puhlil and O ~ OOqlWlthlIIIs~and Id ~hIIIntII~8 i) Wod~deiifomhw*imp~Mnd~ .:.~. p o l h ~ l ev~m0-mo of the J~npartance of thI luris, ere~L~o~ of new endtonmimtol p ~ . bM d~aetlfledo~ to I m p ~ ~ witoo ~ p Im~m.mlf,l Ovauah i o f o ~ , ~JucILIon gMmm4s at rIg~omd a~d I n ' ~ i o n 4 1 krvds. ely end m m u p n m m , u c to b~.mve ~ Respo~l~bis I'dvidu•l ball•v~ou. led Udl ~ IIIld Ir.tonunis:lon of aXIS1. ~ , ~ eottllemen~, ellhouo-~ progrim. ,o .~ ~lve~ t l , I e u i m l ~ In luwhel~g Ihe in~ maim. ~ p l . ~nontthe Imf:mhe4~,ql th~4t~ .%~ ,:aPLa~Of thO ~r.~mnm~t. iqcx~,govmnn~ptal r~ ~ ee-operadon imd ,~olisbor•dm, lima sudan plIr4 dowiop, d M le~ ~ Of We&~RJo:t.3 h ~ a piftk;uisrlv Inlpoflinl imd am•h0 luld 14mv4MiGim~'tlltor.t,, ahd M . 03;~8"777X/IB2/0000"0000/$02.75 @ 1 9 8 2 N o r t h - H o l l o n a
"
45
~m~lci~ w limic~e.~'s d~b i.dqxmd~t, i m ~ i o n does q . e s ~ rq m~ -:o ~ ~alOe ~ ~e ~ p ' - ~ e p r O ~ -
;~s,=d se- su]mmmk~r w~s Noundarin8 off its Ibe cond.ct ~ t it sent no assJ~mc= - and thai it was .emma incomlx~=nc= in d~ clean.retained fmm..Ibe, days.~ s ~ n 6 , ~me.of. the ~cid~n -.for =X~,F]=, up ~f~rabon which allowed tl~ oil • hips. United States' coum i ~ ' m J ( ~ wh~ • ~ ~,/fi~ B o ~ l of. sl~k :o slxeed as widely as il did. enl~d " ~ i.exc.nb]e ~i~ lim~s if a shilpownar iu some l . ~ o n "~'I~ result of ~ case will afire; way conldbu~l to m iacide~ An delW ill eall~ for ~ ' ~ m c = " . tSe ~nker indust~ at n time when it is This co.kl idle the .'.o~z Iprom~ experiencing tl~ worst depression in to s~ip the shlpow.~ of ,'W iiab'di~- zts k , ~ t ~ due to a woddwide oil 81ut. and marine insurers who had ~hel)" Ih~d~S ~ . ledim.~ Slmdmrd, on 'Se wc~.': year ever last year. h may al.~) henc, claims that although Fiance sel :~~xec~nt for me ~ctims Of fcturc knew for ~.,-vemlhours zi~ a disabled oil ' pills. ,-]
Sou,lh Pacific Conference on the Human En~ronment
"i ~ • tetrib~ nighmvne I m n~M.l thlamt that e,myoou settled out o~ oourl" Repd~N ee~mw hraheme UallllZl~e• IN1
The Declaration adopted by Ibe above CanS~eace (8-11 Maxch 1982) marked the fom]al launching of the Soutiz Pacific R~gional F.nvironment Programme, which has been promoted
un~r tSe R('gioHI Seas Pmp~mme of IJHI".P.The text was ,:ircu!ated for the Jnfi,m)ation of all delegatio~ to Ihe Sees•onof Special Character. ~ page ~3
