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Study of dental plaque in orthodontic patients
DEPARTMENT Edited
OF REVIEWS
AND
ABSTRACTS
by
Dr. J. A. Salzmann New Pork City A11 inquiries the respective
regarding
addressed to
authors. Dr. J. A.
information on reviews and abstracts shoda be direCted to or boolcs for review in this department should: be Salzmann, 654 Madison Ave., New Pork, New York lOOH.
Articles
Norms of Size and Annual Measures of the Mandible Years of Age B. S. Savara Arch.
and
Oral Biol.
Increments for Five Anatomical in Boys From Three to Sixteen
W. E. Tracy 12: 469-486,
1967
A mixed longitudinal study of mandibular growth was conducted on fifty-two boys. The three-dimensional method of correcting for distortion and magnification of landmarks on the frontal and lateral cephalograms was used to obtain anatomically accurate dimensions of the mandible. Means and variability of size and annual increments for ramus height, body length, maximum length, bigonial width, and bicondylar width are presented, and sex differences are discussed. Boys grew least in height, more in width, and most in length. Their circumpuberal increase was greatest for maximum length and least for bigonial width. As for sex differences, boys were found to be larger than girls at 3 years of age in all measurements but bigonial width. From age 3 on, boys’ growth increments were larger, and their postadolescent size reflected this in their larger over-all size in each dimension. The boys’ adolescent spurt came later and was more pronounced in bigonial width, body length, maximum length, and ramus height. Study
of
Dental
J. W. Balenreifen J. Dent.
Res.
Plaque and
49:
360-384,
in Orthodontic
Patients
J. V. Madonia March-April,
1970
Some chemical and biologic changes in dental plaque after the placement of orthodontic bands and arch wires were determined and evaluated. Plaque samples of twelve patients from the orthodontic clinic were collected before and after placement of orthodontic bands and arch wires. They were assayed for changes in pH, carbohydrate content, and the microbial populations of streptococci and lactobacilli. After placement of the orthodontic appliances, the plaque showed a mean pH drop of 0.4 units, an increase of 0.01 mg. of carbohydrate per milligram of plaque, an increase of 9.8 x lop laetobaeilli per milligram of plaque, and an increase of 1.5 x 1014 streptococci per milligram of plaque. The increase in 520
Yolunze Number
Reviews and abstracts
59 5
521
streptococci was divided into a 1.8 x lOlo increase in S. saliva&s types and a 11.5 x 1Ol4 increase in S. mitti. These observations were compared statistically and analyzed for their implications concerning oral health. Time and Cost Factors to Provide Regular, Periodic Dental Care for Children in a Fluoridated and Nonfluoridated Area: Final Report David
B. Ast,
J. Amer.
Dent.
Naham Ass.
C. Cons, 80:
Sydney
T. Pollard,
and
Joseph
Garfinkel
770,197O
A study was conducted in fluoridated Newburgh and fluoride-deficient Kingston to determine the cost and time required to provide regular, periodic dental care for children during a 6-year period starting when the children were 5 and 6 years old. The study adds a new dimension to the benefits of water fluoridation. The cost of corrective dental care for children with lifelong exposure to fluoridated water is less than half the cost for children in a nonfluoridated area; the cost of incremental care is just about half. As a result of regular incremental care in both cities, there was no need to extract any permanent teeth. The chair time needed to provide examination, prophylaxis, and corrective care was about one and one half times more in the nonfluoridated area than in the fluoridated area. late Results the Monobloc
After Jaw Orthopedic’ Treatment Method of And&en-H&p1
According
to
Filip P&on Norslce Tannlaegeforen.
Tid.
80:
3.86~534,197O
In a special memorial number, published in honor of the centennial of the birth of Professor Viggo Andr&en, Palsson reports on the results of nine cases treated entirely according to the functional jaw orthopedic system of And&en and Hhupl. There were six cases of advanced postnormal occlusion, five of them belonging to Angle Class II, Division 1 and one to Class II, Division 2. Three of the cases were also complicated by advanced posterior cross-bites of several teeth. In four cases there was an overjet of 6.5, 14.5, 12, and 14.5 mm., respectively, and in five cases there was an overbite of 5, 12.5, 6, 7, 13, and 13 mm., respectively. In four of the overbite cases, there was an incipient gingival bite by the lower incisors lingually behind the upper incisors. In one case a central incisor was replanted by the patient’s mother 6 months before the patient began orthodontic treatment at the age of 11 years; this tooth had been knocked out when the child fell against a kitchen stove. In another case a second premolar tooth germ was accidentally extirpated when the corresponding deciduous molar had to be extracted because of purulent pulpitis 6 months
OF REVIEWS
AND
ABSTRACTS
by
Dr. J. A. Salzmann New Pork City A11 inquiries the respective
regarding
addressed to
authors. Dr. J. A.
information on reviews and abstracts shoda be direCted to or boolcs for review in this department should: be Salzmann, 654 Madison Ave., New Pork, New York lOOH.
