Standardized exchange of plant equipment and materials data based on ISO 15926 methodology in nuclear power plants

Annals of Nuclear Energy 118 (2018) 185–198

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Annals of Nuclear Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/anucene

Standardized exchange of plant equipment and materials data based on ISO 15926 methodology in nuclear power plants Soonjo Kwon a, Bongcheol Kim b, Kyungik An c, Dongsoo Ryu d, Duhwan Mun b,⇑, Soonhung Han e a

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, South Korea c PartDB Co., Ltd, 1476-55, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, South Korea d Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, 1655, Bulguk-ro, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38120, South Korea e Korea STEP Center, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea b

a r t i c l e

i n f o

Article history: Received 30 May 2017 Received in revised form 27 March 2018 Accepted 2 April 2018

Keywords: Data exchange Equipment iRINGTools ISO 15926 Materials Nuclear power plant

a b s t r a c t In a nuclear power plant, classification is a key tool to manage equipment and materials. There could be different classifications corresponding to the different lifecycle phases and the challenge is to achieve and maintain interoperability, continuity, traceability between them. Therefore, it is important to define the equipment and materials classification based on standardized information models in order to effectively share and integrate lifecycle data of equipment and materials. To accomplish this, a method for standardized exchange of plant equipment and materials data based on ISO 15926 methodology in nuclear power plants is suggested. In the proposed method, we use an information model to expand the equipment and materials classification used for the operation and maintenance phase of a nuclear power plant. This is based on the ISO 15926 standard after analyzing the master data from the Shin Kori unit 1 and 2 of Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. (KHNP). Furthermore, as a data exchange tool in the proposed method, this study develops a method to exchange equipment and materials specification data by using iRINGTools. Ó 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction In order to effectively share data between various the stakeholders involved in a process plant project, such as engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) companies, equipment and material suppliers, and owners, it is necessary to appropriately manage internal data to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and ensure work efficiency. Generally, an increase in the number of stakeholders participating in the project increases the number of translators, and significant effort and financial resources are involved in exchanging and sharing data. Therefore, it is essential to define a neutral data model and develop an application system based on the neutral data model to effectively share and integrate data. The information of equipment and materials is used during the life cycle of the nuclear power plant. In the process design stage, the specification of the equipment or material is determined, and

⇑ Corresponding author at: Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, South Korea. E-mail address: [email protected] (D. Mun). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2018.04.001 0306-4549/Ó 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

the equipment or material that satisfies the specification is selected and approved in the detailed design stage. The equipment and materials are installed in the construction phase and maintained in the operation and maintenance phase. The improper management of specification data of equipment and materials installed in a nuclear power plant leads to problems including inaccuracies in identification, errors in transmission, and duplication of information for equipment and materials. The equipment or materials specification data is described based on a predefined classification. The classification may vary during the different lifecycle phases depending on the needs. The classification includes a list of part categories, a hierarchy between the categories, a list of properties for each category, and properties. It is desirable to define the classification by using standardized information models and to exchange equipment and materials data by using the neutral data model. An information model is a representation of concepts, relationships, constraints, and rules to specify data for a given domain. This study investigates a method for standardized exchange of plant equipment and materials data based on the international standard for sharing and integrating process plant data in power plants, ISO 15926 (Leal, 2005). To accomplish this, it is necessary

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to analyze an existing equipment and materials classification for the operation and maintenance phase of a nuclear power plant and to expand the classification using the ISO 15926 data model and initial reference data. Subsequently, it is necessary to convert the expanded classification into user-defined reference data according to the reference data development and validation method. This method is specified in the standard and serves to construct a reference data server for the user-defined reference data (the expanded classification). Finally, equipment and materials data must be exchanged to comply with the implementation method specified in the standard; iRINGTools is used for this purpose. This study is organized as follows. Related standards and researches are analyzed in Section 2. The results of analyzing and expanding the equipment and materials classification of Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. (KHNP) (xxxx) are discussed and a method to convert the expanded classification into ISO 15926based reference data is proposed in Section 3. In Section 4, a data exchange method using iRINGTools for equipment and materials of nuclear power plant is proposed, and the experimental results of the exchange for equipment data provided by KHNP are discussed. The study conclusions are presented in Section 5.