SELECTED DOCUMENTS U~UNF..P SSC NAIROBI D E C L A R A T I O N " The wodd communi~ of Stem, mm~mbind in NMrobl from 10 ~n10 May Sas:~to t o • m e • mete the tomb ennivenmy Of the Unhld Nodo,~ Conh,m~e on the I*klm~l Era'Ira•out, held in Stockholm, huving rl~4-1v~d the s u m tokln to Imp.eraser the DudMmfiOh end Aelinn Plou n d ~ d et thaz Cooferamm. solemhly reqmlsto G'w~mmehto and ~ to build 0~1 the ~rogrmm eo Ibr 8chleved, hut ~pMIIto~ Ito ; " to,Je oom:ulmabout the preeent mite e l the e, .ImnmeM world-v,td~ mud me. o g n l m the u ~ m ~ m t o l d t y Of"u,mwaythg the elforla I t the 9k~hel, reglomd m J I1WinnM level~ to pml~ I e ~i i m p m ~ I~. 1. Tim Sc~t,~o~m Conlwouou vm~ o p o v ~ ;,,i st-rc:e in incm,~ing publin ~ end tmderstoudM9 of the hasllity Of the human lnvt'onmel~L "rrle ~ l i l r l l i ~ e ther, hive wit-
• f'.~
lO'llk,
1~1~
x~m~ls; nducstiou, inbrme6ou diuemiqanon and t 'alOng have expoudud conxklersMy; in needy ell counuies, envlroumoutol lesk.la d e , hes I:eou udoptod, and e q n i r ~ m number or co,.ntriN hsve incorporated w{thln their comtl~Uknuto provlxkml for the protection of the imvimltment. AINU1 hcm the United Nadons Envlr~mem Pros, i-n,no, nddidonal governmental end non-saver3moutol o~,en~. hive b44mestobUa~ludat •11 Iovels, ~ • number Of Important internMIonM ogre•me••Is in r N p ~ of •nvlroi~mentoI c:o-c~ge~n been coudmikid. The pdndp;., of the Stock. holm 0~inmtlon • m as vMId h~uy as they m in 1972. They pmvi,~e a ~ code of envi~nmental condu~ Mr thv y • e n to come. ;t. Howard, the Aetio,1 Plan his only bean part•oily implemented, alKI th'~ m u l l s cannot he comdd~ed as imtilffactc~, due mainly to ktodequm forlmlpht Ind unders~nding of the io~l-toun Z'eouflto of envwonment~" prote¢. tiO~ to imldequ~te ~-ordi~lotion of approeehm Ind elfor~ end to ~mavailability end inequitobin dl~u~ut~n Of reouu ~m. For t.-mse ~ m 1 ~ ~ Action Plou he• not had eulth~)nt i m p u t On the inl~mu~hm community elm |
whohk Some uncontrolk,d or unl~lmnld e~lvl. ties Of mon have increasingly cauad oqvi¢ow mentil dotoriorsUon. OeMrm~ion, Iloil aug w m r degrad•tiou en:l clmmniflcalmn ere rea©:~.ihg elarming proportions, and o,er,t~,slv en(-Jitger the Nving condign• in 18rg,, :>otis o ! the world. Diseases asso~stod with Idves~ environmental condilions comimJe lu coulv9 human misery. Changes in the atmosphere such as thole in the o~ne Isytr, the i'tcreasln 0 aoInQwttratJohOf carbon diO~lde,arid tlr.id ra~n pollulioq of Ihe seas and inland waters. ,.a. k m m and d l ~ o ~ l Of hmrdeus subszence~ and the 4xtinotk)n of •filmer and plal0¢atM;iee cor4Wuto Iurthur gmva threats m the humor environment. :'. D u d ~ the lasl decade, rdr~ per,.eptlon~ have •muffled: me need for envin-nmer~r mougAme~ end Immsmlen£the int~mab. gompkl0( inleffMMIomddp betomelt etlv;mn. men:, development, popukellou end ,uourcas end ~he IMain ~n the u,NIrmlment g m l S d . Hlltculady M u,lmn ames, by Inc~ou~ingpope. I ~ n hive bemn~ widely m~WllzcU. A corn ~;tqhenslve ,rod mginn~y intlgrlded approuct the! emphasizes ~ interrelationship cuN 16110
0378-777X/62/0000.0000/$02.75 .~, 1982 North-Holland
EnvironmentalPotic~ and Law, 9 (1982)