Articles
Norms of Size and Annual Measures of the Mandible Years of Age B. S. Savara Arch.
and
Oral Biol.
Increments for Five Anatomical in Boys From Three to Sixteen
W. E. Tracy 12: 469-486,
1967
A mixed longitudinal study of mandibular growth was conducted on fifty-two boys. The three-dimensional method of correcting for distortion and magnification of landmarks on the frontal and lateral cephalograms was used to obtain anatomically accurate dimensions of the mandible. Means and variability of size and annual increments for ramus height, body length, maximum length, bigonial width, and bicondylar width are presented, and sex differences are discussed. Boys grew least in height, more in width, and most in length. Their circumpuberal increase was greatest for maximum length and least for bigonial width. As for sex differences, boys were found to be larger than girls at 3 years of age in all measurements but bigonial width. From age 3 on, boys’ growth increments were larger, and their postadolescent size reflected this in their larger over-all size in each dimension. The boys’ adolescent spurt came later and was more pronounced in bigonial width, body length, maximum length, and ramus height. Study
of
Dental
J. W. Balenreifen J. Dent.
Res.
Plaque and
49:
360-384,
in Orthodontic
Patients
J. V. Madonia March-April,
1970
Some chemical and biologic changes in dental plaque after the placement of orthodontic bands and arch wires were determined and evaluated. Plaque samples of twelve patients from the orthodontic clinic were collected before and after placement of orthodontic bands and arch wires. They were assayed for changes in pH, carbohydrate content, and the microbial populations of streptococci and lactobacilli. After placement of the orthodontic appliances, the plaque showed a mean pH drop of 0.4 units, an increase of 0.01 mg. of carbohydrate per milligram of plaque, an increase of 9.8 x lop laetobaeilli per milligram of plaque, and an increase of 1.5 x 1014 streptococci per milligram of plaque. The increase in 520
Yolunze Number
Reviews and abstracts
59 5
521
streptococci was divided into a 1.8 x lOlo increase in S. saliva&s types and a 11.5 x 1Ol4 increase in S. mitti. These observations were compared statistically and analyzed for their implications concerning oral health. Time and Cost Factors to Provide Regular, Periodic Dental Care for Children in a Fluoridated and Nonfluoridated Area: Final Report David
B. Ast,
J. Amer.
Dent.
Naham Ass.
C. Cons, 80:
Sydney
T. Pollard,
and
Joseph
Garfinkel
770,197O
A study was conducted in fluoridated Newburgh and fluoride-deficient Kingston to determine the cost and time required to provide regular, periodic dental care for children during a 6-year period starting when the children were 5 and 6 years old. The study adds a new dimension to the benefits of water fluoridation. The cost of corrective dental care for children with lifelong exposure to fluoridated water is less than half the cost for children in a nonfluoridated area; the cost of incremental care is just about half. As a result of regular incremental care in both cities, there was no need to extract any permanent teeth. The chair time needed to provide examination, prophylaxis, and corrective care was about one and one half times more in the nonfluoridated area than in the fluoridated area. late Results the Monobloc
After Jaw Orthopedic’ Treatment Method of And&en-H&p1
According
to
Filip P&on Norslce Tannlaegeforen.
Tid.
80:
3.86~534,197O
In a special memorial number, published in honor of the centennial of the birth of Professor Viggo Andr&en, Palsson reports on the results of nine cases treated entirely according to the functional jaw orthopedic system of And&en and Hhupl. There were six cases of advanced postnormal occlusion, five of them belonging to Angle Class II, Division 1 and one to Class II, Division 2. Three of the cases were also complicated by advanced posterior cross-bites of several teeth. In four cases there was an overjet of 6.5, 14.5, 12, and 14.5 mm., respectively, and in five cases there was an overbite of 5, 12.5, 6, 7, 13, and 13 mm., respectively. In four of the overbite cases, there was an incipient gingival bite by the lower incisors lingually behind the upper incisors. In one case a central incisor was replanted by the patient’s mother 6 months before the patient began orthodontic treatment at the age of 11 years; this tooth had been knocked out when the child fell against a kitchen stove. In another case a second premolar tooth germ was accidentally extirpated when the corresponding deciduous molar had to be extracted because of purulent pulpitis 6 months