Subjects

Index to Volume 4 Authors Allen, C.B., 113 Amos, L.K. 408 Andrews~ M.M., 430

Gormer, S.R., 381 Graves, J., 168 Grove, S.J., 192

Barrick, B., 366 Bartol, G.M., 453 Bellocq, J.A., 7, 76, 147, 236, 313 Bevis, M.E., 30 Billue, J.S., 241 Bloch, D., 398 Boland, M.L., 126 Brodie, B., 320 Bull, M.J., 415

Hardy, M.A., 205 Haussler, S., 74 Hechenberger, N.B., 279 Heinrich, J., 398 Higgs, Z.R., 113,422 Hilbert, G.A., 163 Hillestad, A., 302 Hinshaw, A.S., 398 Hohloch, F.F., 99 Holcomb, J.D., i31 Holloway, J.R., 113 Holzemer, W.L., 381 Huether, S.E., 373 Hughes, R.B., 289

Campaniello, J.A., 136 Carter, M.A., 9, 78, 149, 238, 315, 396 Chait, R., 223 Christ, M.A., 99 Clifford, J.C., 77 Conway, M.E., 5, 74, 218 Cook, S.S., 23 Coonrod, B.A., 55 Copp, L.A., 311, 393 Corcoran, S., 168, 242 Creswell, J.W., 45 Davis, A.J., 88 Dienemann, J.A., 126 Donius, M.A.H., 17 Dufault, M.A., 186 Durham, J.D., 233 Duxbury, M.L., 237

Jacobsen, L., 6 Jacobs-Kraemer, M.K., 373 Janken, J.K., 186 Jenkins, H.M., 126 Johnson, A.D., 302 Johnson, J.M., 302 Johnson, M., 92 Keenan, C., 329 Kirchoff, K.T., 30 Kjervik, D.K., 192 Knafl, K.A., 30 Krupa, K.C., 294

Eakes, G.G., 453 Elliot, J.E., 3 Fagin, C.M., 8, 395 Farrell, J., 145 Finelli, L., 23 Forker, J.E., 447

Lambert, C.E., Jr, 345 Lambert, V.A., 345 Langston, N.F., 45 Lenihan, A.A., 285 Lindsey, A.M., 71 Littlefield, V.M., 329 Lops, V.R., 402

Gardner, D., 92 Giovinco, G., 401 Glittenberg, J.E., 75, 146, 235,319, 400 Goldberg, E., 1

Maas, M., 92 McCloskey, J.C., 92 McKevitt, R., 302 McKinney, J., 55

Megel, M.E., 45 Meleis, A.I., 436 Melvin, N., 249 Merrill, L.J., 143 Monninger, E., 104 Mundinger, M.O., 10 Naylor, M.D., 268 Novak, J.C., 80 O'Dell, N., 55 Pettengill, M.M., 30 Quick, M.M., 294 Reed, P.G., 119 Rhea, M.H., 408 Rodgers, J.A., 314 Roscinski, D.D., 99 Rutherford, D.E., 339 Ryan, S.A., 148 Scearse, P.D., 79, 150, 239, 316, 397 Shannon, M.D., 399 Sherman, M.B., 268 Sise, C.B., 262 Skillman, L., 329 Small, S., 55 Smith, L.G., 60 Starck, P.L., 38 Stevenson, J.S., 152 Swanson, E.A., 356 TiIlotson, D., 302 Vancini, M., 302 Walker, P.H., 148 White, J.F., 178 Whitley, T.W., 294 Williams, C.A., 4, 73, 151,240, 317 Williams, W.E., 38 Yeaw, E.M.S., 186 Young-Mason, J., 299

Subjects Academic competence effect of D grade in nursing course work, 116 effect of F grade in ntirsing coursework, 117 factors related to student success, 115-117 factors related to nursing program noncompletion, 117 factors unrelated to student'success, 115