46 to e/ivirom,rr.eul Uy round ur~l SUMelMbis S ~ ~. ~ h l l l l l i to die ~l~ro~r llbg! I r e ooQrsvJted by pmm~lyas vail im by v ~IudUl conIumpdon pamime: n~h con lea,. pimpl~. Io over. explCtt their unvkrond~m, The Inta~s~ionel ~ment S~rntqy fm the Third 'Jnited Na(~one Development ~ l e and ~ • •~ablash,neat of a e•w i n t e m ~ u , a l economY, c :.'br I n thu• among the mojo~ r.~.mmMts Jr, Gin~li effort ~ rwersl imvlr=qmenlal deglld~bur,. Comblnldons of m a d ~ and plinn~n9
o ~ n I.q~al(omd nde to play I , lids m ~ . All imtI~rWbim, Ir.oludlng muldnthiomd corporntisn4, uhouIcl tok8 a n t Of ~ amvlr(mmllltol mudonIibitithm whim 8 d ~ hdu~trim prothJctioB muthode or t•o~jIoJogi~% ,Jr when e ~ n g ther~ to other cou~doe. ~mely imd ~dequsto 141gleIitJve~ IS ins-
01ontdmll•n~sotlom'U 4im~t~immmtadaisoam~ ~ mimmIe;nont:. ( ~ Elfort to ~ m n t dto ogr.dmnmem "%wed dowr. ~tolI~WhM t gr~Ir~i tl~i ~ d t h I ClOoAdo bimxuN of qnuncud dlflk:ultise qn~Nmmcod hy immo g0UN:IS6; (a) A ~ m ~ l Of envlrmm mUd pmt,tun'm in devofoplng ¢Ollmtdo8 ariIkag #ram t h I Wisimt intematiwwl ecoaotol0 •afar whi0h has elownd dovm ~wlr dmqlop~em and the Wothudm Of their i n v l m m l ~ 2. ~ that ~M Notor-bv-is~r r~,knv of the implemenWtion of the Actio.i Plim sog. Oimts s mbmd reso~ of imldevemen~ A n o v w I l l ; . , ~ ; ; . , ~ n t Isthat tMr4o.gond proilmim hie been mnde in impk;menllnI i I ~ e of to~ elermmm Of d ~ .~udon Pkm. while hi m*~:..( of other eismenth tho record h u bven we,, mad-
10. The wodd colammilpmOf 8 1 e l l Ioklmnly risWrmi its commitment to t h i itodmofm De,'Jaratlo~ and A~don PUS.%as well as to fwda~r II.'lnIthenln0 imd an~limton of nIUo'Ud tffortl and immatlomli co-operIdon in imd rllllOnel environmgntel imd r e ~ r ~ e thi field Of om,,i~onmimtel pcoteudon. # abo rimlfijmo ~ iml0porC lot s m m g t h n n ~ me mir.•gemimt. 6. "hill hufriwt e~vINhluHint woaJkl g N I ~ U,~iwd Nelkml EnvkonmontPmgramr~e im mijor -'ely~Jo i ~ I for g~lb41 e~lvkronpee~i) l l l d lil:urlty, (rile ~TOmthe UIraMI of i r ~ mimlII ...-oplr~on. Ifld coUs for I~c~limod wIIr. ~ p e e l ~ i11J~lsr m r , lad M WIite Of msoua~Dso to be INide ivllabi•o in pe~t]ouisr intdt~uel Offal flMIIrlll I H ~ Off arml. m rougl~ the Envlron.~ent Fund, h) ecrJmimthe meal. IS well is ~.om ~ ricud imam- p ~ i s ~ of ~ environment. It t.rgls iN Q ~ mimte Ind 5iHurim in ~ im~lomintetl~nof the gallon and Ill f~rms of &41~rlminatlon,~ionisl I ~ i m i I ~ ~ l i m of the ~ d tO At•ion Plumippeor th h i : end Other |OrfTl~ O| O~.I~;4),1 and ~ore~n d'-Wgo ~ hietorlcel re~onelbllity, ~IISQf ~ In the aim of I p ~ l s ~ l domination. O-~ly ~nd IndividuePy. to enim~e~ t o,)r ~-.dl mint: 0. Mir.y environmim~ pmol..