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Studies of turbulent diffusion of dye patches in the ocean
340
()ccanographit. Abstracts
HERON, J., 1962. D e t e r m i n a t i o n o f p h o s p h a t e in water alicr storage ill polyethyic~e J ~p~m,:,/ Oceanogr., 7 (3): 31o 321. The changes o f p h o s p h a t e t_oncentratlon which take place when lake water is stored m poiyethyicm bottles have been studied. The reduction in p h o s p h a t e concentration which occurs is attributed ~c. bacterial action a n d n o t to absorption o f p h o s p h a t e by the polyethylene. Appreciable change: m p h o s p h a t e concentration can be avoided by collecting the sample in a polyethylene boltlc \vbich i~aa been treated with a solution o f iodine in p o t a s s i u m iodide s o l u t i o n
HULBERT, f2. M.~ 1962. P h y t o p t a n k t o n in the sc, uthwe~tcrn Sargasso Sea and N~rti~ t cl,.latoiL~ Current, February ! 961. [.i,nnoL Om'ano*:r., 7 !3) : 30" 3 1 5 In a 1,000-mile section in the tropical Atlantic, ltageliate species, with one exception, tcuded to hc uniformly distributed, but diatoms, for the m o s t part, were m o r e nunacrous toward tim southcr~ e n d o f the section. This change was associated with an intensification o f stratification o f the uppe: 100 m. T h e relative ability o f flagellates a n d d i a t o m s to react to varying growth condilions, in m: ~ d e p e n d e n t on h y d r o g r a p h y , is d i s c u s s e d HUNT, L. M., 1962. Sea state-effects a n d problems. :tl,r, 5,~. ln~/rzoH.. / n . ~ z ~ c .5,~ 4 ~ m ' r P l e n u m Press, N.Y., 1:223 238. Sea state exerts a greater overall etti:ct on the Na',y a n d m e r c h a n t marines t h a n any other single en',ironmental factor. This paper, in order to e m p h a s i z e this point, discusses the elli:ct o f wave height on b a c k g r o u n d noise a n d surface reverberation which imposes limitations on s o n a r a n d r a d a , effectiveness, a n d its effect on ship speed a n d ship d a m a g e . W a v e forecasting, wave height observations, a n d the sea state code are also discussed from the s t a n d p o i n t o f present practice 'and needed improvements. HUETER, T. F., D. M. BAKEk and .I.T. SHA\\, 1962. Acoustical noise m e a s u r i n g but)> ,~.ith digitai data recording. Mar. Sci. lnstrutn., ]/t.sgrlttll. ,~oc.~ ltllcr.. Plermm Press, N.Y., I : 2! 24 An a m b i e n t noise m e a s u r i n g system is being developed for use m a deep-water m o o r e d ouuy. f h v acoustic s p e c t r u m between 50 a n d 400 c/s is m e a s u r e d at four discrete frequencies a n d sampled ~: regular intervals. T h e analog signal is converted !o a binary digital code and pho.'.ographi,:al{,, recorded for later processing. A qualitative m e a s u r e m e n t o f sea state is m a d e during each m e a s u r e m e n t cyclc, permitting a co~relation between wave height a n d a m b i e n t noise to be accomplished. Auxiliary devices are provided which effect buoy recovery upon reception o f a coded acoustic c~m> m a n d signal. The buoy is designed for operation at depths to 1000 feet with a duration on statio!i ~)~ three m o n t h s . Solid-state devices are used whcrc possible Io keep power c o n s u m p t i o n i(> a r c l a m c h low value. ICHIYE, T., 1962 Studies o f ttlrbulent dillusion n[ dye patches in the ocean. J ~" e ,;.,h:',, /,~cr:, 67 (8): 3213-3216. Experimental data on diffusion o f dye patches in the sea obtained m near shore areas, mctudip, g estuaries o f the coast o f the ( l u l l o f Mexico are analyzed a n d c o m p a r e d with theories o f turbulent diffusion. C h a n g e o f radius o f dye patches with time is explained f r o m theories o f (i. 1. T,,', t()a alxt others. Detailed structure o f diffusiort pattern is discussed by use o f the data obtained a~ a platform off P a n a m a City, Horida. Particularly the speed o f diffusion, vertical eddy a c c o m p a n y i n g the b o t t o m layer o f dye patches a n d strange pattern o f edges o f patches are discussed in relation to the e n v i r o ~ mental, h y d r o d y n a m i c a l conditions such as vertical stability, mean velocity, and sea surface cnndition> IGARASHI HISANO, KOICHI ZAMA a n d KAZO FAKAMA, 1961. t'atty oil from shelllish. ~In J tpancsc English abstract). Bull. Fac. t:Tsh., HokkaMo Unit.. 12 (3): 196-200 The fatty oil extracted from, ('hlamys nipponens~s a n d Pecten ve.