- Email: [email protected]
Steel fibre concrete
Book reviews
Book reviews Repair, Protection and Waterproofing of Concrete Structures by Philip H. Perkins Published by Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd., Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IGll 8JU, England, 1986. ISBN 1 85166 008 9, Price: £35.00, XlV + 302pp. This is the revised edition of the book published by the author in 1976. It can be said at once that this is a remarkably informative and extremely useful book, extensive in its coverage and very up to date and practical. There is almost everything that an engineer involved in concrete repair needs to know, and it is derived from wide ranging experience of the author. What is very satisfying is that the contents of the book are comprehensive and contain current information, and that all aspects of concrete repair, protection and waterproofing are covered in sufficient detail. It is an excellent publication, and every design and construction engineer should read it. There are altogether ten chapters in the book. The first three chapters set the scene. The properties of materials used in the repair of all types of concrete structures are discussed in chapter 1, and this includes bonding aids, organic polymers and plastics. Chapter 2 deals with the various factors controlling deterioration of concrete. Chemical and physical attack of concrete is considered in detail; the problems of alkali silica reaction are summarised and the corrosion of metals in concrete discussed adequately. Investigation and diagnosis of defects form the contents of chapter 3. The following seven chapters describe in detail various types of repairs: non-structural repairs, structural repairs, repair of concrete floors and roofs, repair of external wall tiling and mosaics, are all dealt with thoroughly. Three chapters are devoted to repair of concrete bridges, water-retaining and water-excluding structures and marine structures. All these chapters contain a great deal of current information: cathodic protection of reinforcement, use of resins for remedial work and strengthening of bridge beams through epoxy bonded steel plates, all techniques which are not only used now but which also have considerable future potential. Each chapter has an extensive bibliography. An appendix discusses testing of concrete and mortar in existing structures. There is also a useful index. The unique value of the book is the logical presentation of the whole spectrum of investigation, diagnosis, repair and protection. This is a book that would be consulted by all engineers for many years to come.
Concrete Framed Structures--Stability and Strength Edited by R. Narayanan Published by Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd.,
Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IGll 8JU, England, 1986 ISBN 1 85166 014 3, Price £38.00, X + 283pp. This is the sixth volume in the series of stability and strength of structures published under the guidance of the editor of this book. This volume, like the previous ones, amply fulfills the expectations of the reader, and presents a high quality state-of-the-art review of concrete framed structures, that has been expertly put and collated together to produce what can only be described as another outstanding contribution to structural engineering which no engineer, researcher and designer can afford to be without. There are nine well balanced and up-to-date chapters in the book, all written by experts whose knowledge and expertise are well known through their research. Chapter one discusses present and future methods of design of reinforced concrete columns, and this is extended to include elastic stability of planar and three-dimensional structures. The stability of slender compression members is dealt with in the second chapter and brief reference is also made to problems of biaxial bending and stability of slender walls, both of which require further research for complete solution. Concrete is essentially an inelastic material, and this effect is more pronounced near ultimate loads. Chapter 3 is therefore quite rightly devoted to methods of nonlinear analysis and formulations for optimal design of beams, columns and frames. To put these methods to wider use, further research is again required, and these are stressed in the chapter. The analysis and design of reinforced concrete columns subjected to biaxial bending is described in the next chapter. Both accurate and approximate methods are described, and short and slender columns are considered. Three chapters are devoted to unusual members or members subjected to unusual stresses. Members subjected to torsion, deep beams and column-supported shear walls fall into this category. The analysis and design of these members are all comprehensively described with reference to appropriate Codes. Flat slabs are more common, and the behaviour of flat slabs with special reference to the flexibility of slab-column connections and punching shear resistance are reported in another chapter. Progressive collapse of slab structures is often a real possibility in practice, and this topic is discussed in the last chapter. Recent developments in design to provide structural integrity in two-way slab structures are emphasised. It will readily be seen that this book is unusual in many ways. Its theme is the core of reinforced concrete design, and it is not only up-to-date and authoritative but it also emphasises the need for further research both in terms of analysis and design methods. Extensive in its coverage, this volume would be invaluable to all structural engineers involved in design, construction and research. Steel Fibre Concrete Edited by S. P. Shah and/~. Skarendahl Published by Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, Crown
249
Book reviews