Journal of ProfessionalNursing,

faculty practice and, 23-29 identifying students at risk of difficulty, 113-118 nursing resource center and, 289-293 outcome variables predicting, 114 recommendations for BSN program admission criteria, 118

Vol 4, No 6 (November-December), 1988: pp 461-473

461

462 Academic fraud extent of student involvement in, 165 moral development in nursing students and, 163-167 Academic fraud policy effect on unethical student behaviors, 166, 167 Academic nurse administrator(s), see Administrator(s), academic Academic nurse-managed center(s) characteristics of, 423-425 cleintele of, 424 community issues related to development of, 425 faculty and student opportunities at, 424,425 review of literature on, 422 survey of, 422-429 university issues related to development of, 425,426 women's health clinic, 329-328 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome federal financial support on behalf of, 239 handicap status of persons with, 234 impact of nurses' attitudes on future research, 371 literature on, 79 policies essential for nursing schools, 233, 234 public policies on, 79 willingness of nurses to care for patients with, 366-372 Administration, nursing service components of program in, 95, 96 defining the study of, 94, 95 evoluation of current role, 92, 93 graduate programs in, 92-98 knowledge base of, 96, 97 personalizing the search process for, 302-307 Administration, school of nursing challenge for innovation, 148 effect of freedom of information rulings, 150 future of, 279-284 personalizing the search process for, 302-307 Administrator(s), academic as p l a n n e r s / o r g a n i z e r s / d e l e g a t o r s / e v a l u a t o r s , 283 evaluation of applicants for, 306 future planning for baccalaureate programs, 250 influence of expectations of faculty performance, 276 leadership qualities in, 223-229 mentored v nonmentored, 184 providing positive work environment for faculty, 278 role of mentoring in career development of, 178-185 Administrator(s), hospital liability for short staffing, 76 use of nursing consultants by, 339-344 Administrators(s), hospital starting precepting program, 18, 19 Advanced Nurse Education Grants, 3 Advocacy, patient assisting patients to determine meaning, 247 assuring relevant information, 243 concept of, 242, 243 decidion theory model, 243-245 differentiating chance events and outcomes, 244 disclosing the nurse's view, 246 enabling patients to select information, 245 example of decision tree for choosing treatment, 244 helping patients determine their own values, 246

SUBJECT INDEX

need for communication with colleagues, 246 operationalizing the nurse's role in, 242-248 Agency(ies), nursing types of for faculty practice, 27 AIDS, see Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Allied health doctoral programs in education/administration, 131-135 follow-up of RN graduates of doctoral programs in, 131-135 Alumnae, nursing attitudes/experiences of and giving behavior, 356-365 contributions to private v public institutions, 359-364 recommendations for increasing contributions from, 364 American Academy of Nursing (AAN) forums oh priorities for nursing research agenda, 153 American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Generic Baccalaureate Nursing Data P~oject update, 270 keynote address on doctoral education (2/88), 436-446 position on registered care technologists, 311, 312 study of desired skills of BSN nurses, 99-103 American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACCN) master plan for hypoxemia, 155 American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA), 1 American Association of Nurse Executives (AONE) relations with American Hospital Association, 1 research priorities of, 97 American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) qualifications for midwifery practice, 402-407. American Hospital Association (AHA) and American organization of Nurses Executives, 1 American Medical Association (AMA) proposal for registered care technologists, 311, 312 American Nurses' Association (ANA) chemically dependent student policy, 401 Committee on Long-term Goals, 208 evolution of educational funding policy, 206-217 main support for baccalaureate programs (1959-1969), 209-212 moral conviction in Social Policy Statement, 75 position on registered care technologists, 311 Social Policy Statement, 153 Special Committee on Federal Legislation, 208 support for all education programs (1952-1959), 206-209 support for all types of education (1970-1972), 212-214 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) credentialling of nurse-anesthetists and, 143-144 Anesthesia nursing as an advanced nursing specialty, 143 Anesthetist(s), nurse conference on advanced nursing specialty, 143 cost of malpractice insurance for, 408 education for preparation of, 143 traineeships, 68 Associate degree nurse(s) inclusion in profession for political reasons, 237 Association of Academic Health Centers (AAHC) position on registered care technologists, 312