~oensis h a d n o e' i.488u, i.4851: acid no. 4.7, 10.8; saponification no. 186.8, 192.9; iodine no. 'J03.2, 226.5; unsaponiliabte matlc~ 33.4'!i,, 5.28~?o a n d total sterols in unsaponifiable m a t t e r 15.09'~;,. 4.92"(,, respectively. The fatty acid composition o f these oils was as follows : saturated, C , , 0.1, 0 . 1 % : ~-~4 10. , 6.0'!i,; C16 8.9, 10.1 °~); C ~ 6.9, 5.6(~,) a n d C20 1.6% trace; unsaturated, C,4 2.8 (-2.0H), i.I % ( -2.0H~: C~,; 14.8(-3.6H), 17.6"b (-.4.1Hi:C.., t g . 5 ( 4 . 8 H ) , 4 6 . 7 ° , , ( . 7 . 6 H ) : C . , 2 3 . 9 ( 8 . 8 H ) , i 2 T ~){ K01t~ and C_,e 10.8°o (.-9.0H). respectively. It(), A., 1962. O n the statistical characteristics o f winds in the sea s o u t h o f Honshtl. (Jr; .lapancse. English abstract). Bull. Kohe M a r Obs., 169 (15): 2 8 3 3 W i n d s m e a s u r e d on board Shumpu-maru, engaged in oceanographical observations once a season, are discussed statistically. W i n d velocities on board Shu,'npu-maru are c o m p a r e d with lhose :it stations on the coast. There are a few examples o f s t o r m s e n c o u n t e r e d by Shu,,.pt~-*.,~aru.
JACOBSEN, N. I%IN(,O, 1901. (iecst-.topografi m~der l ' o n d e r m a r s k e n . Ge,,?,,~ ~;,/s~,~; , ":. 167-181. Also : Medd. Saaltin,~ LaS. 17. As part o f an in\estigation ot the landscape genesis along the south-western coast o f Jutland alter the last glaciation. Dc Dan~ke l~?,&,- ,,,., .~tlarskunderso~,elser have carried out detailed n::tpping ~,i
()ccanographit. Abstracts
HERON, J., 1962. D e t e r m i n a t i o n o f p h o s p h a t e in water alicr storage ill polyethyic~e J ~p~m,:,/ Oceanogr., 7 (3): 31o 321. The changes o f p h o s p h a t e t_oncentratlon which take place when lake water is stored m poiyethyicm bottles have been studied. The reduction in p h o s p h a t e concentration which occurs is attributed ~c. bacterial action a n d n o t to absorption o f p h o s p h a t e by the polyethylene. Appreciable change: m p h o s p h a t e concentration can be avoided by collecting the sample in a polyethylene boltlc \vbich i~aa been treated with a solution o f iodine in p o t a s s i u m iodide s o l u t i o n
HULBERT, f2. M.~ 1962. P h y t o p t a n k t o n in the sc, uthwe~tcrn Sargasso Sea and N~rti~ t cl,.latoiL~ Current, February ! 961. [.i,nnoL Om'ano*:r., 7 !3) : 30" 3 1 5 In a 1,000-mile section in the tropical Atlantic, ltageliate species, with one exception, tcuded to hc uniformly distributed, but diatoms, for the m o s t part, were m o r e nunacrous toward tim southcr~ e n d o f the section. This change was associated with an intensification o f stratification o f the uppe: 100 m. T h e relative ability o f flagellates a n d d i a t o m s to react to varying growth condilions, in m: ~ d e p e n d e n t on h y d r o g r a p h y , is d i s c u s s e d HUNT, L. M., 1962. Sea state-effects a n d problems. :tl,r, 5,~. ln~/rzoH.. / n . ~ z ~ c .5,~ 4 ~ m ' r P l e n u m Press, N.Y., 1:223 238. Sea state exerts a greater overall etti:ct on the Na',y a n d m e r c h a n t marines t h a n any other single en',ironmental factor. This paper, in order to e m p h a s i z e this point, discusses the elli:ct o f wave height on b a c k g r o u n d noise a n d surface reverberation which imposes limitations on s o n a r a n d r a d a , effectiveness, a n d its effect on ship speed a n d ship d a m a g e . W a v e forecasting, wave height observations, a n d the sea state code are also discussed from the s t a n d p o i n t o f present practice 'and needed improvements. HUETER, T. F., D. M. BAKEk and .I.T. SHA\\, 1962. Acoustical noise m e a s u r i n g but)> ,~.ith digitai data recording. Mar. Sci. lnstrutn., ]/t.sgrlttll. ,~oc.