House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IG11 8JU, England, 1986. ISBN 1 85166 043 7, Price: £50.00 + P&P, 526pp. This volume contains all the papers presented at the US-Sweden Joint Seminar held in Stockholm in June 1985. Twenty-five papers are included in the proceedings, all of which, apart from one from Canada and one from the UK, were contributed from the United States or Sweden, reflecting the knowledge and experience developed in these two countries where steel fibre concrete has gained wide acceptance. The twenty-five papers are grouped into eight themes starting with shotcrete applications. A state-ofthe-art report sets the scene, and this is followed by three papers which describe new developments, particularly from Sweden, in equipment and machinery, for both wet and dry spraying. Nozzles have been developed for both methods with remarkably low rebounds, and a wide range of applications such as rock supports, tunnel linings and heavy duty floorings are reported. Two excellent reviews on bridge decks, pavements and slabs emphasise the major applications of steel fibre concrete in the transportation industry. Six papers devoted to precast applications describe the experience gained from manufacturing of precast products, and the development and use of new production techniques. A particularly attractive shotcrete technique used for in-situ and precast applications, and developed in Sweden, utilises the concept of cutting continuous wires into fibres in the spray nozzle. A wide range of precast products using steel fibre concrete is reported, including the use of 500 mm long fibres in the production of overhead transmission poles. Fibres up to 20% by volume have been incorporated by a matrix infiltration process, producing strong and tough structural composites for specialist applications. Modelling and fracture toughness are evaluated in five papers, tt is now possible to define, theoretically and experimentally, the fracture properties of fibre cement composites, and the influence of numerous parameters has been identified. The concept of fracture toughness still remains an academic approach, and much needs to be done to bridge the gap between our understanding of its significance and its practical use. Eight papers report developments in structural applications, durability, performance criteria and quality assurance. Papers on all these topics show the future potential of this excitingly tough construction material. The unique value of this volume is that the papers summarise clearly and positively the wide ranging expertise and experience gained in research, development and practical applications of steel fibre concrete over the last two decades. It should be a valuable source of information to researchers, designers and practitioners alike.
Adhesion Between Polymers and Concrete Edited by H. R. Sasse Published by Chapman and Hall Ltd., 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE, England, 1986. ISBN 0 412 29050 2, Price: £60.00, 755pp.
250
The use of polymer concrete in the construction industry is no longer a novelty. During the last twenty years or so, much research has been carried out in the use of polymers and epoxies to modify the properties of fresh or hardened concrete. A different form of application of polymers is for repair of concrete surfaces and concrete structures, for bonding of fresh to old concrete, for protection as coatings and paintings, and finally, for glueing of structural or precast elements. In such applications, the phenomenon of adhesion plays a very important role in either ensuring or not ensuring durability and stability of the system. This publication is probably the first of its kind in putting together the current state of art in the use of polymers as adhesives, repair and bonding agents. The papers included in this volume were presented at an International Symposium held in Aix-en-Provence in September 1986. It is, in effect, the work of FIILEM Technical Committee 52 RAC established in 1981 to prepare a state-of-the-art report on resin adherence to concrete, and develop test methods for field or laboratory purposes. Unfortunately both these reports are not included in this volume, but are to form a separate publication in due course. There are nearly seventy papers included in this conference proceedings. The papers have been divided into ten themes ranging from the science and phenomenon of adhesion to properties of substrates and bonding materials, bonding of new to old concrete, repair technique and glueing of precast elements or of steel to concrete. The volume, taken as a whole, presents comprehensive data and information on the complete spectrum of adhesion, bonding and repair. With concrete-polymer systems, knowledge about surface properties, and the mechanisms leading to damage of organic coatings on concrete substrates is still very sparse. The results presented in this volume show that large pressures can exist at the concretecoating interface leading to blisters, cracking and delamination. Properties of bonding materials are important, and aggresive chemicals can cause significant debonding of epoxy resins to quartz aggregates. A clear understanding of both the interface and bonding materials is thus essential to ensure the stability of the composite system. Several papers are devoted to coatings and paintings, and repair of concrete surfaces. Adhesion plays an important role in both types of applicatLons, but water and moisture in the concrete substrate greatly influence the adhesion properties. Nevertheless, polymeric finishes appear to retard carbonation and suppress steel corrosion at least under normal environmental conditions. Resin mortars and polymer modified mortars appear to be the most widely used repair materials, and several papers discuss their various properties, and particularly their bonding strength. Bonding of fresh to old concrete and crack repair by resin injection both form major themes in more than a dozen papers. Bond behaviour under sustained load conditions is important, for tong term stability, and this also applies to cracked beams repaired by resin injection.
