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Strength, deformation and conductivity coupling of rock joints
144A 855045 Influence of soil type and gradation on the thermal resistivity of soils Salamone. L A: Wechsler, H Underground Space V8. N5-6. 1984. P363-371 Results are presented for the variation of thermal resistivity with moisture content and compaction (dry density from 95% maximum density to minimum density) for fine to coarse and fine to medium sands, silty clay and silt. Envelopes of thermal behaviour are drawn for the granular and fine-grained softs. Both soil group envelopes show a stable region where influence of soil type and density on thermal resistivity is negligible and a constant value is observed. P e r m e a b i l i t y and capillarity See also: 855081 855046 Fabric and engineering behavienr of organk,saturated clays Gilligan, E D; Clemence, S P Bull Assoc Engng Geol V21, N4, Nov 1984, P515-529 Laboratory studies have examined the behaviour of clays saturated with organic materials. Tactoids (face t~ face associations of clay particles) form at low pressures. The stress response of tactoidal clay is dependent on clay mineralogy and pore fluid chemistry. The deformation oftactoidal clay has been examined for several clay/organic fluid compositions, compressibility, void ratio and permeability being measured. The occurrence o f tactoids imparts a more open fabric, increased permeability and greater friction angle. This must be taken into account if clay minerals are used as liner materials for organic waste containment.
A numerical simulation of soil-water movement in a nonhomogeneous soil during rain infiltration and redistribution is described. Data gathered from field measurements are compared with the results of the numerical simulations. There are minor variations between calculated and measured profiles, the reasons for which are discussed. 855050 Comparison of soil-water hysteresis models Jaynes, D B J Hydroi V75. N1/4.5 Dec 1984. P287-299 Evaluation of Richard's equation for one-dimensional flow of water through an unsaturated porous medium requires calculation of the differential water capacity, C. This factor (differential variation of volumetric water content with soil-water pressure head) depends on the soil type and its wetting-drying history, Four models for calculating C are described and compared. They were chosen because they are relatively easy to use. have been used in earlier studies and require knowledge only of the main wetting and drying curves of the soil. 855051 Interpretation of slug tests in fisfatred rocks Black, J H Q J Engng Geol V18. N2, 1985, P161-171 Results of slug tests to measure the hydraulic properties of low permeability fissured rock have been analysed using the homogeneous~ porous medium model o f Cooper et al and using an analysis taking fissuring into account. The new analysis~ although more accurate, is unwieldy and, consequently, error estimates were evaluated for cases where the conventional analysis was used. It is concluded that errors in the values of derived transmissivity are unlikely to exceed a factor of two
855047 Can clay liners work? Daniel, D E Cie Engng, N Y V55, N4. April 1985. P48-49
855052 Similarity and first-integral solutions for air and water diffusion in soils and comparison with optimal results Sander, G C" Parlange, J Y; Hogarth, W L; Braddock, R D Soil Sei V138. N5. Nov 1984, P321-325
Compacted clay liners may be suitable for landfills and surface impoundments, especially for solid wastes, provided designers observe certain precautions. The effects of acidic, alkaline and organic wastes on clay liner permeability are discussed and variation of permeability with overburden depth demonstrated. Necessary precautions for liner design are listed.
A new non-iterative method, iasing first integral techniques, is presented for the solution of the one-dimensional absorption equation with air flow. There is some limitation to the technique as it does not apply to arbitrary soilproperties. The results using the first integral technique are compared with those using a general but approximate optimal analysis method.
