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Stability monitoring of buried pipelines in permafrost regions
N DT Abstracts
63502
Tandon, K.K.
MFL tool hardware for pipeline inspection Materials Performance, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 75-79 (1997) The intelligent pig based on the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is frequently used for inline inspection of gas and liquid transportation pipelines. The tool is capable of reliably detecting and characterizing several commonly occuring pipeline defects including metal loss due to corrosion and gouges, dents, and buckles, which tend to threaten the structural integrity of the pipelines. The defection and characterization capabilities of the tool are directly dependent upon the type of critical hardware components and systems selected for the tool assembly. This article discusses the key components of an "advanced" or "high resolution" MFL tool. 63494 Podney, W. Development of a magnetic telescope for evaluating integrity of buried steel gas piping from the surface. Annual Report, November 1992- December 1993 SQM Technology Inc., La Jalla, CA (United States), PB96155387/GAR. 54 pp. (Sep. 1995) The object is to develop an instrument that uses highly sensitive. superconductive, magnetic sensors to evaluate integrity of buried gas piping from the surface, through a two meter overburden.
A round robin test series was conducted to assess the imperfection/flaw sizing of ultrasonic time of flight (UTOF) technology for application to oil country tubular goods (OCTG). The round objective was to determine the feasibility of using UTOF methods in the prove up stage of OCTG production to obtain crack size data in support of life prediction.
Cox, M.; Garrigus, A.; Walker, W.; Wade, R. Stability monitoring of buried pipelines in permafrost regions 62266
Energy Week '96: American Society of Mechanical Engineers and American Petroleum Institute Energy Week Conference and Exhibition, Houston, TX (United States), 21 Jan.-2 Feb. 1996, pp. 111-113 (1996) ISBN 0964873184 Major improvements in the TAPS stability monitoring system occurred with the successful development of the curvature pig, developed by Nowsco Pipeline Services. The curvature or geopig uses gyros, accelemmeters, and ultrasonic transducers to perform inertial geometry and pipe deformation surveys. The geopig has completed three full length (800 miles) surveys and one partial (215 miles) survey of TAPS. Alyeska has evaluated the results of two runs and is satisfied that the geopig is the best method for monitoring TAPS.
Hamasaki, Y.; Ide, T. Fabrication of multi-layer eddy current micro sensors for nondestructive inspection of small diameter pipes 62202
62731 Ulrich, L.W. DOT's perspective on in-line inspection
Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Workshop on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 95), Amsterdam (Netherlands), 29 Jan.-2 Feb. 1995. pp. 232-237. IEEE (1995) 1SBN 0780325036 To improve the reliability of gas supplying installations, the nondestructive inspection of gas pipes is required. Eddy current sensors are usually used. We report in the present work on the fabrication of the small-scale sensors using photolithography and electroplating techniques. The fabrication process of micro sensors of 3 mm x 3 m m x 80 I.tm in dimensions and composed of 4 layers of micro planar micro spiral coils of 10 x 10 Hmsup(2) copper line has been performed.
Materials Performance, Vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 17-21 (1996) The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and its Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) have been involved with in-line inspection (ILl) pigs. Congressionally mandated reports concerning ILl pigs, and a regulation requiring new and replaced pipe and components he designed and constructed to accommodate ILl pigs, were issued by DOT. The use of ILS pig surveys, incorporated in pipeline operators' future risk management plans developed as safety alternatives to the established pipeline regulations, will be supported.
Gunarathne, G.P.P.; Keatch, R.W. Novel techniques for monitoring and enhancing dissolution of mineral deposits in petroleum pipelines
62712 Structural integrity, NDE, risk a n d material performance for
62132
petroleum, process and power
Ultrasonics, Vol. 34, Nos. 2-5, pp. 411-419 (1996) Problems of conventional ultrasonic techniques with respect to detection of scales in petroleum pipelines are analysed. The development of mathematical models to extract the characteristic features from ultrasonic scans for detecting the type and the extent of deposits are described. These features are compared with stored data to identify the deposits and assess their growth. This aids performance optimization of the remedial scale dissolver and preventative scale inhibitor treatments. The process of de-scaling is further enhanced by ultrasonic irradiation and methods for monitoring the dissolution in real-time are proposed.
Proceedings of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Montreal (Canada), 21-26 Jul. 1996. PVP-Vol. 336. Edited by M. Prager, D.L. Bagnoli, W.R. Warke, O.A. Anyewuenyi, J.P. Smith, M. Chen, T.A. DePadova and L.J. Weingart. (1996) ISBN 0791817830 This volume provides numerous case histories, strategies, practical examples and theoretical approaches. Papers in this volume are arranged under the following topics: service experience in petrochemical plants; risk-based inspection; NDE issues in the petroleum industry; high temperature service in the petroleum industry; tankage analysis and standards; and finite element analysis applications for the process industries.
