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Studies in sickle cell anemia
Abstracts of Current
Literature
ANESTHESIOLOGY Some Etiologic Considerations With Cardiac Arrest: Bergner. Anesthesiology 16: 177, March, 1955.
Reports of 17 Cases. Robert
P.
Over a four-year period, during which time 35,000 anesthetics were administered, sevenEleven of these patients are alive and well; six died teen cases of cardiac arrest occurred. because of errors in diagnosis and treatment or because of conditions that prevented adequate treatment. The anesthetic factors most often responsible for cardiac arrest are deficiency of anesthesia in the prPsoxygen, carbon dioxide excess, overdose of anesthetic, or insufficient ence of strong sensory stimulation. three fundamental lninciplrs: The treatment of any type of cardiac arrest involves 1. Artificial
respiration.
2. Thoracotomy 3. Elimination
and cardiac
massage.
of the cause of cardiac
arrest.
Most cardiac arrests during surgery and in the operating room are of the secondary type, that is, the heart has stopped beating because the patient has died from other causes. Occasionally, a primary type of cardiac arrest is encountered in which the patient is unwon scious and renmins alive for a few moments, but will die from cardiac arrest unless action is T. -1. 0. restored.
ORAL
MEDICINE
Studies in Sickle Cell Anemia. Angella D. Ferguson, Henry T. Carrington, Scott. M. Ann. District of Columbia 24: 518, October, 1955.
and Roland B.
The mandible and the maxilla may play a role in hematopoiesis and so reflect any The latter becomes hyperplastic and expands, generalized disturbance of the bone marrow. This shows on the roentgenogram as increased causing a resorption of medullary bone. porosity. A reduction in the thickness of the compact layer of bone increases the osteoporosis and also results in a more prominent visualization of the remaining trabeculae. The compact bone (lamina dura) which surronnds the roots of the teeth usually appears to be prominent and intact. The mobility of the teeth should be within normal range. ‘The changes seen on x-ray examination are in the form of osteoporosis. The decrease in the number of trabeculae produces an increased radiolucency. The remaining trabeculac are sharply defined and surrounded by multisized and irregularly shaped marrow spaces. The osteoporosis is present in the alveolar bone as \vell as the spongiosa of the mandible. The decrease in trabeculations is especially striking in the alveolar bone between the: roots of the teeth. These trabeculations are usually in horizontal rows, creating an accentuated stepladder effect. In areas where no teeth are present, there is usually a decrease in tht’ number of trabeculae, but the stepladder effect is not present. The lnmina dura surrounding the teeth is usually distinct and dense. The shape o t the c,rowns and the roots of the teeth and their periodontal attachment arc usually normal. ‘I?. ,J. (‘.
ORAL Retromandibular
Parotid
Tumors.
SURGERY
H. M. Morfit.
Arch. Surg. 70: 906, June, 1955. In 80 to 85 per cent of the cases examined, the parotid gland is found lying external or superficial to the ascending ramus of the mandible, There is a small portion, however, which 349
Literature
ANESTHESIOLOGY Some Etiologic Considerations With Cardiac Arrest: Bergner. Anesthesiology 16: 177, March, 1955.
Reports of 17 Cases. Robert
P.
Over a four-year period, during which time 35,000 anesthetics were administered, sevenEleven of these patients are alive and well; six died teen cases of cardiac arrest occurred. because of errors in diagnosis and treatment or because of conditions that prevented adequate treatment. The anesthetic factors most often responsible for cardiac arrest are deficiency of anesthesia in the prPsoxygen, carbon dioxide excess, overdose of anesthetic, or insufficient ence of strong sensory stimulation. three fundamental lninciplrs: The treatment of any type of cardiac arrest involves 1. Artificial
respiration.
2. Thoracotomy 3. Elimination
and cardiac
massage.
of the cause of cardiac
arrest.
Most cardiac arrests during surgery and in the operating room are of the secondary type, that is, the heart has stopped beating because the patient has died from other causes. Occasionally, a primary type of cardiac arrest is encountered in which the patient is unwon scious and renmins alive for a few moments, but will die from cardiac arrest unless action is T. -1. 0. restored.
ORAL
MEDICINE
Studies in Sickle Cell Anemia. Angella D. Ferguson, Henry T. Carrington, Scott. M. Ann. District of Columbia 24: 518, October, 1955.
and Roland B.
The mandible and the maxilla may play a role in hematopoiesis and so reflect any The latter becomes hyperplastic and expands, generalized disturbance of the bone marrow. This shows on the roentgenogram as increased causing a resorption of medullary bone. porosity. A reduction in the thickness of the compact layer of bone increases the osteoporosis and also results in a more prominent visualization of the remaining trabeculae. The compact bone (lamina dura) which surronnds the roots of the teeth usually appears to be prominent and intact. The mobility of the teeth should be within normal range. ‘The changes seen on x-ray examination are in the form of osteoporosis. The decrease in the number of trabeculae produces an increased radiolucency. The remaining trabeculac are sharply defined and surrounded by multisized and irregularly shaped marrow spaces. The osteoporosis is present in the alveolar bone as \vell as the spongiosa of the mandible. The decrease in trabeculations is especially striking in the alveolar bone between the: roots of the teeth. These trabeculations are usually in horizontal rows, creating an accentuated stepladder effect. In areas where no teeth are present, there is usually a decrease in tht’ number of trabeculae, but the stepladder effect is not present. The lnmina dura surrounding the teeth is usually distinct and dense. The shape o t the c,rowns and the roots of the teeth and their periodontal attachment arc usually normal. ‘I?. ,J. (‘.
ORAL Retromandibular
Parotid
Tumors.
SURGERY
H. M. Morfit.
Arch. Surg. 70: 906, June, 1955. In 80 to 85 per cent of the cases examined, the parotid gland is found lying external or superficial to the ascending ramus of the mandible, There is a small portion, however, which 349