Book reviews Repair, Protection and Waterproofing of Concrete Structures by Philip H. Perkins Published by Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd., Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IGll 8JU, England, 1986. ISBN 1 85166 008 9, Price: £35.00, XlV + 302pp. This is the revised edition of the book published by the author in 1976. It can be said at once that this is a remarkably informative and extremely useful book, extensive in its coverage and very up to date and practical. There is almost everything that an engineer involved in concrete repair needs to know, and it is derived from wide ranging experience of the author. What is very satisfying is that the contents of the book are comprehensive and contain current information, and that all aspects of concrete repair, protection and waterproofing are covered in sufficient detail. It is an excellent publication, and every design and construction engineer should read it. There are altogether ten chapters in the book. The first three chapters set the scene. The properties of materials used in the repair of all types of concrete structures are discussed in chapter 1, and this includes bonding aids, organic polymers and plastics. Chapter 2 deals with the various factors controlling deterioration of concrete. Chemical and physical attack of concrete is considered in detail; the problems of alkali silica reaction are summarised and the corrosion of metals in concrete discussed adequately. Investigation and diagnosis of defects form the contents of chapter 3. The following seven chapters describe in detail various types of repairs: non-structural repairs, structural repairs, repair of concrete floors and roofs, repair of external wall tiling and mosaics, are all dealt with thoroughly. Three chapters are devoted to repair of concrete bridges, water-retaining and water-excluding structures and marine structures. All these chapters contain a great deal of current information: cathodic protection of reinforcement, use of resins for remedial work and strengthening of bridge beams through epoxy bonded steel plates, all techniques which are not only used now but which also have considerable future potential. Each chapter has an extensive bibliography. An appendix discusses testing of concrete and mortar in existing structures. There is also a useful index. The unique value of the book is the logical presentation of the whole spectrum of investigation, diagnosis, repair and protection. This is a book that would be consulted by all engineers for many years to come.
Concrete Framed Structures--Stability and Strength Edited by R. Narayanan Published by Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd.,
Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IGll 8JU, England, 1986 ISBN 1 85166 014 3, Price £38.00, X + 283pp. This is the sixth volume in the series of stability and strength of structures published under the guidance of the editor of this book. This volume, like the previous ones, amply fulfills the expectations of the reader, and presents a high quality state-of-the-art review of concrete framed structures, that has been expertly put and collated together to produce what can only be described as another outstanding contribution to structural engineering which no engineer, researcher and designer can afford to be without. There are nine well balanced and up-to-date chapters in the book, all written by experts whose knowledge and expertise are well known through their research. Chapter one discusses present and future methods of design of reinforced concrete columns, and this is extended to include elastic stability of planar and three-dimensional structures. The stability of slender compression members is dealt with in the second chapter and brief reference is also made to problems of biaxial bending and stability of slender walls, both of which require further research for complete solution. Concrete is essentially an inelastic material, and this effect is more pronounced near ultimate loads. Chapter 3 is therefore quite rightly devoted to methods of nonlinear analysis and formulations for optimal design of beams, columns and frames. To put these methods to wider use, further research is again required, and these are stressed in the chapter. The analysis and design of reinforced concrete columns subjected to biaxial bending is described in the next chapter. Both accurate and approximate methods are described, and short and slender columns are considered. Three chapters are devoted to unusual members or members subjected to unusual stresses. Members subjected to torsion, deep beams and column-supported shear walls fall into this category. The analysis and design of these members are all comprehensively described with reference to appropriate Codes. Flat slabs are more common, and the behaviour of flat slabs with special reference to the flexibility of slab-column connections and punching shear resistance are reported in another chapter. Progressive collapse of slab structures is often a real possibility in practice, and this topic is discussed in the last chapter. Recent developments in design to provide structural integrity in two-way slab structures are emphasised. It will readily be seen that this book is unusual in many ways. Its theme is the core of reinforced concrete design, and it is not only up-to-date and authoritative but it also emphasises the need for further research both in terms of analysis and design methods. Extensive in its coverage, this volume would be invaluable to all structural engineers involved in design, construction and research. Steel Fibre Concrete Edited by S. P. Shah and/~. Skarendahl Published by Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, Crown
249
Book reviews