Culhertson, D.L. Use of intelligent pigs to detect stress corrosion cracking in gas pipelines 62109
62701 Lieberman, P. Accelerated aging corrosion tests for buried metal structures Pipeline and Gas Journal, Vol. 223, No. 10, pp. 48-52 (Oct. 1996) It is necessary to identify those measurable soil parameters which dictate the severity of the corrosion problem for coated irons and steels. The discussion introduces the important concepts and measurement parameters in the (a) design of accelerated aging tests, and (b) evaluation of the planned installation site for corrosion potential.
Corrosion '96, Proceedings of the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) Conference, Houston, TX (United States), 24-29 Mar. 1996. p. 7, Paper 35. NACE International (1996) To ensure the integrity and serviceability of gas pipelines, operators periodically utilize intelligent pigging. This inspection technique has proven to be a cost effective approach for determining the condition of operating pipelines. Recent advancements in intelligent pigging technology are now aiding the pipeline industry in the detection of stress corrosion cracking.
Sprague, J.L. Radiographic inspection of piping and vessel welds in existing plants 62383
Energy Week '96: American Society of Mechanical Engineers and American Petroleum Institute Energy Week Conference and Exhibition, Houston, TX (United States), 21 Jan.-2 Feb. 1996, pp. 217-220 (1996) ISBN 0964873184 Radiographic inspection of in-service pressure equipment that has performed satisfactorily should he focused upon determining if any progressive deterioration, such as corrosion, cracking, etc. is taking place that changes the ability of the system to function safely and reliably.
62092 Nikiforova, Z.S. Quality in non-destructive testing: problems and ways of resolution in the Republic of Belarus Insight, Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 653-655 (Sep. 1996) Non-destructive testing has become a stable practice for the assessment of product quality and the prediction of the technical state of in- service equipment for, predominately, products and objects where safety is critical. The secure technical state of aircraft, railway transport, gas- and oil pipelines, installation of chemical plants, facilities in energy and communication, provide our normal life. As distinct from other testing methods, NDT may be used at all stages of production.
Bray, A.V.; Austin, R.K.; Diercks, KJ. NDE flaw size testing in steel pipe welds and walls - a preliminary round robin for feasibility assessment 62330
Energy Week '96: American Society of Mechanical Engineers and American Petroleum Institute Energy Week Conference and Exhibition, Houston, TX (United States), 21 Jan.-2 Feb. 1996, pp. 44-47 (1996) ISBN 0964873184
62090 Bettoli, R.; lacovoni, A.; Holden, D. Indian products pipelines gets SCADA system Oil and Gas Journal, Vol. 94, No. 40, pp. 45-49 (30 Sep. 1996) A Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system that,
376
63502
Tandon, K.K.
MFL tool hardware for pipeline inspection Materials Performance, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 75-79 (1997) The intelligent pig based on the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is frequently used for inline inspection of gas and liquid transportation pipelines. The tool is capable of reliably detecting and characterizing several commonly occuring pipeline defects including metal loss due to corrosion and gouges, dents, and buckles, which tend to threaten the structural integrity of the pipelines. The defection and characterization capabilities of the tool are directly dependent upon the type of critical hardware components and systems selected for the tool assembly. This article discusses the key components of an "advanced" or "high resolution" MFL tool. 63494 Podney, W. Development of a magnetic telescope for evaluating integrity of buried steel gas piping from the surface. Annual Report, November 1992- December 1993 SQM Technology Inc., La Jalla, CA (United States), PB96155387/GAR. 54 pp. (Sep. 1995) The object is to develop an instrument that uses highly sensitive. superconductive, magnetic sensors to evaluate integrity of buried gas piping from the surface, through a two meter overburden.
A round robin test series was conducted to assess the imperfection/flaw sizing of ultrasonic time of flight (UTOF) technology for application to oil country tubular goods (OCTG). The round objective was to determine the feasibility of using UTOF methods in the prove up stage of OCTG production to obtain crack size data in support of life prediction.
Cox, M.; Garrigus, A.; Walker, W.; Wade, R. Stability monitoring of buried pipelines in permafrost regions 62266
Energy Week '96: American Society of Mechanical Engineers and American Petroleum Institute Energy Week Conference and Exhibition, Houston, TX (United States), 21 Jan.-2 Feb. 1996, pp. 111-113 (1996) ISBN 0964873184 Major improvements in the TAPS stability monitoring system occurred with the successful development of the curvature pig, developed by Nowsco Pipeline Services. The curvature or geopig uses gyros, accelemmeters, and ultrasonic transducers to perform inertial geometry and pipe deformation surveys. The geopig has completed three full length (800 miles) surveys and one partial (215 miles) survey of TAPS. Alyeska has evaluated the results of two runs and is satisfied that the geopig is the best method for monitoring TAPS.