855048 Strength, deformation and conductivity coupling of rock joints Barton, N; Bandis, S; Bakhtar, K Int J Rock Meeh Min Sei V22. N3, June 1985. P121-140
855053 Observations on moisture movements in natural expansive soil Yong, R N; Sadana, M L; Gohl, B In: Geoiogiccd Enironment and Soil Properties (paper prepared in co.motion with the ASCE- Geoteclmical Engineering Division and the ASCE Comvemtion, Houston, Texas, 17.21 Oct 1983) P200-220. Publ New York: ASCE 1983
Construction or excavation in jointed, water-bearing rocks can result in joint deformation with consequent change in hydraulic conductivity. Similar effects may be found in oil or gas reservoirs as stress changes through depletion or' flooding. Joint characteristics, closure and shear behaviour are reviewed and these properties synthesised into a coupled joint behaviour model, which simulates the effects of stress- and size-dependent coupling of shear stress, displacement, dilation and conductivity and of normal stress, closure and conductivity. The model predictions are compared with experimental behaviour. 855049 Numerical simulations of soil-water flow during wetting in a nonhomogeneous soil Higuchi, M J Hydrol V74. N3/4.5 Nov 1984 P323-334
One dimensional vertical infiltration tests were carried out on natural expansive soil cores from the Vereeniging test site. South Africa. Undisturbed and remouided cores were used in the confined and unconfined condition. Theinitial non-linearity in the relationship between advance of wet front versus square root o f time was mainly due to fissuring or experimental boundary effects. The relation was affected bydensity, pore size distribution, degree of saturation, confining stress and macrofissuring. Sorptivity increased for samples subjected to wetting-drying cycles. Soil water potential and electrical conductivity were related to degree of saturation and salinity of pore water,
A numerical simulation of soil-water movement in a nonhomogeneous soil during rain infiltration and redistribution is described. Data gathered from field measurements are compared with the results of the numerical simulations. There are minor variations between calculated and measured profiles, the reasons for which are discussed. 855050 Comparison of soil-water hysteresis models Jaynes, D B J Hydroi V75. N1/4.5 Dec 1984. P287-299 Evaluation of Richard's equation for one-dimensional flow of water through an unsaturated porous medium requires calculation of the differential water capacity, C. This factor (differential variation of volumetric water content with soil-water pressure head) depends on the soil type and its wetting-drying history, Four models for calculating C are described and compared. They were chosen because they are relatively easy to use. have been used in earlier studies and require knowledge only of the main wetting and drying curves of the soil. 855051 Interpretation of slug tests in fisfatred rocks Black, J H Q J Engng Geol V18. N2, 1985, P161-171 Results of slug tests to measure the hydraulic properties of low permeability fissured rock have been analysed using the homogeneous~ porous medium model o f Cooper et al and using an analysis taking fissuring into account. The new analysis~ although more accurate, is unwieldy and, consequently, error estimates were evaluated for cases where the conventional analysis was used. It is concluded that errors in the values of derived transmissivity are unlikely to exceed a factor of two
855047 Can clay liners work? Daniel, D E Cie Engng, N Y V55, N4. April 1985. P48-49
855052 Similarity and first-integral solutions for air and water diffusion in soils and comparison with optimal results Sander, G C" Parlange, J Y; Hogarth, W L; Braddock, R D Soil Sei V138. N5. Nov 1984, P321-325
Compacted clay liners may be suitable for landfills and surface impoundments, especially for solid wastes, provided designers observe certain precautions. The effects of acidic, alkaline and organic wastes on clay liner permeability are discussed and variation of permeability with overburden depth demonstrated. Necessary precautions for liner design are listed.
A new non-iterative method, iasing first integral techniques, is presented for the solution of the one-dimensional absorption equation with air flow. There is some limitation to the technique as it does not apply to arbitrary soilproperties. The results using the first integral technique are compared with those using a general but approximate optimal analysis method.
855048 Strength, deformation and conductivity coupling of rock joints Barton, N; Bandis, S; Bakhtar, K Int J Rock Meeh Min Sei V22. N3, June 1985. P121-140
855053 Observations on moisture movements in natural expansive soil Yong, R N; Sadana, M L; Gohl, B In: Geoiogiccd Enironment and Soil Properties (paper prepared in co.motion with the ASCE- Geoteclmical Engineering Division and the ASCE Comvemtion, Houston, Texas, 17.21 Oct 1983) P200-220. Publ New York: ASCE 1983
Construction or excavation in jointed, water-bearing rocks can result in joint deformation with consequent change in hydraulic conductivity. Similar effects may be found in oil or gas reservoirs as stress changes through depletion or' flooding. Joint characteristics, closure and shear behaviour are reviewed and these properties synthesised into a coupled joint behaviour model, which simulates the effects of stress- and size-dependent coupling of shear stress, displacement, dilation and conductivity and of normal stress, closure and conductivity. The model predictions are compared with experimental behaviour. 855049 Numerical simulations of soil-water flow during wetting in a nonhomogeneous soil Higuchi, M J Hydrol V74. N3/4.5 Nov 1984 P323-334
One dimensional vertical infiltration tests were carried out on natural expansive soil cores from the Vereeniging test site. South Africa. Undisturbed and remouided cores were used in the confined and unconfined condition. Theinitial non-linearity in the relationship between advance of wet front versus square root o f time was mainly due to fissuring or experimental boundary effects. The relation was affected bydensity, pore size distribution, degree of saturation, confining stress and macrofissuring. Sorptivity increased for samples subjected to wetting-drying cycles. Soil water potential and electrical conductivity were related to degree of saturation and salinity of pore water,