- Email: [email protected]
Stem cell bioprocessing
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 136S (2008) S6–S15
IL-017 Stem cell bioprocessing Z.F. Cui Oxford Centre for Tissue Engineering and Bioprocessing, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Oxford University, Oxford, UK E-mail address: [email protected]. Stem cells are unspecialised cells that renew themselves for long periods through cell division. Stem cells may be derived from the embryo, foetus, umbilical cord blood, or adult tissues. More recently it was discovered that differentiated cells, such as skin cells, can be reprogrammed to reverse the differentiated cells back to stem cells. Stem cells offer unprecedented potential for the treatment of many diseases and for tissue and organ regeneration. Stem cells are also the ideal cell source for engineered tissue construct development. A further emerging application of stem cells is for drug efficacy and chemical toxicology testing. The investigation of drug effect on proliferation and differentiation of human stem cells may provide more reliable data than simple monolayer culture of cell lines and be established as an alternative to animal testing. For all the important potential applications of stem cells, either in therapy or for drug-testing, the following bioprocessing challenges are common: How to culture stem cells efficiently, economically, reproducibly and on a large scale? How to control stem cell differentiation effectively? How to monitor stem cell proliferation and differentiation quickly and efficiently? How to preserve stem cells for long period of time? This presentation will discuss some recent progress addressing these issues, including (a) use of multiple parallel perfused microbioreactors for optimising stem cell culture (Cui et al., 2007), (b) bioreactors for stem cell expansion (Liu et al., 2006), (c) 3D functional imaging of stem cells (Guehring et al., 2008), and (d) cryopreservation of stem cells. References Cui, Z.F., Xu, X., Trainor, N., Triffitt, J.T., Urban, J.P.G., Tirlapur, U.K., 2007. Application of multiple parallel perfused microbioreactors and three-dimensional stem cell culture for toxicity testing. Toxicology in Vitro 21, 1318–1324. Guehring, T., Urban, J.P., Cui, Z., Tirlapur, U.K., 2008. Noninvasive 3D vital imaging and characterization of notochordal cells of the intervertebral disc by femtosecond near-infrared two-photon laser scanning microscopy and spatial-volume rendering. Microscopy Research and Technique 71, 298–304. Liu, Y., Liu, T., Fan, X., Ma, X., Cui, Z., 2006. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood in rotating wall vessel. Journal of Biotechnology 124, 592–601.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1798 IL-032 Food safety challenges in rapidly growing economies: Taking India as an example Rakesh Kumar Khandal Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, 19, University Road Delhi, India Food security used to be the major issue for all the countries, but more for those like India, with agriculture-driven economy and hence, the importance was given to the pro-farmer policies. The research and development leading to the new varieties of seeds,
S9
modern agricultural practices, effective agro-chemicals and food processing techniques helped in achieving the self-reliance in food. The international food trade was relatively simple with not much of competition. With globalization, the local issues vanished and hence, no scope for policies protective for local farmers. Also, no scope for trade barriers, etc. This presents challenges as well as opportunities. The land available for agriculture has been declining whereas the demand for production per hectare of arable land has been rising. Genetically modified seeds and agro-chemicals of high efficacy can be the useful tools in achieving food security but they pose the challenges of food safety. Harmonisation of food quality as per Codex standards is the biggest challenge for rapidly growing economies. The stringent food safety norms may be a positive development considering the health safety but it poses challenges for the countries not ready to meet the Codex standards. The maximum residue levels (MRLs) of toxicants in foods being brought down from ppb to ppt levels further complicates the matter. Developing countries, while questioning the scientific basis behind such low MRLs they term this as the indirect tactics of trade barrier by importing countries. To capture the global share of food trade, the countries are trying to meet the quality standards for exports, neglecting local consumers. This is a big challenge! The way the whole world is getting divided based on pro and anti-GM foods is another concern. Once adopted by certain countries, GM crops are bound to reach all over, directly or indirectly. The challenge is to take all necessary safeguards to ensure food safety. In India, all the apparent challenges of food safety are being addressed through capability building projects which would be elaborated in this paper with case studies. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1799 IL-041 Application of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin in land and aquatic animal diseases control Yongping Xu 1,∗ , Liji Jin 1 , Xiaoyu Li 1 , Yuhong Zhen 1,2 , Yanan Lu 1 , Linhui Wang 1 , Jiansong You 1 1
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China 2 Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Xu). Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin, referred to as immunoglobulin Y (IgY), has recently attracted considerable attention, as it possesses unique advantages compared with mammalian IgG by their costeffectiveness, convenience and high yield (Carlander et al., 2000). Specific IgY antibodies has offered potential prophylactic and therapeutic value in controlling animal diseases. Various research groups reported that oral administration of specific IgY antibodies was an effective means of controlling enteric infections of either bacterial or viral origin in piglets (Yokoyama et al., 1992a; Marquardt et al., 1999), calves (Ikemori et al., 1992; Yokoyama et al., 1992b; Ikemori et al., 1997), rabbits (O’Farrely et al., 1992), poultry (Rahimi et al., 2007a; Rahimi et al., 2007b) and fish (Gutierrez et al., 1993; Lee et al., 2000). In our previous work, successful applications have been reported including studies which demonstrate the ability of oral passive immunotherapy with IgY to control piglet diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis (Zhen et al., in press). As well, specific IgY has been studied against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in cul-