2. Related studies 2.1. Industrial data standards for plant industry ISO 15926, ISO 10303 (Pratt, 2001); XMpLant (xxxx), and generic product model (GPM) (Koizumi et al., 2004) correspond to representative neutral data models for sharing plant data. ISO 15926 Process Plants is a standard to integrate lifecycle information on production facilities of petroleum gas plant engineering enacted by SC4 (Sub Committee) of TC184 (Technical Committee) of ISO (International Standard Organization). The main parts of ISO 15926 include part 2 data model (ISO, 2003), part 3 topology and geometry (ISO, 2009), part 4 initial reference data (ISO, 2007), part 6 reference data development and validation method (ISO, 2013), part 7 template methodology (ISO, 2011), part 8 OWL (web ontology language) implementation (ISO, 2011), and part 11 simplified usage of reference data (ISO, 2015). Part 9 (ISO, 2012) was proposed to provide implementation methods for the integration of distributed systems but the development has been stopped at the time while writing this paper. Plant data in ISO 15926 which complies with the data model of part 2, is represented using the templates of part 7 and the reference data of part 4, and is encoded in OWL according the implementation method of part 8. Reference data used for the representation of 2D or 3D shape in ISO 15926 is provided in part 3. The level of support for the ISO 15926 standard is divided into support of reference data, support of data model, and support of an implementation method. Most commercial systems only support reference data. Conversely, iRINGTools (xxxx) developed through the IDS/ADI program (which constitutes a cooperative program between Fiatech (xxxx) and POSC Caesar Association (PCA) (xxxx) supports all the parts of the ISO 15926 standard. ISO 10303 STEP is an international standard to exchange product model data. Application protocols of STEP that are applied in the process plant industry include AP221-schematic representation (ISO, 2007), AP227-spatial configuration (ISO, 2005), and AP239-life cycle support (ISO, 2005). Hwang et al. (Hwang et al., 2004) proposed a hybrid neutral format to exchange a ship equipment model; for reference, shipbuilding industry is also a type of process plant industry. In the study, STEP AP203 (ISO, 2011) was used to express shape information, and PLIB (ISO, 1998) was used to express non-shape information. Kassel and Briggs (Kassel and

Briggs, 2008) studied the use of the STEP AP239 PLCS for managing ship outfitting design data across their entire lifecycle, beyond the design and manufacturing phases. Irgens et al. (Irgens et al., 2004) developed a STEP AP239 PLCS pilot for new Norwegian frigates to hold and exchange product and support data. Industrial data standards, including ISO 15926, have been developed mainly with the use of the EXPRESS language (ISO, 2004). Recently, attempts have been made to manage Semantic Web technology, including Web Ontology Language (OWL) (xxxx) and RDF (resource description framework) (xxxx), in industrial data standards. ISO 15926-8 specifies that ISO 15926-based plant lifecycle data should be expressed in OWL and RDF. Noumenon Consulting developed XMpLant, which corresponds to a neutral data model and a tool for plant data exchange (XMpLant, xxxx). It supports plant structure, properties, and twodimensional drawing and 3D geometry. Specifically, XMpLant provides a highly compatible interface with major plant design systems, such as SmartPlant3D and AVEVA PDMS, and also supports conversion to the ISO 15926 standard. The data structure of XMpLant can be accessed from Fiatech and PCA (The Proteus Project, xxxx). Additionally, GPM is a neutral data model specialized in nuclear power plants developed by a research team in Hitachi of Japan throughout projects such as PlantCALS, PlantEC, IMS, and VIPNET (Koizumi et al., 2004; Yoon et al., 2002; CALS, xxxx). Furthermore, GPM is also used to represent general plant facilities. Mun et al. (Mun et al., 2008) and Mun and Yang (Mun and Yang, 2010) built a neutral data warehouse based on GPM and developed applications for a Korean nuclear power plant. However, data compatibility was limited since GPM is not an international standard. The scope of data exchange is tailored for a specific exchange need and the schema is reflecting this need. Therefore, existing studies simultaneously used one or more standards to meet the need for data exchange (Fiorentini et al., 2014). In this study, the equipment and materials classification of a nuclear power plant was expanded by referring to the structure of initial reference data of ISO 15926 part 4, and data exchange was performed based on the expanded classification. 2.2. Data sharing based on reference data library (RDL) In general, solving the inconsistency of semantics between terms in data exchange is an important issue. Therefore, it is important to use the same reference data library (RDL) for accurate information sharing among participants; if different RDLs are used, mapping between them should be performed. For instance, in order for softwares using different RDL to exchange instances, different classes from different RDL having the same semantic should be mapped first. In various fields, many studies used RDL to achieve automation and integration of information exchange (Li et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2011; Kwon et al., 2016; Fiorentini et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2012). Most previous studies only utilized or expanded initial reference data of ISO 15926 part 4 in the process plant or nuclear power plant industry (as shown in Fig. 1). Li et al. (Li et al., 2011) proposed a method using STEP AP227 for product information exchange and ISO 15926 part 4 (ISO, xxxx) for catalog information exchange when sharing piping CAD models in an offshore plant. They expanded the ISO 15926 part 4 initial reference data based on their equipment and material class code, which is a code system used in the shipyard, to define the RDL of the shipyard. Kim et al. (Kim et al., 2017) proposed a method for representing a plant 3D CAD model in ISO 15926 and defined user-defined reference data for constructive solid geometry (CSG), triangle mesh, and external boundary representation (B-rep models) by referring to ISO 15926-3.