~,~l trunlcimd p,anoliI pIIniod e~4r to fntur~ g4mln.qtlop :' i) The GI0b41 EnvltonmINIl Mordtorkal nolional bound-russ Ind should when e~pro:ondNon which gWIr.lr.tol~ I life in .~., .,~n System is operating and e0q0andthl, atpr.ste, be ~ fo~the biml~4 of ell ti~mlgh d l u n ~ ~or aim. (3 ~hough ~ ~ in ttm dnveta. c~n~ltitions I m o n ~ S l i m and c o l n i d n~ ~).~d.'ner~m, use,'•pp.~tons and ,~:~n~r,ne: action. Thus, Stel~s should pro|eta 9, ~tt~--Ofthe Ir~tom ( I I p i m e n t i I~lr~ ll~*mmroQriselv8~ l l I of ~ m " The Environment in : ~182 list; mf~r.lelI1#, O,If~U4iilg~'~ir.t4nl~i~ ~ ilOfl~ i) The GIob '~oSphmdo P ~ Pro- - Retrospect and r-to•pact me/ill, and e ~ p I ~ ¢o-opelllion in 9mmme has ...... " ' , t ~n intem-.ioql ro~i~ch and enviro~rNmtal mimIaemlnL ~udk;a Of d i n ~ i ~ c ~ , n ~ , . variebAKy 7. Envl~.,.r~mtll aefl{i~r,c*~ gimurltnd by imd of the alpofkllolll of Cik114tok~mwiconuWoml of ~ e ~ m V * l , including IX- D~nSlON to humIn ~ hi•re •iron incorpo. lor,.ul t4¢lWOSbel~nd 1110con rol o| the c o ~ r.ltod in thO World Clito•te ProGramme; taes c~mcorned, p u n ~r~ve ~ I v~;c~ iil) ~ IntmllI~ionel {~4elrlril ~ our T ~ ~ ,.6n be :ombetId by a more equ;tible dlstrib.I . ~ m # of environnumtol informet~on hi H a l ~ ~ I,I Nlirobl h¢ m 10 tO 10 May ",0"~ Of te~'h~il ard ecor.omin mcouIroeI 1982 mr. • coition .)f a i.per,lel c½irsmr to .,~acflollinI (IS I ~ K ~ hIJ not wdhm.,airedimOl~ StillS. 0eVIinpld countfle~, commemmms the tenth imniversaW of the nde4imtely rimlllId he obJedlv~ In ~df~is" and 4 ~ co,.nt,ins in I pol~tion Io da so. ~hV4ed Nntkona ¢ o n l • ~ c o o¢, the Humeri ~mA0~l•r h ~ ~ growth of uisr demund ~houlclassist devuIOlc,ln9 countris~ uffimtud by ro~mimt, held at ".tockholm from 5 to 16 Juno him bmm itow: env;ron,~mal dis~ruudonin their domimUu Of- 1972. i d The Intomatlonal Raq;istor Of IN~tntlelly h:m To d.II with thek' most sorioui imvimnTimlc ~hemi~xlo hco •wnod t~ p~ve imd; t o ~ ~ M a ~ o ~ n r .~s ct#o~ of thu metal ~ IJfllllallon of ap.-toWlm F.xecodve Okecmr e~Gtled "The e~vi~nme~ n an Imponlni ~ n t h i f ~ lie ormnti~n on *~ll,/~.~O|Og:ilS.pa~J.i IrF~'from Other d e . u p toxic c;~micois: In 1982: muo~pimt and pw.-~,~cr'. hill coU'~16es.coulo "~skoimouomic ahd SOCISl v) The Intimationii Pfcafamm OnChIn'.i(~iI I ~ ,[.ommib, . ~ m the .mpisprogrm~ C O m l ~ i n ~ l h cosoervalJor, of r.ato- mentMIon Of :he Audon P dn fo- t h i Human ~ f e ~ IS providing ~.