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Stress analysis for creep
Journal of Mechnical Working Technology, 10 (1984) 365--382 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam -- Printed in The Netherlands
365
Book Renews Stress Analysis for Creep, by J.T. Boyle and J. Spence, Butterworths & Co., London, 1983. ISBN 0-408-01172-6, x + 283 pages, illustrated, hard cover £27.50. It is almost half a century since R.W. Bailey presented to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers his classic 1935 paper on " T h e Utilisation of Creep Test Data in Engineering Design" -- a paper which is recognised as being an early landmark in design for high-temperature service. Progress in high-temperature materials to-date has been enormous: research and development in related subjects has, therefore, remained at a high level since then. The aforementioned progress can easily be exemplified by the advances that have been achieved in many branches of engineering, that are collectively utilised for the design of modern power generation plants, turbines, supersonic aircraft, chemical plants and space vehicles. Creep is one such topic which has been studied very extensively, especially in the past two decades and from the point of view of materials science: the latter aspect is f o u n d in the literature under the usual headings of creep phenomenon, creep-viscoelasticity, creep fracture etc. Designers however need something b e y o n d these, since analysis and design are inseparable activities of this class of engineering topic. Although quite a few books relating to creep are available in the market, the present book is unique. It offers a unified approach to utilise existing knowledge on creep in the stress analysis of components and structures. The book is intended for the basic to the highly-specialised reader, the industrial engineer rather than the materials scientist, the designer rather than the research worker. It shows the designer ' w h y ' to consider creep, 'what' to analyse and ' h o w ' to incorporate creep into his stress analysis and subsequent design procedure. The first three chapters of this book cover the introductory topics on terms and definitions, the p h e n o m e n o n of creep rupture, and the basic behaviour of creeping structures. Chapters 4 and 5 describe the use of approximate generalised models to perform stress analysis of structures such as frameworks, piping, thin shells and plates. The 'reference stress m e t h o d ' and some of its simplifications are dealt with in chapter 6. Generalised models for transient creep and their application to the analysis of shell structures are developed in chapter 8. Creep rupture and creep buckling are examined in detail in chapters 9 and 10, respectively. The final chapter presents current design methodologies for dealing with time-dependent material behaviour and some principal concerns of design for creep. The breadth of coverage in this book is wholly admirable and numerous examples are considered with adequate references to the original and associated literature. The reviewer feels that the authors of this book have also done a very creditable job in grouping articles from well scattered topics on
366 creep to form a coherent whole which constitutes a notable contribution to the field of stress analysis. Although the book will, without doubt, be of immense value to academics and designers, it could be equally useful to students in different branches of science and engineering: the time may soon be ripe for a complete re-orientation in the presentation of both the undergraduate and post-graduate level of stress analysis, developing the subject of creep as one of the key elements of engineering design, in which analysis, synthesis and creativity are merged. Until then, however, the book under review is strongly recommended to those who wish to acquaint theirselves (or their students) with the treatment of creep in the stress analysis of components and structures. S.K. G H O S H
Maschinenelemente: Grundlagen und Verbindungselemente,
von Richard Bachmann, Friedhelm Lohkamp und Richard Strohl, Vogel-Buchverlag, Wiirzburg, 1982. ISBN 3-8023-0635-X, 464 Seiten, 208 Abbildungen, gebunden, DM 58.00.
Dieses Buch ist als Band I eines dreiteiligen Werkes fiber Maschinenelemente zu sehen. Band II tr~igt der Titel "Grundlagen der Kraft- und Leistungsfibertragung", und der dritte Band heisst "Antriebselemente, Getriebe". Im Anhang von Band I wurde eine Gesamtiibersicht fiber die 3 Biinde aufgenommen. Hier soll jedoch nur Band I "Grundlagen und Verbindungselemente" besprochen werden. Das Buch behandelt die Grundlagen der Konstruktion und Berechnung von Maschinenelementen einerseits und die Verbindungselemente andererseits. Die Aufteilung des Buches ist so vorgenommen, dass in den ersten 3 Kapiteln die Grundlagen, insbesondere unter den Gesichtspunkten der Normung und der Konstruktion dargelegt werden. In den Kapiteln 4 bis 8 werden die verschiedenen Arten yon Verbindungselementen sehr ausffihrlich abgehandelt. Im ersten Kapitel werden in kurzer and knapper, aber sehr fibersichtlicher Form die Grunds~tze des "methodischen Konstruierens" wiedergegeben. Die Darstellung beschr~inkt sich im wesentlichen auf die Erl~uterung wichtiger Begriffe, den Uberblick fiber den Arbeitsablauf, die verschiedenen Konstruktionensphasen (Konzeptphase, Entwurfphase, Ausarbeitungsphase) eines Produktes und die Einbeziehung der verschiedenen Arten yon Maschinenelementen in das Konstruieren. Dabei erfolgt die Erl~iuterung teilweise an konkreten Beispielen, wodurch das VerstSndnis einer eigentlich von Natur aus abstrakten Thematik sehr verbessert wird. Ffir einen tieferen Einstieg in diese Materie wird zweckmiissigerweise auf die Spezialliteratur verwiesen. Das zweite Kapitel behandelt die Normung von BemessungsgrSssen wie z.B. L~ngen, Drehzahlen und Maschinenelementen und deren Einbeziehung in die Konstruktion. Dabei wird ein guter [~berblick ~iber Normzahlen,