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Fig. 1. Structure of ISO 15926-4.

Kim et al. (Kim et al., 2011) implemented a prototype of an ISO 15926-based façade for storing data on nuclear power plant equipment and servicing the data to interested organizations for the proof-of-concept of ISO 15926 parts 7, 8, and 9. During the process, the design specification data of the facilities installed in the Korean nuclear power plant was used as a test case. Kwon et al. (Kwon et al., 2016) also utilized the ISO 15926 part 2, part 4, and part 7 to exchange catalog information between EPC company and manufacturers in the process plant industry. Fiorentini et al. (Fiorentini et al., 2013) constructed a RDL for the nuclear sector to ensure data compatibility with legacy systems and external systems, by referring to the internal business model MUDU (a french acronym for Unified Model of User Data) of the French electric company Electricité de France (EDF). They created their own CoreRDL and muduRDL that are compliant with ISO 15926. Lee et al. (Lee et al., 2012) proposed a data model for the effective operation and maintenance of manufacturing facilities by adopting the concept of the ISO 15926 part 2 data model. CFIHOS (Capital Facilities Information Hand Over Specification) (xxxx) is an international collaborative project to create a standard specification for information handover between owner operators, EPC companies, and suppliers during a plant life cycle. The purpose of the project involves using standardized specifications to reduce the cost of transferring data and eliminate inefficiencies. The CFIHOS project especially provides essential processes, elements, and RDL resources for information handover from the EPC phase to the operation and maintenance phase in a plant life cycle. This project will contribute to the ISO 15926 part 4 as they are proposing Change Requests at the ISO/TC 184/SC 4 Industrial Data committee. Previous studies on data exchange by using reference data, except for Fiorentini et al. (Fiorentini et al., 2013) and Lee et al. (Lee et al., 2012), mainly focused on simply using ISO 15926 part 4 initial reference data in its original form or expanding it. This study involves expanding the current equipment and materials classification of a Korean nuclear power plant by referring to the structure of initial reference data of ISO 15926 part 4. This study is also differentiated from the previous studies because the data exchange is performed by using iRINGTools based on the expanded classification that refers to ISO 15926.

this purpose, the master data of the facilities of Shin Kori unit 1 and unit 2 of KHNP were analyzed. The classification and data of the facilities for the operation of the nuclear power plants are stored and managed by the master data of their ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system. The equipment and materials classification includes all the properties used in the design, purchase, construction, and operation phases associated with the equipment. Generally, a simplified classification is used when compared to other stages of the life cycle for the sake of ease of operation in the operational phase. In the design phase, we found that a classification is more subdivided based on the characteristics of the facilities than other lifecycle phases. In contrast, different types of equipment or materials used for the same purpose are treated the same and integrated into a single type in the operational phase. Fig. 2 shows some of the equipment and materials classifications that are currently used in the operational phase of the KHNP nuclear power plant. The classes in Level 2 are divided into mechanical, electrical, instrumentation, and control equipment and material classes based on the ease of operation at the operational stage or the discipline in the field. The classes of Level 3 are classified into 63 classes based on the equipment and materials-specific functions. A detailed classification below Level 3 does not exist. A property list and master data for each equipment or material is constructed based on each class in Level 3. The master data corresponded to the basis for the operation of the facilities, and it contains a list and property values of all the facilities managed in the operational phase. The initial reference data of ISO 15926-4 (xxxx) also provides a classification for equipment and materials; however, it should be noted that a standardized set of properties for each category (class) is not defined in ISO 15926-4. A part of the equipment and materials classification of ISO 15926-4 is shown in Fig. 3, which shows the hierarchy among classes based on superclass and subclass relationship presented in the standard. The classification stems from the thing class at the top and expands to the abstract classes defined in ISO 15926-2. Subsequently, it expands to the classes that constitute ISO 15926-4. The total number of classes in the ISO 15926-4 initial reference data approximately corresponds to 10,000, and this includes the classifications of equipment, materials, system, and properties. The ISO 15926-4 and its classification in a spreadsheet format can be found in (ISO, xxxx). In ISO 15926-4, major equipment and materials classifications including valves and pumps originate from different classes (such as artefact classes and physical objects). Thus, the classification is

3. Standard-based expansion of nuclear equipment and materials classification 3.1. Status of nuclear equipment and materials classification In the study, the KHNP nuclear equipment and materials classification for operation and maintenance was initially analyzed. For

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Fig. 2. Equipment classification of KHNP (AS-IS).

