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Steel cord for reinforcing rubber
fibres devoid of liquid binders and distinctly different fibre layers for cosmetic applications. A similar sheet material contains 10-60 weight % discrete reinforcing fibres blended with thermoplastic resin fibres for automotive applications. In both cases the matrix material is supplied by the melted thermoplastic fibres. Composite magnetic forming methods
compacts
and
their
Okomoto, K., Sato, T., Yamakawa, T. and Horiishi, N. (Agency of Industrial Science and Technoloev. Tokvo. Jaoan) US Pat 4 952 331(28August1990). * ’ A composite magnetic compact is formed from a powder mixture of superplastic Zn-22AI and l-50 weight % ferromagnetic material.
MA TERIALS Glass fibre reinforced flameproofed tbermoplastic moulding compositions based on poly esters and graft polymers
Lausberg,b., ittemann, P., McKee, G.E., Schlichting, K., Knoll, M. and Seiler, E. (BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, FRG) US Pat 4 940 745 (10 July 1990) The composition comprises 45-90 weight % of a mixture containinz 50-80 weight % of a polyester, 10-25 weigh; % of a graTt polymer and 10-25 weight % of a copolymer; 4-30 weight % of a flameproofing agent; O-15 weight % of a synergistic compound of a fifth main group metal; 0.01-3 weight % of a fluorine-containing ethylene copolymer; O-20 weight % of a carboxyl, carboxyl derivative, hydroxyl- or epoxy-containing polymer; and 550 weight % of glass fibres. Glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic moulding compositions polymers
based on polyesters
and graft
La&berg, D., Seydl, W., Knoll, M., Seiler, E.. Gutsche. H. and Kolm. P. (BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, FRG) US Pat 4 940 746 (10 July 1990)
The composition comprises 45-90 weight % of a mixture containing 50-80 weight % of a polyester, 10-25 weight % of a graft polymer and 10-25 weight % of a copolymer; together with 5-50 weight % of glass fibres. Processing additives for blended cements
Gartner, E.M., Myers, D.F. and Gaidis, J.M. (W.R. Grace & Co-Conn. New York. NY, USA) US Pat 4 943 323 (24 hy 1990) A strength-enhanced, blended cement comprises a mixture of at least 4% C,AF, gypsum, 5-60 weight % filler or clinker substitute together with triisopropanolamine which enhances the 7 and 28 day strengths of the cement. Improved preimpregnated material comprising a particulate tbermosetting resin suitable for use in the formation of a substantially void-free tlbre-reinforced composite article
Dyksterhouse, R., Dyksterhouse, J.A., Handermann, A.C. and Western, E.D. (BASF Aktiengesellschaft, FRG) US Pat 4 943 472 (24 July 1990)
The material comprises a dispersion of an effective amount of a polymeric watersoluble binding agent, an aqueous medium and solid particles of a thermosetting resin
284
COMPOSITES.
dispersed between a plurality of parallel reinforcing filaments. It is drapable and tacky under ambient conditions, handleable without segregation of the particles in the fibrous material and on the application of heat and pressure it forms a substantially void-free composite article of predetermined configuration with a cured thermosetting resin matrix phase.
