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Study of Urban Atmosphere Harmful Substances Adsorption into Cement
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 150 (2016) 1531 – 1535
International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2016
Study of Urban Atmosphere Harmful Substances Adsorption into Cement M.O. Tuzhikova,*, I.V. Tertishnikova, D.V. Azarovb a
Volgograd branch of the Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 63, 40 years VLKSM, Volgograd 400097, Russia b Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 1, Akademicheskaya st., Volgograd 400074, Russia
Abstract The ecological safety issues of building materials are the most important area nowadays. The impact of different substances and materials on human organism is the major point for emission control of building industry enterprises. One of the main factors can be building dust that could be presented as cement. For that purpose the qualitative and quantitative composition of samples and its adsorption capacity should be known. The article presents a comparative analysis of dust and cement. Quantitative characteristics of adsorption activity of different branded cements (CEM-I 42.5N, CEM-II/A-SH 42.5N, PC 500-D0-N) are shown. The impact of atmosphere humidity on static adsorption capacity of selected samples at specified temperature was estimated. © 2016 2016The TheAuthors. Authors. Published by Elsevier © Published by Elsevier Ltd. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016 Keywords: cement; adsorption; dust; harmful substances
1. Introduction It is known that solid dust particles can adsorb vapors and gases from atmosphere, including poisonous substances [1] that are different hydrocarbons. Increase of dust dispersion enhances adsorption capacity. Main danger presented by particles with size between 2.5 (PM2.5) and 10 micrometers (PM10) [2, 3]. Particles sized more than PM10 sink in the upper respiratory tract, and more dispersed ones penetrate lungs [4]. As usual dust particles at
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-8442-40-62-00; fax: +7-8442-40-69-29. E-mail address: [email protected]
1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.105
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M.O. Tuzhikov et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 (2016) 1531 – 1535
first impact on skin and mucous. Wherein they can penetrate pores of sweat glands and bung it preventing it functionality. In case of mucous it irritates. In case that particles consist of toxic substances than impact can be more harmful – from burns to high intoxication. Main danger has particles that penetrate deeper parts of the respiratory system. Such particles have size 2.5-10 PM and can be absorbed in big quantity and poison human organism. In case of consisting of aromatic substances that are carcinogens they can increase risk of cancer. According to the World Health Organization suspended dust particles, especially sized less than PM10 are assigned to the priority pollutants [5]. One of the main tasks of ecological safety in determination of dust composition. For controlling impacts of emissions of building industry industrial enterprises it is necessary to determine adsorption properties composition of particles. Thereby such studies are especially actual nowadays. In present there are a lot of publications that show dust dispersion [6-8] and its adsorption properties [9,10]. Dust can consist of volatile organics [11,12] depending on a place of its formation. Moreover some particles can hold heavier sub-stances for a long time and transfer them for a big areas. That’s why control of particle composition is required and actual in present. Study of cements (its composition is close to dust) has a great interest, because it is used everywhere. The most com-mon in the region of Volgograd is cement that produced by JSC “Sebriakovcement” branded CEM-I 42.5H (CEM1), CEM-II/A-SH 42.5H (CEM2) and retails PC 500-D0-H(500). That’s why that brands where used as research objects. 2. Comparative composition of dust and cements of chosen brands As it’s known dust is a small solid organic or mineral particles sized from portions of micron to 0.1 mm [13]. According to [14] atmosphere dust depending on a place consists of: Table 1. Chemical contents of atmosphere dust, %*. Area
SiO2
Fe2O3
FeO
Al2O3
CaO
MgO
Moscow region
72.4-76.3
3.3-5.6
0.1-0.2
8.5-10.8
0.9-1.9
1.1-1.3
Odessa region
68.0
-
-
14.0
4.0
2.0
Poltava region
82.6
2.4
0.1
7.3
1.25
0.7
* also it is up to 1% of organics Table 2. Chemical contents of cement samples, %. Sample
SiO2
Fe2O3
MgO
Al2O3
CaO
SO3
Na2O
K2 O
CEM1
21.47
4.24
1.47
4.28
64.34
2.41
0.29
0.54
CEM2
22.18
4.15
2.19
5.04
62.15
2.45
0.35
0.45
500
20.98
4.82
1.18
4.91
63.78
2.33
0.31
0.64
As its shown the main component is silicon dioxide. Its colloidal form is a sorbent with relatively high surface area that is used as food additive E-551 [15]. According to tables 1-2 cement samples has particularly the same oxides as atmospheric dust but in different percent composition. Table 3. Surface area of cements Sample
CEM1
CEM2
500
Surface area, m2/g
0.322
0.830
0.313
The main component is calcium oxide (quicklime), result of its impact can be severe burns, glassy swelling and acute hyperemia, conjunctivas [16]. Also the surface area of cement sample was established (table 3). The next stage was determination if cement dispersion.