*dco'~Ok'll ~ m l ~ ral mso.Jrce~ meats for I n inore~r. 9 n~.mb4r ~ suhEnviron•am ;.dopmd by the St¢;ckhoIm e. Fv~'~e~ eflo,'Sl - e needed to -levelof, le~nco. unvlnmhq1Onlul,/ l~q ~d rP4fle ,era•at and power ~ewlopm~'~, m . ; d e l i l fm ~a#i~ that the I~'nc~.dis cl the DimlymMhod) Iw -he eXl)~ ite@onl,no ,~li~Mlor. of ration of th~ Un,ted NaUon8~ n ~ l O • 011 omelrg,mc0 rospor.re to chim,'cal ac~. ~ib~el "V~OU~He m l ~ mo~k~mIJ Irndilionll H ~ n En,lronm~ w~ ~viNd ~ dual• end limhnlcll ~o-opur01Jon rl~Mir.Q n l~istpr@l P~iteml. P•fl "iculIr ii¢intloh lhouid v,lml k~ 1'.72, and, tog4pll~r with the pfl~elpiss to control of toxic chemic•f.;: be ~iId tO the r(~e Ol technical mnovetlOl~in Idopted in hliIIofli • I ~ m vl| A s o I I I I l e l t I of the IhVlr(~lmontl,. Imof I I m e l pK31 Of vMioco ~ I of energy f~aVl dlMIICI( r, pt'ovldl I :~#'IcI U l d l l l l l ~ ~onlmvatk.~. The r ~ M ~ p ~ of truditionil Ind i ~ l a ~ l im~ .onmunt prollnlll. been pubrud~l: paul CJIhv~p~OflOIP f l ~ 60UfC4I i ~ r.~W ~ill A • N o r m p m l mltitled "lrhe World E,~a~d d~u.~d~,~ 9 chelhmoim for me e l ~ c t ~ o rOlUlterd 1 9 7 ~ - 1 I " him b~lm p.ellahId I. The n~o~ a~lvemmls ~1 ! ~ ~ l i n manaQuml~l! ~ coNl~fltStJonof ur.g~y th I j l Ir.QllOr.With l l l l ~ Of I Iplelel rhs ~nvironmerd~ R3tionel emllgy plep~iblg ) ( I ) I ) I ~ ohlrlcto~ ~monf; ~UlOO~ c~ g~o~pa of ~etio~ could be ~1 ~,~ ~ area Of envlrmsme~del Itn4,~ae~ne~JeL M ~ n s &,ch ~s the devMopmimt (o ) ) ~ ) ) I hI)~ mMil: ug ~ e,.d .e~w~Me ~ r c o e Of e i ~ will I) There him b4im progmim kl mO (ornwin. i-m~ea k~ghl~uep~..#icud~npimt Onthe environOf r~giofllll ~ewlronmimtal J,'or~,ent. ~n~imr.mlmlll el~ngl, imd acceptance tlutr rind Governnumte have, P r ~ v ~ ~ Of d~m~ae to me ~ l l .,o~nmental protec~on m~dsts not amy or ~ d n d • numfisr Of lmpth'w~t glob.. ,~ preferable to the hwdimimn~ end expire•iv,) ~ ltIth~, ~ I ~ G of th4 I ' ~P~ ~ ' r~N~RINIthf l m U Illdr•~ P. u~ ,e"~r of ( f ~ l g e I f • • b y do'T. Pre~nth~a principke mnd9ukhdthe•, e~m I| in t*on'~e ecttor. Ihcoi¢ ;ncSude I o,~,nnlr~ of •U I the" hllvC i n d ~ l y l In 1~ :1, ICSvildsothat h M i n Impsot mt tho ~ f~) Ptovielol~ fm titO IIIV~'ohmir; th mir~I m p k m l ~ , . i o n or ~ l e ~ ' a n :ilL; It Is LIsLek~porl/it to in~Iime Puhlil and O ~ OOqlWlthlIIIs~and Id ~hIIIntII~8 i) Wod~deiifomhw*imp~Mnd~ .:.~. p o l h ~ l ev~m0-mo of the J~npartance of thI luris, ere~L~o~ of new endtonmimtol p ~ . bM d~aetlfledo~ to I m p ~ ~ witoo ~ p Im~m.mlf,l Ovauah i o f o ~ , ~JucILIon gMmm4s at rIg~omd a~d I n ' ~ i o n 4 1 krvds. ely end m m u p n m m , u c to b~.mve ~ Respo~l~bis I'dvidu•l ball•v~ou. led Udl ~ IIIld Ir.tonunis:lon of aXIS1. ~ , ~ eottllemen~, ellhouo-~ progrim. ,o .~ ~lve~ t l , I e u i m l ~ In luwhel~g Ihe in~ maim. ~ p l . ~nontthe Imf:mhe4~,ql th~4t~ .%~ ,:aPLa~Of thO ~r.~mnm~t. iqcx~,govmnn~ptal r~ ~ ee-operadon imd ,~olisbor•dm, lima sudan plIr4 dowiop, d M le~ ~ Of We&~RJo:t.3 h ~ a piftk;uisrlv Inlpoflinl imd am•h0 luld 14mv4MiGim~'tlltor.t,, ahd M . 03;~8"777X/IB2/0000"0000/$02.75 @ 1 9 8 2 N o r t h - H o l l o n a