JULY 1992
Reinforced polymer compositions excellent distinctness of image
having
Martinez, E.C. (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA) US Pat 4 943 603 (24 July 1990)
A polyurethane or polyurea matrix contains a dispersion of 5-50 weight % of a reinforcing filler and l-20 weight % of a supplementary filler. The reinforcing filler comprises particles with an aspect ratio of at least 4 and an average particle length of at least 20 urn (40 urn if the filler is wollastonite). The supplementary filler is either wollastonite with an aspect ratio of 7 or less and a particle length of 35 urn or less, or an inorganic compound other than wollastonite with an average aspect ratio of 4 or less and a median particle size of 10 urn or less. Fibre-reinforced
unsaturated
polyester
Tanisake, H., Okumura, H., Namikawa, A., Ishikawa, H. and Abe, T. (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 943 607 (24 July 1990)
A fibre-reinforced unsaturated polyester resin comprises an unsaturated polyester, a alcohol, a polyhydric polyisocyanate compound, a polymerizable vinyl monomer and 50-70 weight % (based on the total weight of the other components) of a reinforcing fibre. Cast composite material having a matrix containing a stable oxide-forming element
Bruski, R.S., Hudson, L.G. and Skibo, M.D. (Dural Aluminium Composites Corp, San Diego, CA, USA) US Pat 4 943 940 (24 July 1990)
A matrix of an aluminium alloy that contains 15-130 parts per million by weight of an oxide-forming element that forms an oxide more stable than magnesium oxide has a reinforcement material distributed within it. Plaster of Paris (stucco) as mixing aid for aqueous bituminous aggregate slurries
Schilling, P. (Westvaco Corporation, New York, NY, USA) US Pat 4 944 804 (31 July 1990) The slurry
comprises aggregate, 15-25% based on the weight of the aggregate of a bituminous emulsion and O.l-2% based on the weight of the aggregate of calcium sulphate hemihydrate. The emulsion consists of water, 30-80 weight % bitumen and 0.2-10 weight % cationic and anionic emulsifiers. The calcium sulphate hemihydrate results in improved adhesion of the bitumen to the aggregate after the evaporation of the water. Carbonaceous fibre or fibre assembly inorganic coating
with
McCullough, F.P., Snelgrove, R.V., Brewster, S.L. and Higgins, G.C. (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA) US Pat 4 944 999 (31 July 1990)
Non-linear carbonaceous fibres are described which have a reversible deflection ratio greater than 1.2:1, an aspect ratio greater
than 10: 1 and an LO1 value greater than 40, with a metallic surface coating so that they are oxygen or thermally stable. Composite ceramic material silicon carbide whiskers
reinforced
with
Okuno, A. and Watanabe, M. (NGK Spark Plug Co, Ltd, Aichi, Japan) US Pat 4 946 807 (7 August 1990)
A sialon ceramic matrix contains 5-45 weight % Sic whiskers and 3-20 weight % of oxides and oxynitrides of zirconium, calculated on the zirconium present at the interfaces between the whiskers and the sialon matrix. The sialon comprises a p-sialon with a general formula of Si,,AI,O,N,,(O
Rubber Company, Akron, OH, USA) US Pat 4 947636 (14 August 1990)
A metal cord for the reinforcement of elastomers comprises a centre and peripheral wire strands, each of which is made up of multiple individual filaments in a hexagonally close-packed array. The filaments are arranged in concentric arrays and all lie in the same orientation. The peripheral and centre strands all have the same lay direction. Steel cord for reinforcing rubber
Nagamine, A., Okamoto, K. and Nakata, H. (Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd, Osaka, Japan) US Pat 4 947638 (14 August 1990) A steel cord comprises a plurality of strands twisted together. Each strand comprises four element wires twisted in the same direction as the strands. The cord has an elongation coefficient (given by the Young’s modulus multiplied by the transverse sectional area of the cord) of 611 after it has been covered in rubber by vulcanizing. Titanium carbo-nitride and chromium carbide-based ceramics containing metals
Watanabe, T., Doutsu, T., Yagashita, O., Yamamoto, H. and Kai, Y. (Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 948 425 (14 August 1990) A titanium carbo-nitride and chromium which contains carbide-based ceramic, metals, is prepared by sintering a powder mixture containing 0.05-40 weight % of one or more of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, MO, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Si and a basic component containing titanium carbo-nitride with different ratios of carbon and nitrogen and l-30 weight % of chromium carbide. Cermet material, cermet body and method manufacture Darracq, D. and Durez, J.-J. (Moltech Invent SA, Luxembourg) US Pat 4 948 676 (14 August 1990)
A composite material comprises mixed oxides of cerium and at least one of aluminium, nickel, iron and copper as a skeleton of interconnected ceramic oxide grains, interwoven with a metallic network of an alloy or intermetallic compound of cerium with at least one of aluminium, nickel, iron or copper.
compacts
and
their
Okomoto, K., Sato, T., Yamakawa, T. and Horiishi, N. (Agency of Industrial Science and Technoloev. Tokvo. Jaoan) US Pat 4 952 331(28August1990). * ’ A composite magnetic compact is formed from a powder mixture of superplastic Zn-22AI and l-50 weight % ferromagnetic material.