SUBJECT INDEX

Autonomy family nurse practitioner role of, 111 principle of in maternal rights v fetal rights, 263, 264 role of nurses in health care system, 1 Baccalaureate program(s) acceptance of at-risk students, 113 adequacy of 2-year upper division curriculum, 74 comparative analysis of instructional costs, 249-261 current initiatives to attract quality students, 268-273 curricular concerns for teaching nursing theory, 373-380 data collection tools in, 99-103 effect of declining applicant quantity/quality, 113 preparation for international nursing in, 431 recommendations for admission criteria, 118 student screening measures used most often, 102 students at risk for NCLEX failure in, 55-59 students' awareness of assessment tools, 103 unethical behavior in students in, 163-167 Baccalaureate-prepared nurse(s) desired skills/values, 99-103 predicted shortage of, 113 See also Nurse(s) Baylor College of Medicine Center for Allied Health Professions, 131 follow-up of RN graduate of doctoral programs at, 131-135 Behrhorst program primary health care model in Guatemala, 400 Bem Inventory, 137 Beth Israel Hospital (Boston) Paperchase information system, 169 Biogenetics implications for nursing in 21st century, 71 Career development counseling students for research careers, 399 importance of mentor to, 183 mentoring role in academic administrators' success, 178-185 postdoctoral programs for nurse-scientists, 73 professional career path of doctorates, 119, 120 research productivity in early postdoctoral years, 119-125 role conflicts when nurses return to school, 136-140 Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, 137 Certified nurse midwife(ives), see Midwife(ives), nurse Chemical dependence dealing with students with, 401 Child care role of federal government in, 397 Civil Rights Restoration Act election year maneuvering and, 316 Clemson University nursing resource center and academic success, 289-293 Clinical nurse researcher(s) role in bridging reseai'ch-practice gap, 326 survey of, 30-37 Clinical practice archetypal guides for, 300 assisting a patient in decision making, 243

463 creativity in, 238 dilemmas in providing complex care, 78 effect on of nurses' attitudes on psychosomatics, 453-457 example of decision tree for choosing treatment, 244 gap between nursing research and, 320-328 geriatric nursing, 9 home treatment of pediatric diarrhea/dehydration, 60-63 identification of self-care behaviors in elderly, 285-288 impact of research roundtables on, 190 influence of DRGs on discharge planning, 415-421 information system for clinical decision support, 171-174 informed consent and nurse's role in, 88-91 nursing for victims of torture, 6 nursing problems v medical problems, 187 operationalizing a patient advocacy role, 242-248 opportunity from adversity, 315 pertinence of tort and contract law, 193 responsibilities in caring for pregnant women, 266 unethical behavior of students in clinical setting, 165, 166 willingness of nurses to care for AIDS patients, 366-372 See also Service, nursing Collaboration in research interdisciplinary, 158, 159 international, 160 interorganizational, 159 roundtables increase student/staff nurse awareness, 191 Columbia University School of Nursing faculty practice plan, 23-29 precepting program, 17-22 revitalization efforts at, 10-16 Committee on Costs of Medical Care 1932 report on public funding of nursing education, 205 Communication practicing faculty/other faculty/student, 28 Community health nursing county clinics as site for clinical practicum, 448,449 county health department clinical practicum site, 449 dollar value of, 43 geriatric nursing facilty as practicum site, 449 home treatment for pediatric diarrhea/dehydration, 60-63 integration with mental health clinical practicum, 447-452 Compassion Phil&tetan message of, 299-301 Computer(s) computer-assisted instruction (Nursestar), 292 training faculty to use computer-aided instruction, 340, 341 use of consultants to train faculty in use of, 340, 341 See also Information system(s) Consent as a defense to technical battery, 200, 201 as a defense to negligent treatment, 201, 202 differences from power, 193 evaluation by subjective test, 202, 203 evaluation by a modified objective test, 203