House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IG11 8JU, England, 1986. ISBN 1 85166 043 7, Price: £50.00 + P&P, 526pp. This volume contains all the papers presented at the US-Sweden Joint Seminar held in Stockholm in June 1985. Twenty-five papers are included in the proceedings, all of which, apart from one from Canada and one from the UK, were contributed from the United States or Sweden, reflecting the knowledge and experience developed in these two countries where steel fibre concrete has gained wide acceptance. The twenty-five papers are grouped into eight themes starting with shotcrete applications. A state-ofthe-art report sets the scene, and this is followed by three papers which describe new developments, particularly from Sweden, in equipment and machinery, for both wet and dry spraying. Nozzles have been developed for both methods with remarkably low rebounds, and a wide range of applications such as rock supports, tunnel linings and heavy duty floorings are reported. Two excellent reviews on bridge decks, pavements and slabs emphasise the major applications of steel fibre concrete in the transportation industry. Six papers devoted to precast applications describe the experience gained from manufacturing of precast products, and the development and use of new production techniques. A particularly attractive shotcrete technique used for in-situ and precast applications, and developed in Sweden, utilises the concept of cutting continuous wires into fibres in the spray nozzle. A wide range of precast products using steel fibre concrete is reported, including the use of 500 mm long fibres in the production of overhead transmission poles. Fibres up to 20% by volume have been incorporated by a matrix infiltration process, producing strong and tough structural composites for specialist applications. Modelling and fracture toughness are evaluated in five papers, tt is now possible to define, theoretically and experimentally, the fracture properties of fibre cement composites, and the influence of numerous parameters has been identified. The concept of fracture toughness still remains an academic approach, and much needs to be done to bridge the gap between our understanding of its significance and its practical use. Eight papers report developments in structural applications, durability, performance criteria and quality assurance. Papers on all these topics show the future potential of this excitingly tough construction material. The unique value of this volume is that the papers summarise clearly and positively the wide ranging expertise and experience gained in research, development and practical applications of steel fibre concrete over the last two decades. It should be a valuable source of information to researchers, designers and practitioners alike.
Adhesion Between Polymers and Concrete Edited by H. R. Sasse Published by Chapman and Hall Ltd., 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE, England, 1986. ISBN 0 412 29050 2, Price: £60.00, 755pp.
250
The use of polymer concrete in the construction industry is no longer a novelty. During the last twenty years or so, much research has been carried out in the use of polymers and epoxies to modify the properties of fresh or hardened concrete. A different form of application of polymers is for repair of concrete surfaces and concrete structures, for bonding of fresh to old concrete, for protection as coatings and paintings, and finally, for glueing of structural or precast elements. In such applications, the phenomenon of adhesion plays a very important role in either ensuring or not ensuring durability and stability of the system. This publication is probably the first of its kind in putting together the current state of art in the use of polymers as adhesives, repair and bonding agents. The papers included in this volume were presented at an International Symposium held in Aix-en-Provence in September 1986. It is, in effect, the work of FIILEM Technical Committee 52 RAC established in 1981 to prepare a state-of-the-art report on resin adherence to concrete, and develop test methods for field or laboratory purposes. Unfortunately both these reports are not included in this volume, but are to form a separate publication in due course. There are nearly seventy papers included in this conference proceedings. The papers have been divided into ten themes ranging from the science and phenomenon of adhesion to properties of substrates and bonding materials, bonding of new to old concrete, repair technique and glueing of precast elements or of steel to concrete. The volume, taken as a whole, presents comprehensive data and information on the complete spectrum of adhesion, bonding and repair. With concrete-polymer systems, knowledge about surface properties, and the mechanisms leading to damage of organic coatings on concrete substrates is still very sparse. The results presented in this volume show that large pressures can exist at the concretecoating interface leading to blisters, cracking and delamination. Properties of bonding materials are important, and aggresive chemicals can cause significant debonding of epoxy resins to quartz aggregates. A clear understanding of both the interface and bonding materials is thus essential to ensure the stability of the composite system. Several papers are devoted to coatings and paintings, and repair of concrete surfaces. Adhesion plays an important role in both types of applicatLons, but water and moisture in the concrete substrate greatly influence the adhesion properties. Nevertheless, polymeric finishes appear to retard carbonation and suppress steel corrosion at least under normal environmental conditions. Resin mortars and polymer modified mortars appear to be the most widely used repair materials, and several papers discuss their various properties, and particularly their bonding strength. Bonding of fresh to old concrete and crack repair by resin injection both form major themes in more than a dozen papers. Bond behaviour under sustained load conditions is important, for tong term stability, and this also applies to cracked beams repaired by resin injection.