MA TERIALS Glass fibre reinforced flameproofed tbermoplastic moulding compositions based on poly esters and graft polymers
Lausberg,b., ittemann, P., McKee, G.E., Schlichting, K., Knoll, M. and Seiler, E. (BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, FRG) US Pat 4 940 745 (10 July 1990) The composition comprises 45-90 weight % of a mixture containinz 50-80 weight % of a polyester, 10-25 weigh; % of a graTt polymer and 10-25 weight % of a copolymer; 4-30 weight % of a flameproofing agent; O-15 weight % of a synergistic compound of a fifth main group metal; 0.01-3 weight % of a fluorine-containing ethylene copolymer; O-20 weight % of a carboxyl, carboxyl derivative, hydroxyl- or epoxy-containing polymer; and 550 weight % of glass fibres. Glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic moulding compositions polymers
based on polyesters
and graft
La&berg, D., Seydl, W., Knoll, M., Seiler, E.. Gutsche. H. and Kolm. P. (BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, FRG) US Pat 4 940 746 (10 July 1990)
The composition comprises 45-90 weight % of a mixture containing 50-80 weight % of a polyester, 10-25 weight % of a graft polymer and 10-25 weight % of a copolymer; together with 5-50 weight % of glass fibres. Processing additives for blended cements
Gartner, E.M., Myers, D.F. and Gaidis, J.M. (W.R. Grace & Co-Conn. New York. NY, USA) US Pat 4 943 323 (24 hy 1990) A strength-enhanced, blended cement comprises a mixture of at least 4% C,AF, gypsum, 5-60 weight % filler or clinker substitute together with triisopropanolamine which enhances the 7 and 28 day strengths of the cement. Improved preimpregnated material comprising a particulate tbermosetting resin suitable for use in the formation of a substantially void-free tlbre-reinforced composite article
Dyksterhouse, R., Dyksterhouse, J.A., Handermann, A.C. and Western, E.D. (BASF Aktiengesellschaft, FRG) US Pat 4 943 472 (24 July 1990)
The material comprises a dispersion of an effective amount of a polymeric watersoluble binding agent, an aqueous medium and solid particles of a thermosetting resin
284
COMPOSITES.
dispersed between a plurality of parallel reinforcing filaments. It is drapable and tacky under ambient conditions, handleable without segregation of the particles in the fibrous material and on the application of heat and pressure it forms a substantially void-free composite article of predetermined configuration with a cured thermosetting resin matrix phase.