M.O. Tuzhikov et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 (2016) 1531 – 1535
1533
Analysis results (fig. 1, table 3) show that particle sizes are from 1.19 PM to 300 PM and its surface area from 0.313 to 0.830 m2/g. In this way it is possible to say that selected research object has particularly the same composition as dust and hit the particle sizes of dust, so it could be used for next study.
Fig. 1. Cement dispersion.
3. Determination of adsorption capacity of cement Adsorption static capacity was studied with the desiccator method [17]. For the creation of specific humidity aqueous sulfuric acid solution was used [18]. Temperature and humidity were selected according to Building regulations [19] for the warm season of Volgograd region. Used method of adsorption research is not suitable for hydrophobic materials (cement is such material) but the task was to bring closer to real conditions, so this term was specially despised. Adsorption static capacity was determined by mass balance of material before and after exposure at a fixed concentration of adsorbate in air. Benzene was used as adsorbate. It’s an organic substance, the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used in industries, it’s toxic and carcinogenic. Desiccators with suitable humidity (40%, 50%, 60%) were loaded by cement and benzene. They were held in thermostatic cabinet at 20oC for 24h. After the exposure the absolute and relative increase in the weight of the cement samples were measured. For the determination of a proportionate amount of vaporized benzene exposure was carried out without cement. According to the results of experiments the adsorption isotherms were built. According to B.E.T. theory [20] from shown figures 2 it can be found that cement particles are porous solid, that are characterized by a final adsorption at vapor pressure approaching the saturation pressure, limiting the volume of the mesopores. As it could be suggested from fig. 2-4 at initial moments at low relative pressure of vapors polymolecular adsorption has place, and then here is irreversible volumetric filling by the mechanism of capillary condensation. This is clearly seen by an abrupt increase in each of the graphs. The fact of adsorption is confirmed by the full massrestoration of the samples after 24h desorption in empty desiccators. From built figures it can be concluded that an increase in air humidity decreases the amount of adsorbed benzene. Most likely it is connected with two processes. Firstly, part of the sorption volume fills with water, whereby the benzene molecules can no longer penetrate into the pores of the sorbent. Secondly, after the coating of surface with the first layer of adsorbed particles it is impossible further formation of layers of a mixture of adsorbates, the formation of which is similar to the condensation of adsorbed substances [21] as well as benzene and water are substances of different polarities. In [22] there were made similar conclusion, but for this purpose adsorbent was specially watered.
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In order to establish the fact that the cement on itself actually adsorbs benzene there were carried out similar experiments, except presence of a sulfuric acid solution to create a certain humidity inside the desiccator (fig. 3). As a result, it was found that the amount of adsorbed benzene was in the 2-3 times lower than with a benzene/water system. As its is known, the interaction of cement with water there is a formation of the hydrate compounds, almost insoluble in water [23], therefore, likely with increasing humidity here is observed the process of partial increase of benzene adsorption, because after desorption for 24h in the absence of humidity cement samples gain the same weight as before the exposure.
Fig. 2. Adsorption isotherms for (a) CEM1, (b) CEM2, (c) 500. T=20oC, IJ=24h.
Also it is worth mentioning that in accordance with the results obtained, samples CEM2 have greater value of adsorption, especially at lower pressure of the adsorbate in the system during the exposure than other brands of cement. This result was expected, since this brand of cement has a higher specific surface area (Table 3). Acknowledgements It is shown that samples CEM-I 42.5H, CEM-II/A-SH 42.5H, PC 500-D0-H in static conditions can adsorb vapors of benzene with water. It is found that polymolecular adsorption with further capillary condensation take place. Studies show that increase of air humidity decreases adsorption capacity.
