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Studies on marine flavobacteria
Oceanographic Abstracts
667
Observations of Calanus in infra-red light confirm that a vertical ' hop and s i n k ' alternation is typical of these animals in darkness. The results arc considered in relation to earlier field observations of a false dawn rise in many forms, and to the seasonal differences in the vertical distribution of Calanus helgolandicus. Hormonal control of the biological clock would account for the general pattern of laboratory and field observations. HASLE G. R., 1962. The morphology of Thalassiosirafluviatilis from the polluted inner Oslofjord. Nytt Mug. Bot., 9: 151-154. The ccntric diatom Thalassiosira fluviatilis I4ustedt has been recorded from a marine environment, presumably for the first time. The valve structure of the diatom has been studied with light and electron microscopes. The details of the structure vary with the size of the valve and with the degree of silicification. HAYES P. R., 1963. Studies on marine flavobacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol., 30 (I): 1-20. Sixty-two pigmented strains, sixty-one of which had been classified as Flavobacterium species by the workers who isolated them, were studied. Morphological, cultural, environmental, biochemical and nutritional studies confirmed that thirty-two non-motile strains were Flavobacterium species; twenty-one were reclassified as presumptive Cytophaga species and the remaining eight strains were ascribed to the genera Pseudomonas, Vibrio or Corynebacterium, or were unclassifiable. A new genus is suggested for the peritrichous flagellated organisms, previously included in the genus Flavobacterium. Both the flavobacteria and the cytophagas were found to have many properties in common. Satisfactory methods of differentiating between representatives of these genera were limited to the swarming ability and greater heat resistance of the latter. Of the thirty-two non-motile Flavobacterium strains, eighteen were divisible into two well defined groups ( ? species) and the remainder were a heterogeneous collection. The twenty-two Cytophaga strains were also divisible into two groups (? species). The possibility o f a relationship existing between flavobacteria and cytophagas is discussed briefly. H~.~PETH J. W., 1962. A bathypelagic pycnogonid. Deep-Sea Res., 9 (5): 487-491. The world-wide occurrence of the pycnogonid Pallenopsis calcanea Stephensen at depths of 650-2000m indicates that this is a true bathypelagic species, although it lacks any obvious specialization for this environment. Its lack of specialization suggests that it is parasitic or commensal upon some larger bathypelagic organism, possibly a medusan. H~TER F. J., D. C. AAS'rEDand R. W. GILKEY, 1963. The bathykymograph, a depth-time recorder.
U.S.F.W.S. Spec. Sci. Rept., Fish., No. 4 4 1 : 5 pp.
A device (bathykymograph) is described which records pressure (depth) on a time scale. It is inexpensive, rugged, and easily calibrated. Operation, construction, and limits of accuracy are discussed. HIDAKA K., 1962. Non-linear theory of an equatorial flow, with special application to the Cromwell Current. J. Oceanogr. Soc., Jap., 20th Ann. Vol.: 223-241. A method is given for computing the velocity of equatorial flow at, and around, the Equator, taking into account the effect of field accelerations in addition to the pressure gradients and Coriolis forces. Applied to the observational data, this method gives a result which agrees quite well with the observed flow pattern in the equatorial Pacific. The Cromwell Current (Equatorial Undercurrent) and the Equatorial Countercurrent are quite distinct. The effect of the inertia terms is negligible except at, or within a few degrees of the Equator. HIDAKA K., 1962. A computation on non-linear equatorial flow. Rec. Oceanogr. Wks., Jap., n.s., 6 (2): 1-8. Evidences have recently accumulated that the current system in the equatorial region is in geostrophic balance except for zones at, or very close, to the Equator. This fact enables us to compute the velocity components at or very close to the Equator, by reducing the non-linear dynamic equations to a system of difference equations. HrNKELMANq,~ H., 1962. Possibilities to measure water bodies in the sea by four measurable properties. (In German: Eng. abstract). Kiel. Meeresforsch., 18 (2): 187-188. in a water sample only three of many measurable physical properties are independent of one another. It is therefore proposed to define functions of four variables, the values of which are characteristic for the specific water body. HIROTA R., 1961. Zooplankton investigations in the Bingo-Nada region of the Setonaikai (Inland Sea of Japan). J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., (B) Div. 1, 20: 83-145. Also in: Contrib., Mukaishima Mar. Biol. Sta., Hiroshima Univ., No. 67. I. This paper deals with observations on the hydrographical conditions, the plankton, with special reference to the zooplankton communities indicated by the dominant copepods, the occurrence