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Fig. 3. A part of the ISO 15926-4 classification.

constructed such that equipment or material is represented in a more general manner than that of KHNP. Additionally, KHNP manages valves, pumps, and other equipment and material as a single class while ISO 15926-4 expands the valve to approximately 300 subclasses and the pump to approximately 200 subclasses. This implies that the equipment and materials classification of ISO 15926-4 is subdivided in detail based on various criteria. In conclusion, the equipment and materials classification covered by the ISO 15926-4 is more detailed and broad when compared to the classification currently used by KHNP for nuclear power plant operation. There is an ongoing effort to adopt this standard to nuclear power plants because the main purpose of ISO 15926 is to share and integrate the lifecycle data of process plants. However, replacement of the classification that is currently used for the operation of a nuclear power plant with one classification provided by the ISO 15926 part 4 standard does not appear feasible because the classification in the standard is not fully compatible with the current one. Therefore, the current study expands the equipment and materials classification of KHNP by referring to the ISO 15926-4 initial reference data, which will be described in detail in the next section. Subsequently, the expanded classification is mapped to the ISO 15926-4 to ensure its compatibility. Once the compatibility with the ISO 15926-4 is achieved, the master data based on the expanded classification can be transferred to other systems that are already compatible with the ISO 15926-4.

classification criteria of ISO 15926-4. This is followed by selecting a few properties from the master data that then constitute the criteria for expanding the classification; these properties are referred to as classification properties. Subsequently, the current classification of nuclear equipment is expanded based on the property values of the selected classification properties. It is also necessary to define a structure among subclasses which is performed by

3.2. Property-based expansion of nuclear equipment and materials classification In this section, a method is proposed to expand the equipment and materials classification to overcome the problems of the current practices described above. The procedure for expanding the equipment and materials classification based on ISO 15926 is shown in Fig. 4. The aim of the procedure involves dividing the classification by using properties and their values in the master data as composition criteria of the new classification. It is necessary to select classification criteria of equipment to expand the classification. For this purpose, this study initially analyzes the

Fig. 4. Procedure for reconstructing equipment and materials classification.

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referring to a detailed classification structure through the mapping onto ISO 15926-4. As a result, the current equipment and materials classification of the nuclear power plants is expanded and finalized. Table 1 compares the pros and cons of the general classification (AS-IS in KHNP) and the subdivided classification (TO-BE in KHNP) from the viewpoint of operation and maintenance phase of nuclear power plant. The subdivided classification distinguishes the facilities more clearly when compared to the general classification and is designed with the specific set of properties. Additionally, it is possible to specify the characteristics of each equipment or material based on properties, and it is also used as basic data for advanced maintenance such as condition based maintenance (CBM) (Shin and Jun, 2015). Conversely, the possibility of classification error is relatively high due to the technical and engineeringbased details. Thus, the definition of the specific set of properties for all subdivided classes is difficult. However, a recent trend involves elevating the safety level of equipment or material maintenance to a higher level in the operational phase of nuclear power plants. The equipment and materials classification tends to be subdivided in detail accordingly; in ISO 14224 (Petroleum, 2016), it is stated that the subdivision will be required to support the better reliability maintenance in the operation and maintenance stage of process plants. Therefore, the present study works closely with this purpose. 3.2.1. Selection of criteria to expand the classification: classification property In the study, the equipment and materials classification criteria of ISO 15926-4 were initially analyzed to select classification properties. We referred to the concept of the function-behaviorstructure (FBS) ontology (Gero and Kannengiesser, 2007), which is broadly used to represent artificial objects, to analyze how the classes in ISO 15926-4 were classified. As a result, we found that the principle of the classification is broadly divided into HOW and WHAT criterion. The HOW criterion refers to the internal characteristics of an equipment or a material and is divided into static characteristics (structure) and dynamic characteristics (behavior). For example, the static characteristic corresponds to the composition of the equipment or material, the type of material that it is composed of, while the dynamic characteristic corresponds to how the equipment or material is driven. The WHAT criterion refers