M.O. Tuzhikov et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 (2016) 1531 – 1535
1535
Such researches can help to make conclusion that there should be strict control in the area of dust emissions at indus-trial enterprises building industry, because it can hold different toxic compounds, that in the future at penetration of human organism easily desorb and can cause severe poisoning. For a more detailed determination of the adsorption capacity of the cement and its further impact on human organism it is required appropriate research of cement samples having a certain size, in particular up to 10 microns Such studies make it possible to more accurately determine the harmfulness of pollution of the area of construction industry enterprises. Currently, research in this area continued. References [1] E.A. Rezchikov, Health and Safety, MGIU, Moscow, 2006. [2] V.N. Azarov, I.V. Tertishnikov, E.A. Kaluzhina, With estimates of concentrations finely dispersion drinking (PM10, PM2.5) in air, Vestnik VolgGasu, Ser. Stroitelstvo i architektura. 44 (2011) 402407. [3] N.U. Karapuzova, N.I. Chizhov, I.V. Tertishnikov, Research disperse composition of dust construction industries in solving health and environmental safety, Internet-vestnik VolgGASU, Polimaticheskaya seriya. 1 (2011). URL: http://vestnik.vgasu.ru/. [4] A.A. Chelnokov, Protection of labor: a textbook, Vissch. Shk., Minsk, 2011. [5] V.N. Azarov, I.V. Tertishnikov, N.A. Marinin, Rating of PM10 and PM2.5 as Social Standards of Life Quality in Areas of Building Industry Enterprises Location, Housing construction. 3 (2012) 2024. [6] Ch. Liu, A case study of Asian dust storm particles: Chemical composition, reactivity to SO2 and hygroscopic properties, Journal of Environmental Sciences. 24 (2012) 62–71. [7] H.-W. Kuo, Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in the air during a dust storm, Building and Environment. 45 (2010) 610614. [8] L. Tian, Mathematical model of particle penetration through smooth/rough building envelop leakages, Building and Environment. 44 (2009) 11441149. [9] M.H. Wu, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil and outdoor dust from a multi-functional area of Shanghai: Levels, compositional profiles and interrelation-ships, Chemosphere. 118 (2015) 87–95. [10] A.P. Daso, O.S. Fatoki, A review on sources of brominated flame retardants and routes of human exposure with emphasis on polybrominated diphenyl ethers, Environmental Reviews. 18 (2010) 239254. [11] M. Hyttinen, P. Pasanen, Adsorption and desorption of selected VOCs in dust collected on air filters, Atmospheric Environment. 35 (2001) 5709–5716. [12] S. Shi, B. Zhao, Estimating indoor semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) associated with settled dust by an integrated kinetic model accounting for aerosol dynamics, Atmospheric Environment. 107 (2015) 52–61. [13] V. Ptishenko, Only dust, dust, dust, Nauka i zhizn. 7 (2014) 5661. [14] V.P. Kovalenko, Pollution and purification of petroleum oils, Himiya, Moscow, 1978. [15] R. Ailer, Chemistry cremnosema, Mir, Moscow, 1982. [16] Y.M. Grushko, Harmful organic compounds, Himiya, Leningrad, 1979. [17] S.A. Andriyanceva, Express method for studying the adsorption of benzene ysotermi carbon hydrophobic materials, Sorbtsionnye i khromatograficheskie protsessy. 12 (2012) 114118. [18] GOST 24816-81, Construction Materials, Method for determination of moisture sorption, 1981. [19] SNiP 23-01-99, Building regulations: building climatology, 1999. [20] A.P. Karnauhov, Adsorpcija, The texture of dispersed and porous materials, Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1999. [21] V.S. Komarov, Scientific basis for the synthesis of adsorbents, Navuka, Minsk, 2013. [22] I.B. Kovaleva, E.A. Solovieva, Influence of humidity on the sorption kinetics of methane coal metetorfizma different stages, Gorny informatsionno-analiticheskiy byulleten. 8 (2004) 8385. [23] A.G. Domokeev, Construction Materials, Vissh. Shk., Moscow, 1989.
ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 150 (2016) 1531 – 1535
International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2016
Study of Urban Atmosphere Harmful Substances Adsorption into Cement M.O. Tuzhikova,*, I.V. Tertishnikova, D.V. Azarovb a
Volgograd branch of the Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 63, 40 years VLKSM, Volgograd 400097, Russia b Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 1, Akademicheskaya st., Volgograd 400074, Russia
Abstract The ecological safety issues of building materials are the most important area nowadays. The impact of different substances and materials on human organism is the major point for emission control of building industry enterprises. One of the main factors can be building dust that could be presented as cement. For that purpose the qualitative and quantitative composition of samples and its adsorption capacity should be known. The article presents a comparative analysis of dust and cement. Quantitative characteristics of adsorption activity of different branded cements (CEM-I 42.5N, CEM-II/A-SH 42.5N, PC 500-D0-N) are shown. The impact of atmosphere humidity on static adsorption capacity of selected samples at specified temperature was estimated. © 2016 2016The TheAuthors. Authors. Published by Elsevier © Published by Elsevier Ltd. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016 Keywords: cement; adsorption; dust; harmful substances
1. Introduction It is known that solid dust particles can adsorb vapors and gases from atmosphere, including poisonous substances [1] that are different hydrocarbons. Increase of dust dispersion enhances adsorption capacity. Main danger presented by particles with size between 2.5 (PM2.5) and 10 micrometers (PM10) [2, 3]. Particles sized more than PM10 sink in the upper respiratory tract, and more dispersed ones penetrate lungs [4]. As usual dust particles at
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-8442-40-62-00; fax: +7-8442-40-69-29. E-mail address: [email protected]
1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.105
1532
M.O. Tuzhikov et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 (2016) 1531 – 1535
first impact on skin and mucous. Wherein they can penetrate pores of sweat glands and bung it preventing it functionality. In case of mucous it irritates. In case that particles consist of toxic substances than impact can be more harmful – from burns to high intoxication. Main danger has particles that penetrate deeper parts of the respiratory system. Such particles have size 2.5-10 PM and can be absorbed in big quantity and poison human organism. In case of consisting of aromatic substances that are carcinogens they can increase risk of cancer. According to the World Health Organization suspended dust particles, especially sized less than PM10 are assigned to the priority pollutants [5]. One of the main tasks of ecological safety in determination of dust composition. For controlling impacts of emissions of building industry industrial enterprises it is necessary to determine adsorption properties composition of particles. Thereby such studies are especially actual nowadays. In present there are a lot of publications that show dust dispersion [6-8] and its adsorption properties [9,10]. Dust can consist of volatile organics [11,12] depending on a place of its formation. Moreover some particles can hold heavier sub-stances for a long time and transfer them for a big areas. That’s why control of particle composition is required and actual in present. Study of cements (its composition is close to dust) has a great interest, because it is used everywhere. The most com-mon in the region of Volgograd is cement that produced by JSC “Sebriakovcement” branded CEM-I 42.5H (CEM1), CEM-II/A-SH 42.5H (CEM2) and retails PC 500-D0-H(500). That’s why that brands where used as research objects. 2. Comparative composition of dust and cements of chosen brands As it’s known dust is a small solid organic or mineral particles sized from portions of micron to 0.1 mm [13]. According to [14] atmosphere dust depending on a place consists of: Table 1. Chemical contents of atmosphere dust, %*. Area
SiO2
Fe2O3
FeO
Al2O3
CaO
MgO
Moscow region
72.4-76.3
3.3-5.6
0.1-0.2
8.5-10.8
0.9-1.9
1.1-1.3
Odessa region
68.0
-
-
14.0
4.0
2.0
Poltava region
82.6
2.4
0.1
7.3
1.25
0.7
* also it is up to 1% of organics Table 2. Chemical contents of cement samples, %. Sample
SiO2
Fe2O3
MgO
Al2O3
CaO
SO3
Na2O
K2 O
CEM1
21.47
4.24
1.47
4.28
64.34
2.41
0.29
0.54
CEM2
22.18
4.15
2.19
5.04
62.15
2.45
0.35
0.45
500
20.98
4.82
1.18
4.91
63.78
2.33
0.31
0.64
As its shown the main component is silicon dioxide. Its colloidal form is a sorbent with relatively high surface area that is used as food additive E-551 [15]. According to tables 1-2 cement samples has particularly the same oxides as atmospheric dust but in different percent composition. Table 3. Surface area of cements Sample
CEM1
CEM2
500
Surface area, m2/g
0.322
0.830
0.313
The main component is calcium oxide (quicklime), result of its impact can be severe burns, glassy swelling and acute hyperemia, conjunctivas [16]. Also the surface area of cement sample was established (table 3). The next stage was determination if cement dispersion.