667
Observations of Calanus in infra-red light confirm that a vertical ' hop and s i n k ' alternation is typical of these animals in darkness. The results arc considered in relation to earlier field observations of a false dawn rise in many forms, and to the seasonal differences in the vertical distribution of Calanus helgolandicus. Hormonal control of the biological clock would account for the general pattern of laboratory and field observations. HASLE G. R., 1962. The morphology of Thalassiosirafluviatilis from the polluted inner Oslofjord. Nytt Mug. Bot., 9: 151-154. The ccntric diatom Thalassiosira fluviatilis I4ustedt has been recorded from a marine environment, presumably for the first time. The valve structure of the diatom has been studied with light and electron microscopes. The details of the structure vary with the size of the valve and with the degree of silicification. HAYES P. R., 1963. Studies on marine flavobacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol., 30 (I): 1-20. Sixty-two pigmented strains, sixty-one of which had been classified as Flavobacterium species by the workers who isolated them, were studied. Morphological, cultural, environmental, biochemical and nutritional studies confirmed that thirty-two non-motile strains were Flavobacterium species; twenty-one were reclassified as presumptive Cytophaga species and the remaining eight strains were ascribed to the genera Pseudomonas, Vibrio or Corynebacterium, or were unclassifiable. A new genus is suggested for the peritrichous flagellated organisms, previously included in the genus Flavobacterium. Both the flavobacteria and the cytophagas were found to have many properties in common. Satisfactory methods of differentiating between representatives of these genera were limited to the swarming ability and greater heat resistance of the latter. Of the thirty-two non-motile Flavobacterium strains, eighteen were divisible into two well defined groups ( ? species) and the remainder were a heterogeneous collection. The twenty-two Cytophaga strains were also divisible into two groups (? species). The possibility o f a relationship existing between flavobacteria and cytophagas is discussed briefly. H~.~PETH J. W., 1962. A bathypelagic pycnogonid. Deep-Sea Res., 9 (5): 487-491. The world-wide occurrence of the pycnogonid Pallenopsis calcanea Stephensen at depths of 650-2000m indicates that this is a true bathypelagic species, although it lacks any obvious specialization for this environment. Its lack of specialization suggests that it is parasitic or commensal upon some larger bathypelagic organism, possibly a medusan. H~TER F. J., D. C. AAS'rEDand R. W. GILKEY, 1963. The bathykymograph, a depth-time recorder.
U.S.F.W.S. Spec. Sci. Rept., Fish., No. 4 4 1 : 5 pp.
A device (bathykymograph) is described which records pressure (depth) on a time scale. It is inexpensive, rugged, and easily calibrated. Operation, construction, and limits of accuracy are discussed. HIDAKA K., 1962. Non-linear theory of an equatorial flow, with special application to the Cromwell Current. J. Oceanogr. Soc., Jap., 20th Ann. Vol.: 223-241. A method is given for computing the velocity of equatorial flow at, and around, the Equator, taking into account the effect of field accelerations in addition to the pressure gradients and Coriolis forces. Applied to the observational data, this method gives a result which agrees quite well with the observed flow pattern in the equatorial Pacific. The Cromwell Current (Equatorial Undercurrent) and the Equatorial Countercurrent are quite distinct. The effect of the inertia terms is negligible except at, or within a few degrees of the Equator. HIDAKA K., 1962. A computation on non-linear equatorial flow. Rec. Oceanogr. Wks., Jap., n.s., 6 (2): 1-8. Evidences have recently accumulated that the current system in the equatorial region is in geostrophic balance except for zones at, or very close, to the Equator. This fact enables us to compute the velocity components at or very close to the Equator, by reducing the non-linear dynamic equations to a system of difference equations. HrNKELMANq,~ H., 1962. Possibilities to measure water bodies in the sea by four measurable properties. (In German: Eng. abstract). Kiel. Meeresforsch., 18 (2): 187-188. in a water sample only three of many measurable physical properties are independent of one another. It is therefore proposed to define functions of four variables, the values of which are characteristic for the specific water body. HIROTA R., 1961. Zooplankton investigations in the Bingo-Nada region of the Setonaikai (Inland Sea of Japan). J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., (B) Div. 1, 20: 83-145. Also in: Contrib., Mukaishima Mar. Biol. Sta., Hiroshima Univ., No. 67. I. This paper deals with observations on the hydrographical conditions, the plankton, with special reference to the zooplankton communities indicated by the dominant copepods, the occurrence