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to the role or purpose that the equipment performs while interacting with the external environment (function). Fig. 5 shows an example of connecting the equipment and material classes of ISO 15926-4 to the classification criteria described above. It is observed that an equipment or a material class is expanded with reference to one criterion, and an extra criterion is additionally referred to when additional expansion is required. For example, the pump is divided from the physical object based on its purpose. Subsequently, the piston pump is divided from the pump based on the static characteristics of the HOW criterion. The air driven piston pump is further divided by the behavior characteristics of the HOW criterion. In addition to the pump, other equipment defined in ISO 15926-4 construct an initial classification based on the purpose and additional classification according to static characteristics or dynamic specification. In order to apply the classification criteria to the new nuclear equipment and materials classification, the properties corresponding to the classification criteria were selected from the master data. The properties of the equipment and materials in the master data are divided into basic properties, design properties, construction properties, and operation properties. Among these, the design property best reflects the characteristics inherent in the equipment or material. Therefore, the design properties are selected as classification properties and used in expanding the current classification. Fig. 6 shows an example of the selection of classification properties (marked in red) in the master data and corresponding equipment and materials classification criteria. In case of valves, the valve type, the driving type, and the material among the design properties of the valve were selected as the classification properties. This is followed by checking the list of property values stored in the master data to verify whether property values are appropriate for the expansion. As a result, the driving type belongs to the dynamic characteristic of the HOW criterion, and the valve type and the material are properties corresponding to the static characteristic of the HOW criterion. The WHAT criterion was used to derive the valve class from the mechanical equipment class. 3.2.2. Expansion of the classification through class mapping and grouping Fig. 7 shows the procedure and conceptual diagram for expanding the equipment and materials classification through class

Table 1 Comparison of general classification and subdivided classification. General Classification (AS-IS in KHNP)

Pros

 Familiar to the field users  Probability of classification error is low

Cons

 Difficult to manage due to large number of property items  Depth of classification differs according to department  Can not be used as basic data for reliability maintenance according to characteristics of equipment

Subdivided classification (TO-BE in KHNP)

 Easy to find the equipment of interest  Can be designed with optimized set of properties  Can be used as basic data for reliability maintenance according to characteristics of equipment  Exact equipment type is required for classification  Probability of classification error is high

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Fig. 5. General equipment and materials classification criteria of ISO 15926-4.

Fig. 6. Classification properties selected from the master data and their correspondence to equipment classification criteria of ISO 15926-4.

mapping and grouping with ISO 15926-4. After selecting the classification properties as described in the previous section, the intermediate classification is constructed by replacing all the values of the classification properties with equipment and material classes. A property value is equal to an equipment or material class. In the intermediate classification, the classes are arranged horizontally without any parent–child relationships Fig. 7(a)). Therefore, the classes of the intermediate classification are mapped to the classes of ISO 15926-4 initial reference data to generate a meaningful structure. The classes of ISO 15926-4 initial reference data that are mapped to the classes of the intermediate

classification are used to obtain information on parent–child relationship of each class Fig. 7(b)). This allows the construction of a hierarchical relationship between equipment and material classes of the intermediate classification. For example, if two or more classes in the intermediate classification include a common parent class in ISO 15926-4, then these classes are grouped together, and the non-mapped class is added in its original form without grouping Fig. 7(c)). This procedure is similar to group technology (Kusiak and Heragu, 1987) in which groups of equipment and materials with similar properties are grouped in a bottom-up fashion.

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Fig. 7. Class mapping and grouping procedure for constructing the final equipment and materials classification.

Fig. 8. Final pump classification after mapping and grouping referring to ISO 15926-4.

Fig. 8 shows the final classification of the pump through mapping and grouping by referring to ISO 15926-4. Fig. 8(a) shows the intermediate classification based on classification properties and their values. Fig. 8(b) shows the final classification that reflects a meaningful structure of ISO 15926-4 to the intermediate classification. In the study, the whole equipment and materials classification managed in nuclear power plants was subdivided according to the above procedure. In conclusion, 826 new equipment and material classes were added to Level 4 by expanding Level 3 of the AS-IS classification in Fig. 2. This is close to the half of the 1700 equipment and materials-related classes of ISO 15926-4. The expanded classification in the study was converted to the form of reference data of ISO 15926 in a spreadsheet format and was established as the Korean Standard (KS) as of December 2016 (Title: Equipment Reference Data Library for Nuclear Power Plant) (Reference, 2016). It was thoroughly reviewed by the experts from KHNP and will be used in the future in the

information management system of the nuclear power plant to exchange equipment and materials specification data based on ISO 15926 standard. The expanded classification is valid for all types of mechanical, electrical, instrumentation, and control equipment and materials of a nuclear power plant of KHNP. The construction of the equipment and materials classification in the form of user-defined reference data of ISO 15926 is described in the next section. 3.3. Construction of user-defined reference data for equipment and materials This section describes the construction of the expanded equipment and materials classifications in the form of user-defined reference data of ISO 15926. As discussed, the mapping with ISO 15926-4 was performed to expand the equipment and materials classification. During the mapping, the one-to-one mapping classes