464 four basic dements of, 193 legal meaning of in unequal power relationships, 192-204 proposed legal model of, 202, 203 See also Informed consent Consultant(s), nurse analysis of literature on, 339-344 coordinator between VA hospital and community, 341, 342 doctoral program quality control by team of, 445 emergency department consultant role, 342, 343 finding the right one, 344 gerontological nurse specialist role, 342 modes of intervention by, 340 operating room consultant role, 342 psychiatric nurse consultant in a burn unit, 343 Consultation Analysis of literature on nursing, 339-344 Blake and Mouton's consulcube, 339, 340 factors that effect successful, 344 Corporate nurse executive(s) definition of, 92 Cost analysis of baccalaureate programs administrators' view of influence of variables, 256 comparative analysis of three programs, 249-261 decision factors, 251 definition of faculty salaries for, 252 environmental factors, 251 indirect instructional costs, 252 recommendations when doing, 252 student credit hour v contact hour basis, 251 suggestions for use of, 260 variations among institutions, 255-260 volume factors, 251 Creativity in professional practice, 238 Curriculum academic nurse-managed centers and, 427 adequacy of 2-year upper division baccalaureate, 74 community site for mental health nursing practicum, 447-452 components of an international nursing program, 434, 435 computer-assisted instruction, 340, 341 controversy over undergraduate specialization, 241 ethical content of, 167 guideliens for teaching nursing theory, 376, 377 implications of AIDS concerns for, 234 incorporation of international nursing into, 431 preceptorship in leadership, 19, 20 preceptorship in foundations, 20, 21 teaching nursing theory, 373-380 use of Socratic play to teach compassion, 299-301 Curriculum design Columbia University, 10-16 Data collection combined screening measures to evaluate BSNs, 102 developmental, screening measures to evaluate BSNrs, 100 for study of scholarly productivity, 47, 48 for study of clinical'nurse researchers, 32, 33 functional screening measures to evaluate BSNs, 101

SUBJECT INDEX

interacting with subjects, 33-34 opinions on standardization, 102 organizational climate index, 275 physical screening measures to evaluate BSNs, 101, 102 psychological screening measures to evaluate BSNs, 100, 101 qualitative and quantitative approaches, 30-37 standardization v flexibility, 33 tools for in baccalaureate programs, 99-103 Database(s), see Information system(s) Dean(s) changing role of, 283 developments initiated due to insurance changes, 412 leadership qualities in, 223-229 need for strategic and data-based planning by, 281 perception of factors influencing enrollments, 271 perception of effective student recruiting methods, 272 perception of effective recruiting program options, 272 role in keeping their institution visible, 283 See also Leadership Deatll changing attitudes about, 313 Decision tree use in operationalizing patient advocacy model, 245 Defining Issues Test, 164 Dehydration educational program for homeless parents, 60-63 home treatment for pediatric diarrhea and, 60-63 review of literature on treatment, 61 Denmark Research Center for Torture Victims, 6 Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) effect on clinical nursing research, 326 impact on health care system, 72 impact on nursing education administration, 279 influence on discharge planning and patient care, 415-421 Diarrhea educational program for homeless parents, 60-63 home treatment for pediatric dehydration and, 60-63 review of literature on treatment, 61 Discharge planning impact of DRGs on, 415-421 Division of Nursing (DHHS) addressing the nursing shortage, 240 contract for elderly self-care assessment tool, 286 grant programs, 3, 68 Doctoral program(s) controversy over types of doctoral degrees, 131 differences between DNS and PhD degrees, 440 evaluation of Nursing Research Emphasis/Grants for, 381-386 follow-up of allied health education graduates, 131-135 follow-up of aministration graduates, 131-135 history of DNS program, 439 impact of research in on patient care, 320-328 in nursing bridging research-practice gap, 324 methodologic oppression in, 442,443 nursing service administration, 92-98 phrasing out the DNS degree, 440-442 preparation for international nursing in, 433 present and future of, 436-446