365
Book Renews Stress Analysis for Creep, by J.T. Boyle and J. Spence, Butterworths & Co., London, 1983. ISBN 0-408-01172-6, x + 283 pages, illustrated, hard cover £27.50. It is almost half a century since R.W. Bailey presented to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers his classic 1935 paper on " T h e Utilisation of Creep Test Data in Engineering Design" -- a paper which is recognised as being an early landmark in design for high-temperature service. Progress in high-temperature materials to-date has been enormous: research and development in related subjects has, therefore, remained at a high level since then. The aforementioned progress can easily be exemplified by the advances that have been achieved in many branches of engineering, that are collectively utilised for the design of modern power generation plants, turbines, supersonic aircraft, chemical plants and space vehicles. Creep is one such topic which has been studied very extensively, especially in the past two decades and from the point of view of materials science: the latter aspect is f o u n d in the literature under the usual headings of creep phenomenon, creep-viscoelasticity, creep fracture etc. Designers however need something b e y o n d these, since analysis and design are inseparable activities of this class of engineering topic. Although quite a few books relating to creep are available in the market, the present book is unique. It offers a unified approach to utilise existing knowledge on creep in the stress analysis of components and structures. The book is intended for the basic to the highly-specialised reader, the industrial engineer rather than the materials scientist, the designer rather than the research worker. It shows the designer ' w h y ' to consider creep, 'what' to analyse and ' h o w ' to incorporate creep into his stress analysis and subsequent design procedure. The first three chapters of this book cover the introductory topics on terms and definitions, the p h e n o m e n o n of creep rupture, and the basic behaviour of creeping structures. Chapters 4 and 5 describe the use of approximate generalised models to perform stress analysis of structures such as frameworks, piping, thin shells and plates. The 'reference stress m e t h o d ' and some of its simplifications are dealt with in chapter 6. Generalised models for transient creep and their application to the analysis of shell structures are developed in chapter 8. Creep rupture and creep buckling are examined in detail in chapters 9 and 10, respectively. The final chapter presents current design methodologies for dealing with time-dependent material behaviour and some principal concerns of design for creep. The breadth of coverage in this book is wholly admirable and numerous examples are considered with adequate references to the original and associated literature. The reviewer feels that the authors of this book have also done a very creditable job in grouping articles from well scattered topics on
366 creep to form a coherent whole which constitutes a notable contribution to the field of stress analysis. Although the book will, without doubt, be of immense value to academics and designers, it could be equally useful to students in different branches of science and engineering: the time may soon be ripe for a complete re-orientation in the presentation of both the undergraduate and post-graduate level of stress analysis, developing the subject of creep as one of the key elements of engineering design, in which analysis, synthesis and creativity are merged. Until then, however, the book under review is strongly recommended to those who wish to acquaint theirselves (or their students) with the treatment of creep in the stress analysis of components and structures. S.K. G H O S H
Maschinenelemente: Grundlagen und Verbindungselemente,
von Richard Bachmann, Friedhelm Lohkamp und Richard Strohl, Vogel-Buchverlag, Wiirzburg, 1982. ISBN 3-8023-0635-X, 464 Seiten, 208 Abbildungen, gebunden, DM 58.00.
Dieses Buch ist als Band I eines dreiteiligen Werkes fiber Maschinenelemente zu sehen. Band II tr~igt der Titel "Grundlagen der Kraft- und Leistungsfibertragung", und der dritte Band heisst "Antriebselemente, Getriebe". Im Anhang von Band I wurde eine Gesamtiibersicht fiber die 3 Biinde aufgenommen. Hier soll jedoch nur Band I "Grundlagen und Verbindungselemente" besprochen werden. Das Buch behandelt die Grundlagen der Konstruktion und Berechnung von Maschinenelementen einerseits und die Verbindungselemente andererseits. Die Aufteilung des Buches ist so vorgenommen, dass in den ersten 3 Kapiteln die Grundlagen, insbesondere unter den Gesichtspunkten der Normung und der Konstruktion dargelegt werden. In den Kapiteln 4 bis 8 werden die verschiedenen Arten yon Verbindungselementen sehr ausffihrlich abgehandelt. Im ersten Kapitel werden in kurzer and knapper, aber sehr fibersichtlicher Form die Grunds~tze des "methodischen Konstruierens" wiedergegeben. Die Darstellung beschr~inkt sich im wesentlichen auf die Erl~uterung wichtiger Begriffe, den Uberblick fiber den Arbeitsablauf, die verschiedenen Konstruktionensphasen (Konzeptphase, Entwurfphase, Ausarbeitungsphase) eines Produktes und die Einbeziehung der verschiedenen Arten yon Maschinenelementen in das Konstruieren. Dabei erfolgt die Erl~iuterung teilweise an konkreten Beispielen, wodurch das VerstSndnis einer eigentlich von Natur aus abstrakten Thematik sehr verbessert wird. Ffir einen tieferen Einstieg in diese Materie wird zweckmiissigerweise auf die Spezialliteratur verwiesen. Das zweite Kapitel behandelt die Normung von BemessungsgrSssen wie z.B. L~ngen, Drehzahlen und Maschinenelementen und deren Einbeziehung in die Konstruktion. Dabei wird ein guter [~berblick ~iber Normzahlen,