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inherit the exact information provided in ISO 15926-4. With respect to all other classes, all the information to construct the reference data are newly added. 3.3.1. Types of ISO 15926 reference data Reference data in the ISO 15926 standard consists of classes, properties, objects, and relationships. Classes, properties, and objects are defined by expanding ISO 15926 part 4, and relationships are defined by expanding ISO 15926 part 7 to define userdefined reference data. In the study, user-defined templates are defined based on the four types of templates defined in ISO 15926 part 7 to represent the equipment and materials classification and the relationship between equipment/material and properties as shown in Fig. 9. The ClassifiedIdentificationOfIndividual template is used to represent the identifiers of the equipment or material. The ClassifiedDescriptionOfIndividual template is used to describe the definition of an equipment or a material. The IndividualHasIndirectPropertyWithValue template is used to represent the properties of an equipment or a material with a single value in conjunction with its units. The ClassificationOfIndividual template is used to describe classification information of equipment or material. An example of a template expansion is shown in Fig. 9. The DesignTemperature that corresponds to an expanded template that describes the design temperature property of the equipment or material is inherited from IndividualHasIndirectPropertyWithValue, which corresponds to a template provided in ISO 15926 part 7. 3.3.2. Definition of user-defined reference data User-defined reference data is created as a spreadsheet or RDF data file. In the study, the Excel file is used as a spreadsheet format, and the Turtle file is used as a RDF data file format. The user-defined reference data in Turtle file is shown at the bottom part of Fig. 10. First, it is necessary to define ID, label, description, and entity type to generate user-defined class or property data. Classification and inheritance relationships are defined

further if necessary. In order to create a user-defined template, it is necessary to define the ID, label, role, and number of roles. User-defined templates are defined as child classes of SpecializedTemplateStatement. Additional inheritance relationships are defined if necessary. A user-defined role is defined based on the target (object or value) pointed by the role. However, as depicted in Fig. 10, it is necessary to define ID, label, reference data ID, template ID using the role, and role index for both types of roles. As an example of a reference data definition, the template ActionRequired is defined by inheriting a template with ID R63638239485 and involves two roles including hasIndividual. The hasIndividual role can possess PossibleIndividual reference data or its subtype data. An Excel file like Table 2 is provided to help users who are not familiar with the RDF data format to generate new reference data. The Excel file used to generate the user-defined reference data consists of the following five sheets: Class, Class Specialization, Classification, Specialized Individual Template, and Base Template. The Class sheet defines the IDs of classes, properties, objects, and templates. The Class Specialization sheet describes the inheritance of classes, properties, and objects. The Classification sheet describes the classification of classes, properties, and objects. The Base Template sheet declares the template provided by ISO 15926 part 7 by default. The Specialized Individual Template sheet defines expanded templates from the Base Template sheet. In order to create a user-defined class, property, or object, it is necessary to provide the required information in the Class, Class Specialization, and Classification sheets. In order to create a user-defined template, it is necessary to fill in the required information in the Base Template, the Specialized Individual Template, and the Class sheet. 4. Exchange of equipment and material data using iRINGTools 4.1. Introduction of iRINGTools As shown in Fig. 11, iRINGTools consists of an Adapter Manager and an Exchange Manager and provides reference data for searching and editing, model mapping, and data exchange functions. The

Fig. 9. Definition of DesignPressure by expanding an ISO 15926 part 7 template.

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Fig. 10. Definition of user-defined reference data.

adapter manager provides functions to edit and search for reference data and to map native plant data model with the ISO 15926 standard. Additionally, a user-defined reference data uploader (QMXF Generator) and a reference data server are utilized in model mapping by using the adapter manager. After entering all the user-defined reference data in the Excel file, QMXF Generator automatically converts this data to Turtle format. In order to exchange plant data by using Exchange Manager, mapping the data models in the sending and receiving systems with that of the ISO

15926 standard should be preceded by the adapter manager in advance. The reference data provided by iRINGTools includes initial classes, properties, objects data (part 4), initial template set (part 7), and reference data provided by POSC Caesar (PCA JORD RDL). The study uses the user-defined reference data (KHNP RDL) that is additionally defined for KHNP. The user-defined reference data is created as a spreadsheet or RDF data file and then uploaded to the reference data server.