Hamasaki, Y.; Ide, T. Fabrication of multi-layer eddy current micro sensors for nondestructive inspection of small diameter pipes 62202
62731 Ulrich, L.W. DOT's perspective on in-line inspection
Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Workshop on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 95), Amsterdam (Netherlands), 29 Jan.-2 Feb. 1995. pp. 232-237. IEEE (1995) 1SBN 0780325036 To improve the reliability of gas supplying installations, the nondestructive inspection of gas pipes is required. Eddy current sensors are usually used. We report in the present work on the fabrication of the small-scale sensors using photolithography and electroplating techniques. The fabrication process of micro sensors of 3 mm x 3 m m x 80 I.tm in dimensions and composed of 4 layers of micro planar micro spiral coils of 10 x 10 Hmsup(2) copper line has been performed.
Materials Performance, Vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 17-21 (1996) The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and its Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) have been involved with in-line inspection (ILl) pigs. Congressionally mandated reports concerning ILl pigs, and a regulation requiring new and replaced pipe and components he designed and constructed to accommodate ILl pigs, were issued by DOT. The use of ILS pig surveys, incorporated in pipeline operators' future risk management plans developed as safety alternatives to the established pipeline regulations, will be supported.
Gunarathne, G.P.P.; Keatch, R.W. Novel techniques for monitoring and enhancing dissolution of mineral deposits in petroleum pipelines
62712 Structural integrity, NDE, risk a n d material performance for
62132
petroleum, process and power
Ultrasonics, Vol. 34, Nos. 2-5, pp. 411-419 (1996) Problems of conventional ultrasonic techniques with respect to detection of scales in petroleum pipelines are analysed. The development of mathematical models to extract the characteristic features from ultrasonic scans for detecting the type and the extent of deposits are described. These features are compared with stored data to identify the deposits and assess their growth. This aids performance optimization of the remedial scale dissolver and preventative scale inhibitor treatments. The process of de-scaling is further enhanced by ultrasonic irradiation and methods for monitoring the dissolution in real-time are proposed.
Proceedings of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Montreal (Canada), 21-26 Jul. 1996. PVP-Vol. 336. Edited by M. Prager, D.L. Bagnoli, W.R. Warke, O.A. Anyewuenyi, J.P. Smith, M. Chen, T.A. DePadova and L.J. Weingart. (1996) ISBN 0791817830 This volume provides numerous case histories, strategies, practical examples and theoretical approaches. Papers in this volume are arranged under the following topics: service experience in petrochemical plants; risk-based inspection; NDE issues in the petroleum industry; high temperature service in the petroleum industry; tankage analysis and standards; and finite element analysis applications for the process industries.
Culhertson, D.L. Use of intelligent pigs to detect stress corrosion cracking in gas pipelines 62109
62701 Lieberman, P. Accelerated aging corrosion tests for buried metal structures Pipeline and Gas Journal, Vol. 223, No. 10, pp. 48-52 (Oct. 1996) It is necessary to identify those measurable soil parameters which dictate the severity of the corrosion problem for coated irons and steels. The discussion introduces the important concepts and measurement parameters in the (a) design of accelerated aging tests, and (b) evaluation of the planned installation site for corrosion potential.
Corrosion '96, Proceedings of the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) Conference, Houston, TX (United States), 24-29 Mar. 1996. p. 7, Paper 35. NACE International (1996) To ensure the integrity and serviceability of gas pipelines, operators periodically utilize intelligent pigging. This inspection technique has proven to be a cost effective approach for determining the condition of operating pipelines. Recent advancements in intelligent pigging technology are now aiding the pipeline industry in the detection of stress corrosion cracking.
Sprague, J.L. Radiographic inspection of piping and vessel welds in existing plants 62383
Energy Week '96: American Society of Mechanical Engineers and American Petroleum Institute Energy Week Conference and Exhibition, Houston, TX (United States), 21 Jan.-2 Feb. 1996, pp. 217-220 (1996) ISBN 0964873184 Radiographic inspection of in-service pressure equipment that has performed satisfactorily should he focused upon determining if any progressive deterioration, such as corrosion, cracking, etc. is taking place that changes the ability of the system to function safely and reliably.
62092 Nikiforova, Z.S. Quality in non-destructive testing: problems and ways of resolution in the Republic of Belarus Insight, Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 653-655 (Sep. 1996) Non-destructive testing has become a stable practice for the assessment of product quality and the prediction of the technical state of in- service equipment for, predominately, products and objects where safety is critical. The secure technical state of aircraft, railway transport, gas- and oil pipelines, installation of chemical plants, facilities in energy and communication, provide our normal life. As distinct from other testing methods, NDT may be used at all stages of production.
Bray, A.V.; Austin, R.K.; Diercks, KJ. NDE flaw size testing in steel pipe welds and walls - a preliminary round robin for feasibility assessment 62330
Energy Week '96: American Society of Mechanical Engineers and American Petroleum Institute Energy Week Conference and Exhibition, Houston, TX (United States), 21 Jan.-2 Feb. 1996, pp. 44-47 (1996) ISBN 0964873184
62090 Bettoli, R.; lacovoni, A.; Holden, D. Indian products pipelines gets SCADA system Oil and Gas Journal, Vol. 94, No. 40, pp. 45-49 (30 Sep. 1996) A Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system that,
376