M.O. Tuzhikov et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 (2016) 1531 – 1535
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Analysis results (fig. 1, table 3) show that particle sizes are from 1.19 PM to 300 PM and its surface area from 0.313 to 0.830 m2/g. In this way it is possible to say that selected research object has particularly the same composition as dust and hit the particle sizes of dust, so it could be used for next study.
Fig. 1. Cement dispersion.
3. Determination of adsorption capacity of cement Adsorption static capacity was studied with the desiccator method [17]. For the creation of specific humidity aqueous sulfuric acid solution was used [18]. Temperature and humidity were selected according to Building regulations [19] for the warm season of Volgograd region. Used method of adsorption research is not suitable for hydrophobic materials (cement is such material) but the task was to bring closer to real conditions, so this term was specially despised. Adsorption static capacity was determined by mass balance of material before and after exposure at a fixed concentration of adsorbate in air. Benzene was used as adsorbate. It’s an organic substance, the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used in industries, it’s toxic and carcinogenic. Desiccators with suitable humidity (40%, 50%, 60%) were loaded by cement and benzene. They were held in thermostatic cabinet at 20oC for 24h. After the exposure the absolute and relative increase in the weight of the cement samples were measured. For the determination of a proportionate amount of vaporized benzene exposure was carried out without cement. According to the results of experiments the adsorption isotherms were built. According to B.E.T. theory [20] from shown figures 2 it can be found that cement particles are porous solid, that are characterized by a final adsorption at vapor pressure approaching the saturation pressure, limiting the volume of the mesopores. As it could be suggested from fig. 2-4 at initial moments at low relative pressure of vapors polymolecular adsorption has place, and then here is irreversible volumetric filling by the mechanism of capillary condensation. This is clearly seen by an abrupt increase in each of the graphs. The fact of adsorption is confirmed by the full massrestoration of the samples after 24h desorption in empty desiccators. From built figures it can be concluded that an increase in air humidity decreases the amount of adsorbed benzene. Most likely it is connected with two processes. Firstly, part of the sorption volume fills with water, whereby the benzene molecules can no longer penetrate into the pores of the sorbent. Secondly, after the coating of surface with the first layer of adsorbed particles it is impossible further formation of layers of a mixture of adsorbates, the formation of which is similar to the condensation of adsorbed substances [21] as well as benzene and water are substances of different polarities. In [22] there were made similar conclusion, but for this purpose adsorbent was specially watered.
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In order to establish the fact that the cement on itself actually adsorbs benzene there were carried out similar experiments, except presence of a sulfuric acid solution to create a certain humidity inside the desiccator (fig. 3). As a result, it was found that the amount of adsorbed benzene was in the 2-3 times lower than with a benzene/water system. As its is known, the interaction of cement with water there is a formation of the hydrate compounds, almost insoluble in water [23], therefore, likely with increasing humidity here is observed the process of partial increase of benzene adsorption, because after desorption for 24h in the absence of humidity cement samples gain the same weight as before the exposure.
Fig. 2. Adsorption isotherms for (a) CEM1, (b) CEM2, (c) 500. T=20oC, IJ=24h.
Also it is worth mentioning that in accordance with the results obtained, samples CEM2 have greater value of adsorption, especially at lower pressure of the adsorbate in the system during the exposure than other brands of cement. This result was expected, since this brand of cement has a higher specific surface area (Table 3). Acknowledgements It is shown that samples CEM-I 42.5H, CEM-II/A-SH 42.5H, PC 500-D0-H in static conditions can adsorb vapors of benzene with water. It is found that polymolecular adsorption with further capillary condensation take place. Studies show that increase of air humidity decreases adsorption capacity.