~ ltllcr.. Plermm Press, N.Y., I : 2! 24 An a m b i e n t noise m e a s u r i n g system is being developed for use m a deep-water m o o r e d ouuy. f h v acoustic s p e c t r u m between 50 a n d 400 c/s is m e a s u r e d at four discrete frequencies a n d sampled ~: regular intervals. T h e analog signal is converted !o a binary digital code and pho.'.ographi,:al{,, recorded for later processing. A qualitative m e a s u r e m e n t o f sea state is m a d e during each m e a s u r e m e n t cyclc, permitting a co~relation between wave height a n d a m b i e n t noise to be accomplished. Auxiliary devices are provided which effect buoy recovery upon reception o f a coded acoustic c~m> m a n d signal. The buoy is designed for operation at depths to 1000 feet with a duration on statio!i ~)~ three m o n t h s . Solid-state devices are used whcrc possible Io keep power c o n s u m p t i o n i(> a r c l a m c h low value. ICHIYE, T., 1962 Studies o f ttlrbulent dillusion n[ dye patches in the ocean. J ~" e ,;.,h:',, /,~cr:, 67 (8): 3213-3216. Experimental data on diffusion o f dye patches in the sea obtained m near shore areas, mctudip, g estuaries o f the coast o f the ( l u l l o f Mexico are analyzed a n d c o m p a r e d with theories o f turbulent diffusion. C h a n g e o f radius o f dye patches with time is explained f r o m theories o f (i. 1. T,,', t()a alxt others. Detailed structure o f diffusiort pattern is discussed by use o f the data obtained a~ a platform off P a n a m a City, Horida. Particularly the speed o f diffusion, vertical eddy a c c o m p a n y i n g the b o t t o m layer o f dye patches a n d strange pattern o f edges o f patches are discussed in relation to the e n v i r o ~ mental, h y d r o d y n a m i c a l conditions such as vertical stability, mean velocity, and sea surface cnndition> IGARASHI HISANO, KOICHI ZAMA a n d KAZO FAKAMA, 1961. t'atty oil from shelllish. ~In J tpancsc English abstract). Bull. Fac. t:Tsh., HokkaMo Unit.. 12 (3): 196-200 The fatty oil extracted from, ('hlamys nipponens~s a n d Pecten ve.~oensis h a d n o e' i.488u, i.4851: acid no. 4.7, 10.8; saponification no. 186.8, 192.9; iodine no. 'J03.2, 226.5; unsaponiliabte matlc~ 33.4'!i,, 5.28~?o a n d total sterols in unsaponifiable m a t t e r 15.09'~;,. 4.92"(,, respectively. The fatty acid composition o f these oils was as follows : saturated, C , , 0.1, 0 . 1 % : ~-~4 10. , 6.0'!i,; C16 8.9, 10.1 °~); C ~ 6.9, 5.6(~,) a n d C20 1.6% trace; unsaturated, C,4 2.8 (-2.0H), i.I % ( -2.0H~: C~,; 14.8(-3.6H), 17.6"b (-.4.1Hi:C.., t g . 5 ( 4 . 8 H ) , 4 6 . 7 ° , , ( . 7 . 6 H ) : C . , 2 3 . 9 ( 8 . 8 H ) , i 2 T ~){ K01t~ and C_,e 10.8°o (.-9.0H). respectively. It(), A., 1962. O n the statistical characteristics o f winds in the sea s o u t h o f Honshtl. (Jr; .lapancse. English abstract). Bull. Kohe M a r Obs., 169 (15): 2 8 3 3 W i n d s m e a s u r e d on board Shumpu-maru, engaged in oceanographical observations once a season, are discussed statistically. W i n d velocities on board Shu,'npu-maru are c o m p a r e d with lhose :it stations on the coast. There are a few examples o f s t o r m s e n c o u n t e r e d by Shu,,.pt~-*.,~aru.
JACOBSEN, N. I%IN(,O, 1901. (iecst-.topografi m~der l ' o n d e r m a r s k e n . Ge,,?,,~ ~;,/s~,~; , ":. 167-181. Also : Medd. Saaltin,~ LaS. 17. As part o f an in\estigation ot the landscape genesis along the south-western coast o f Jutland alter the last glaciation. Dc Dan~ke l~?,&,- ,,,., .~tlarskunderso~,elser have carried out detailed n::tpping ~,i