JULY 1992
Reinforced polymer compositions excellent distinctness of image
having
Martinez, E.C. (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA) US Pat 4 943 603 (24 July 1990)
A polyurethane or polyurea matrix contains a dispersion of 5-50 weight % of a reinforcing filler and l-20 weight % of a supplementary filler. The reinforcing filler comprises particles with an aspect ratio of at least 4 and an average particle length of at least 20 urn (40 urn if the filler is wollastonite). The supplementary filler is either wollastonite with an aspect ratio of 7 or less and a particle length of 35 urn or less, or an inorganic compound other than wollastonite with an average aspect ratio of 4 or less and a median particle size of 10 urn or less. Fibre-reinforced
unsaturated
polyester
Tanisake, H., Okumura, H., Namikawa, A., Ishikawa, H. and Abe, T. (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 943 607 (24 July 1990)
A fibre-reinforced unsaturated polyester resin comprises an unsaturated polyester, a alcohol, a polyhydric polyisocyanate compound, a polymerizable vinyl monomer and 50-70 weight % (based on the total weight of the other components) of a reinforcing fibre. Cast composite material having a matrix containing a stable oxide-forming element
Bruski, R.S., Hudson, L.G. and Skibo, M.D. (Dural Aluminium Composites Corp, San Diego, CA, USA) US Pat 4 943 940 (24 July 1990)
A matrix of an aluminium alloy that contains 15-130 parts per million by weight of an oxide-forming element that forms an oxide more stable than magnesium oxide has a reinforcement material distributed within it. Plaster of Paris (stucco) as mixing aid for aqueous bituminous aggregate slurries
Schilling, P. (Westvaco Corporation, New York, NY, USA) US Pat 4 944 804 (31 July 1990) The slurry
comprises aggregate, 15-25% based on the weight of the aggregate of a bituminous emulsion and O.l-2% based on the weight of the aggregate of calcium sulphate hemihydrate. The emulsion consists of water, 30-80 weight % bitumen and 0.2-10 weight % cationic and anionic emulsifiers. The calcium sulphate hemihydrate results in improved adhesion of the bitumen to the aggregate after the evaporation of the water. Carbonaceous fibre or fibre assembly inorganic coating
with
McCullough, F.P., Snelgrove, R.V., Brewster, S.L. and Higgins, G.C. (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA) US Pat 4 944 999 (31 July 1990)
Non-linear carbonaceous fibres are described which have a reversible deflection ratio greater than 1.2:1, an aspect ratio greater
than 10: 1 and an LO1 value greater than 40, with a metallic surface coating so that they are oxygen or thermally stable. Composite ceramic material silicon carbide whiskers
reinforced
with
Okuno, A. and Watanabe, M. (NGK Spark Plug Co, Ltd, Aichi, Japan) US Pat 4 946 807 (7 August 1990)
A sialon ceramic matrix contains 5-45 weight % Sic whiskers and 3-20 weight % of oxides and oxynitrides of zirconium, calculated on the zirconium present at the interfaces between the whiskers and the sialon matrix. The sialon comprises a p-sialon with a general formula of Si,,AI,O,N,,(O
Rubber Company, Akron, OH, USA) US Pat 4 947636 (14 August 1990)
A metal cord for the reinforcement of elastomers comprises a centre and peripheral wire strands, each of which is made up of multiple individual filaments in a hexagonally close-packed array. The filaments are arranged in concentric arrays and all lie in the same orientation. The peripheral and centre strands all have the same lay direction. Steel cord for reinforcing rubber
Nagamine, A., Okamoto, K. and Nakata, H. (Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd, Osaka, Japan) US Pat 4 947638 (14 August 1990) A steel cord comprises a plurality of strands twisted together. Each strand comprises four element wires twisted in the same direction as the strands. The cord has an elongation coefficient (given by the Young’s modulus multiplied by the transverse sectional area of the cord) of 611 after it has been covered in rubber by vulcanizing. Titanium carbo-nitride and chromium carbide-based ceramics containing metals
Watanabe, T., Doutsu, T., Yagashita, O., Yamamoto, H. and Kai, Y. (Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 948 425 (14 August 1990) A titanium carbo-nitride and chromium which contains carbide-based ceramic, metals, is prepared by sintering a powder mixture containing 0.05-40 weight % of one or more of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, MO, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Si and a basic component containing titanium carbo-nitride with different ratios of carbon and nitrogen and l-30 weight % of chromium carbide. Cermet material, cermet body and method manufacture Darracq, D. and Durez, J.-J. (Moltech Invent SA, Luxembourg) US Pat 4 948 676 (14 August 1990)
A composite material comprises mixed oxides of cerium and at least one of aluminium, nickel, iron and copper as a skeleton of interconnected ceramic oxide grains, interwoven with a metallic network of an alloy or intermetallic compound of cerium with at least one of aluminium, nickel, iron or copper.