M.O. Tuzhikov et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 (2016) 1531 – 1535
1535
Such researches can help to make conclusion that there should be strict control in the area of dust emissions at indus-trial enterprises building industry, because it can hold different toxic compounds, that in the future at penetration of human organism easily desorb and can cause severe poisoning. For a more detailed determination of the adsorption capacity of the cement and its further impact on human organism it is required appropriate research of cement samples having a certain size, in particular up to 10 microns Such studies make it possible to more accurately determine the harmfulness of pollution of the area of construction industry enterprises. Currently, research in this area continued. References [1] E.A. Rezchikov, Health and Safety, MGIU, Moscow, 2006. [2] V.N. Azarov, I.V. Tertishnikov, E.A. Kaluzhina, With estimates of concentrations finely dispersion drinking (PM10, PM2.5) in air, Vestnik VolgGasu, Ser. Stroitelstvo i architektura. 44 (2011) 402407. [3] N.U. Karapuzova, N.I. Chizhov, I.V. Tertishnikov, Research disperse composition of dust construction industries in solving health and environmental safety, Internet-vestnik VolgGASU, Polimaticheskaya seriya. 1 (2011). URL: http://vestnik.vgasu.ru/. [4] A.A. Chelnokov, Protection of labor: a textbook, Vissch. Shk., Minsk, 2011. [5] V.N. Azarov, I.V. Tertishnikov, N.A. Marinin, Rating of PM10 and PM2.5 as Social Standards of Life Quality in Areas of Building Industry Enterprises Location, Housing construction. 3 (2012) 2024. [6] Ch. Liu, A case study of Asian dust storm particles: Chemical composition, reactivity to SO2 and hygroscopic properties, Journal of Environmental Sciences. 24 (2012) 62–71. [7] H.-W. Kuo, Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in the air during a dust storm, Building and Environment. 45 (2010) 610614. [8] L. Tian, Mathematical model of particle penetration through smooth/rough building envelop leakages, Building and Environment. 44 (2009) 11441149. [9] M.H. Wu, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil and outdoor dust from a multi-functional area of Shanghai: Levels, compositional profiles and interrelation-ships, Chemosphere. 118 (2015) 87–95. [10] A.P. Daso, O.S. Fatoki, A review on sources of brominated flame retardants and routes of human exposure with emphasis on polybrominated diphenyl ethers, Environmental Reviews. 18 (2010) 239254. [11] M. Hyttinen, P. Pasanen, Adsorption and desorption of selected VOCs in dust collected on air filters, Atmospheric Environment. 35 (2001) 5709–5716. [12] S. Shi, B. Zhao, Estimating indoor semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) associated with settled dust by an integrated kinetic model accounting for aerosol dynamics, Atmospheric Environment. 107 (2015) 52–61. [13] V. Ptishenko, Only dust, dust, dust, Nauka i zhizn. 7 (2014) 5661. [14] V.P. Kovalenko, Pollution and purification of petroleum oils, Himiya, Moscow, 1978. [15] R. Ailer, Chemistry cremnosema, Mir, Moscow, 1982. [16] Y.M. Grushko, Harmful organic compounds, Himiya, Leningrad, 1979. [17] S.A. Andriyanceva, Express method for studying the adsorption of benzene ysotermi carbon hydrophobic materials, Sorbtsionnye i khromatograficheskie protsessy. 12 (2012) 114118. [18] GOST 24816-81, Construction Materials, Method for determination of moisture sorption, 1981. [19] SNiP 23-01-99, Building regulations: building climatology, 1999. [20] A.P. Karnauhov, Adsorpcija, The texture of dispersed and porous materials, Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1999. [21] V.S. Komarov, Scientific basis for the synthesis of adsorbents, Navuka, Minsk, 2013. [22] I.B. Kovaleva, E.A. Solovieva, Influence of humidity on the sorption kinetics of methane coal metetorfizma different stages, Gorny informatsionno-analiticheskiy byulleten. 8 (2004) 8385. [23] A.G. Domokeev, Construction Materials, Vissh. Shk., Moscow, 1989.