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Table 2 Excel data format for the definition of a user-defined reference data. Template ID

Template Name

Parent Template

Role1 ID

Role1 Name

Role1 Type

R79974424162

ActualFabricatorShipDate

ClassifiedEventTime

RD73DF4348B954B6C8BBB50BFC2552EF0

hasObject

Possible Individual

R57047068378

ActualGasVolumeFlowRate

DirectPropertyScaleReal

R7FFCECE4EA0A44218CDB6BF3074BF6C1

hasType

R81832598539 R15389308615

ActualLength ActualLiquidVolumeFlowRate

DirectPropertyScaleReal DirectPropertyScaleReal

R97EF836DBD764DADB28E5F053E6E9F61 RED13E6DE0A7C46558AC1E41CD63C6204

hasType hasType

Role1 Value

ACTUAL GAS VOLUME FLOW RATE ACTUAL LENGTH ACTUAL LIQUID VOLUME FLOW RATE

Fig. 11. Functions with respect to the exchange of iRINGTools.

With respect to the plant data exchange, it is necessary to map the data model between the sending system, which is the purchase order specification (POSpec.) data from engineering company, and the ISO 15926 and between the receiving system, which is the master data from KHNP, and the ISO 15926. When the model mapping is completed, the unique data of the sending system is uploaded to the façade of iRINGTools through synchronization. The unique data of the receiving system is also synchronized with the façade of iRINGTools. Furthermore, iRINGTools provides interfaces with the external data storage such as Excel and relational databases. Subsequently, the Exchange Manager exchanges data from the façade of the sending system to the façade of the receiving system.

When the data exchange between the façades is completed, the plant data stored in the façade of the receiving system is synchronized with the unique data store (Excel or relational database) of the receiving system. 4.2. Construction of a data server for user-defined reference data The user-defined reference data server provides the function of storing reference data in RDF format and of querying data using SPARQL (xxxx). In the study, Apache Fuseki is used as a reference data server. The method of uploading the user-defined reference data to the Fuseki server depends on the format of the input reference data. If

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the user-defined reference data is created as an Excel file, then the QMXF Generator provided by iRINGTools uploads the reference data to the Fuseki server. When the user-defined reference data is prepared as an RDF file, then the reference data is uploaded by using the uploading function provided by the Fuseki server. Additionally, SPARQL is a semantic query language and a key technology to implement the semantic web that is used to search and manipulate RDF format data stored in a relational database or a file. The query method is similar to structured query language (SQL) that corresponds to a query language for relational databases. Hence, iRINGTools basically provides search functions for ISO 15926 part 4 initial reference data, ISO 15926 part 7 initial template set, and POSC Caesar reference data. In order to use the user-defined reference data in model mapping process in iRINGTools, users should set information about external servers to provide user-defined reference data in iRINGTools. With respect to mapping the commercial plant data model to the ISO 15926 by using the adapter manager in iRINGTools, it is necessary for users to search the external reference data by using the Reference Data Service as shown in Fig. 11. The process of retrieving the external reference data from the Reference Data Service consists of steps including identifying the information about the reference data server, constructing the reference data query, and sending the reference data query. In the adapter manager of iRINGTools, the Reference Data Service selects the target server to initially perform a search when a user enters a keyword to search for. This is followed by generating a SPARQL query that is used for the search based on the search condition entered by the user. Every query should be written based on each object type because RDF data structures differ across each class, property, template, and role. When a query is created, the Reference Data Service retrieves the reference data stored in the target server by using the query and returns the result to the adapter manager. Finally, a user utilizes the search result to perform model mapping in the adapter manager.