IL-017 Stem cell bioprocessing Z.F. Cui Oxford Centre for Tissue Engineering and Bioprocessing, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Oxford University, Oxford, UK E-mail address: [email protected]. Stem cells are unspecialised cells that renew themselves for long periods through cell division. Stem cells may be derived from the embryo, foetus, umbilical cord blood, or adult tissues. More recently it was discovered that differentiated cells, such as skin cells, can be reprogrammed to reverse the differentiated cells back to stem cells. Stem cells offer unprecedented potential for the treatment of many diseases and for tissue and organ regeneration. Stem cells are also the ideal cell source for engineered tissue construct development. A further emerging application of stem cells is for drug efficacy and chemical toxicology testing. The investigation of drug effect on proliferation and differentiation of human stem cells may provide more reliable data than simple monolayer culture of cell lines and be established as an alternative to animal testing. For all the important potential applications of stem cells, either in therapy or for drug-testing, the following bioprocessing challenges are common: How to culture stem cells efficiently, economically, reproducibly and on a large scale? How to control stem cell differentiation effectively? How to monitor stem cell proliferation and differentiation quickly and efficiently? How to preserve stem cells for long period of time? This presentation will discuss some recent progress addressing these issues, including (a) use of multiple parallel perfused microbioreactors for optimising stem cell culture (Cui et al., 2007), (b) bioreactors for stem cell expansion (Liu et al., 2006), (c) 3D functional imaging of stem cells (Guehring et al., 2008), and (d) cryopreservation of stem cells. References Cui, Z.F., Xu, X., Trainor, N., Triffitt, J.T., Urban, J.P.G., Tirlapur, U.K., 2007. Application of multiple parallel perfused microbioreactors and three-dimensional stem cell culture for toxicity testing. Toxicology in Vitro 21, 1318–1324. Guehring, T., Urban, J.P., Cui, Z., Tirlapur, U.K., 2008. Noninvasive 3D vital imaging and characterization of notochordal cells of the intervertebral disc by femtosecond near-infrared two-photon laser scanning microscopy and spatial-volume rendering. Microscopy Research and Technique 71, 298–304. Liu, Y., Liu, T., Fan, X., Ma, X., Cui, Z., 2006. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood in rotating wall vessel. Journal of Biotechnology 124, 592–601.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1798 IL-032 Food safety challenges in rapidly growing economies: Taking India as an example Rakesh Kumar Khandal Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, 19, University Road Delhi, India Food security used to be the major issue for all the countries, but more for those like India, with agriculture-driven economy and hence, the importance was given to the pro-farmer policies. The research and development leading to the new varieties of seeds,
S9
modern agricultural practices, effective agro-chemicals and food processing techniques helped in achieving the self-reliance in food. The international food trade was relatively simple with not much of competition. With globalization, the local issues vanished and hence, no scope for policies protective for local farmers. Also, no scope for trade barriers, etc. This presents challenges as well as opportunities. The land available for agriculture has been declining whereas the demand for production per hectare of arable land has been rising. Genetically modified seeds and agro-chemicals of high efficacy can be the useful tools in achieving food security but they pose the challenges of food safety. Harmonisation of food quality as per Codex standards is the biggest challenge for rapidly growing economies. The stringent food safety norms may be a positive development considering the health safety but it poses challenges for the countries not ready to meet the Codex standards. The maximum residue levels (MRLs) of toxicants in foods being brought down from ppb to ppt levels further complicates the matter. Developing countries, while questioning the scientific basis behind such low MRLs they term this as the indirect tactics of trade barrier by importing countries. To capture the global share of food trade, the countries are trying to meet the quality standards for exports, neglecting local consumers. This is a big challenge! The way the whole world is getting divided based on pro and anti-GM foods is another concern. Once adopted by certain countries, GM crops are bound to reach all over, directly or indirectly. The challenge is to take all necessary safeguards to ensure food safety. In India, all the apparent challenges of food safety are being addressed through capability building projects which would be elaborated in this paper with case studies. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1799 IL-041 Application of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin in land and aquatic animal diseases control Yongping Xu 1,∗ , Liji Jin 1 , Xiaoyu Li 1 , Yuhong Zhen 1,2 , Yanan Lu 1 , Linhui Wang 1 , Jiansong You 1 1
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China 2 Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Xu). Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin, referred to as immunoglobulin Y (IgY), has recently attracted considerable attention, as it possesses unique advantages compared with mammalian IgG by their costeffectiveness, convenience and high yield (Carlander et al., 2000). Specific IgY antibodies has offered potential prophylactic and therapeutic value in controlling animal diseases. Various research groups reported that oral administration of specific IgY antibodies was an effective means of controlling enteric infections of either bacterial or viral origin in piglets (Yokoyama et al., 1992a; Marquardt et al., 1999), calves (Ikemori et al., 1992; Yokoyama et al., 1992b; Ikemori et al., 1997), rabbits (O’Farrely et al., 1992), poultry (Rahimi et al., 2007a; Rahimi et al., 2007b) and fish (Gutierrez et al., 1993; Lee et al., 2000). In our previous work, successful applications have been reported including studies which demonstrate the ability of oral passive immunotherapy with IgY to control piglet diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis (Zhen et al., in press). As well, specific IgY has been studied against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in cul-