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4.3. Data exchange experiment using test cases 4.3.1. Experiment environment Specifically, iRINGTools version 2.8.2 was used for exchange of plant equipment and materials data. The source code of the latest iRINGTools can be found in (iRINGTools, xxxx). The adapter manager for iRINGTools was executed on the environment of Microsoft internet information service (IIS) 7.5, .NET Framework 4, and Oracle ODP.NET x64 under Windows 7 Professional OS. Although the adapter manager and the exchange manager are typically installed on different servers, in this study, they were all installed on a single server for the convenience of the experiment. The user-defined reference data server (Fuseki) was executed in conjunction with Apache Tomcat 7 on Windows 7 Professional OS. In the experiment, the equipment specification data provided by KHNP was used; the data is from the same KHNP’s nuclear power plant described in the previous section. The target equipment includes two types of valves used in nuclear power plants. Each valve possesses properties including valve type, size, pressure, temperature, material, and connection type. 4.3.2. Construction of reference data for test cases User-defined reference data was constructed to represent the equipment specification data provided by KHNP. The data includes 1050 user-defined classes, properties, and objects that are inherited from 31 ISO 15926 part 4 classes, properties, and objects. Furthermore, 720 user-defined templates were defined by inheriting 35 ISO 15926 part 7 templates, and 50 inheritance relationships for classes, properties, and objects. The user-defined reference data is shown in Fig. 12, and it is subsequently uploaded to the server by using a QMXF Generator that corresponds to a data uploader provided by iRINGTools. Additionally, in order to verify the generation of reference data in Turtle type, the equipment specification data written in the Excel file is manually converted into a Turtle file. The converted Turtle file is then stored in the server using the RDF data upload function of the reference data server. Finally, it is confirmed

Fig. 12. User-defined reference data constructed for the experiment.

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through manual comparison that the reference data stored in the server from the Excel file and from the Turtle file are identical. 4.3.3. Data exchange of specifications data for test cases In the experiment, it is assumed that the equipment specification data in the system A of engineering company (POSpec.) is exchanged with the data in the system B of KHNP (PLIMS) using iRINGTools. Each system is assumed to store the specification data in a relational database. In order to perform this, relational databases are constructed for both systems and the initial data was input as shown in Fig. 13. In system A, three equipment data (da1, da2, and da3) were input. In the system B, two equipment data (db1, db2) were input. Furthermore, da1 and db1 are the same data, and da2 and db2 possess the same tag number albeit different property values, and da3 only exists in the system A. The creation of the databases for systems A and B is followed by using the iRINGTools adapter manager to map the data models of systems A and B to the ISO 15926. The model

mapping results are shown in Fig. 13. The user-defined reference data is used in the model mapping process. For example, IdentificationByTag and DisciplineDescription templates correspond to user-defined reference data. In the figure, G (graph) shows the model mapping result, T (template) depicts the template used in the model mapping, and R (role) indicates the role of the template. After completing the model mapping, the iRINGTools exchange manager is used to exchange data between the façade of System A and the façade of System B. The exchange results are shown in Fig. 13. As a result of the exchange, da1 is not exchanged because it is identical in both systems, the property values of da2 are updated, and da3 is newly added. When the data exchange between the façades of systems A and B is completed, the data stored in the façade of the system B and the data stored in the unique database of system B are synchronized. As shown in Fig. 14, the valve data (db2) in System B is changed after the exchange.

Fig. 13. Exchange of specifications data for sample valves using iRINGTools.

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Fig. 14. Exchange result of specifications data for sample valves in PLIMS.

The experimental result indicates that the user-defined reference data server constructed based on the proposed method is used for model mapping on iRINGTools. Additionally, the results verified that iRINGTools is used to effectively update or add equipment specification data between two systems based on a user’s intentions.

Technology Development Program (Project IDs: 20000725 & 10080662) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, and by the Civil-Military Program (Project ID: CMP-16-01-KIST) funded by National Research Council of Science and Technology of the Korean government. The authors gratefully acknowledge these supports.

5. Conclusion

References

The study proposed a method for effectively exchanging equipment and materials specification data of a nuclear power plant with a data model of the ISO 15926 and related support tool iRINGTools. The equipment and materials classification provided by KHNP was expanded based on the improvement direction obtained through the analysis of the AS-IS classification. The expanded classification was converted to user-defined reference data in the ISO 15926 format. In order to search and utilize the converted userdefined reference data, a method involving the construction of an ISO 15926-based user-defined reference data server was presented. Finally, a method was proposed to exchange data of nuclear power plant equipment and materials by using iRINGTools, which corresponds to a data exchange tool supporting ISO 15926 by data loading, reference data searching, model mapping, and data conversion process. The proposed data exchange method was verified by exchanging the equipment specification data of two types of valves supplied from KHNP. The expanded (TO-BE) classification is more detailed than the current (AS-IS) classification, which is also used as basic data for advanced maintenance such as CBM. The expanded classification is also compatible with the ISO 15926, which reduces the number of tools required for data exchange, makes it possible to use various open tools such as iRINGTools, and thus facilitates the sharing of plant lifecycle data.

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