SUBJECT INDEX

professional v research degrees, 438-442 quality control criteria for, 444,445 quality indicators for, 442-444 societal trends likely to influence, 437 Doctorally prepared nurse(s) career path of, 119, 120 current estimate of, 152 differentiating between DNS and PhD doctorates, 441 future need for, 437 postdoctoral programs and career development of, 73 promoting .research productivity postdoctorally, 119-125 Economic issues, see Financial issues Education academic assistance for at-risk students, 289 addressing the nursing shortage, 240 adequacy of 2-year upper division curriculum, 74 admission selection criteria and NCLEX performance, 56 AIDS information for professional nursing students, 79 benefits of faculty practice plan to, 317 changing pool of candidates for, 145 community site for mental health nursing practicum, 447-452 comparative analysis of BSN instructional costs, 249-261 concept of colleagueship, 318 current initiatives to attract quality students, 268-273 curriculum design, 10-16 data collection tools in baccalaureate programs, 99-103 diarrhea/dehydration program for homeless parents, 60-63 evolution of ANA policy on funding for, 205-217 faculty practice as unifier of nursing service and, 345-355 future of nursing education administration, 279-284 history of medical, 320-322 home treatment of pediatric diarrhea/dehydration, 60-63 impact of insurance industry changes on, 408-414 leadership in, 223-229 life-long learning concept, 241 moral development/unethical behavior in students, 163-167 need for doctorally prepared faculty, 131 nurse practitioner programs, 111 nursing grades as predictors of success on NCLEX, 294-298 nursing resource center and academic success, 289-293 nursing service administration graduate programs, 92-98 opportunity in adversity, 5 Philoctetean message of compassion and, 299-301 postdoctoral clinical nurse-scholars program, 158 precepting programs at Columbia University, 17-22 predictors of success on NCLEX, 55-59 preparation for international nursing, 430-435 professional nurses return to school, 136-140 recruitment for administrative and research jobs, 302-307 research preparation at master's level, 151

465 teaching nursing theory, 373-380 US responsibility for foreign nursing students, 146 value of to economic growth, 40 Educational Testing Service (ETS) quality of nursing school applicant pool, 269 Educator(s), nurse, see Nurse educator(s) Ethical issues AIDS policies for nursing schools, 233, 234 documentation needed before student dismissal, 236 Gadow's model of ethical decision making, 247 health care for AIDS patients, 79 living wills, 7 maternal rights v fetal interests, 262-267 moral development/unethical behavior in students, 163-167 operationalizing a patient advocacy role, 242-248 rights to privacy v duty to report, 150 student rights before expulsion or dismissal, 147 willingness of nurses to care for AIDs patients, 366-372 Executive(s), nurse, see Nurse executive(s) Faculty issues clinical compentence and faculty practice, 28 commitments required for nurse-managed center, 426, 427 counseling students for research careers, 399 documentation needed before student dismissal, 236 enforcing an academic fraud policy, 167 freedom of expression, 277 integration of practice/education/research roles, 330 moderating student/staff nurse research roundtable, 188, 189 opportunities due to student shortage, 5 perceived standards for personal achievement, 276 perceptions of organizational climate, 274-278 performance criteria for merit pay, 126-130 qualifications for teaching in doctoral programs, 439, 440 required participation in faculty practice, 27 research productivity in early postdoctoral years, 119-125 research productivity in new faculty, 119-125 scholarly productivity, 45-54 teaching/practice ratios, 26 tenure and recognition of clinical work, 28 tool to evaluate performance, 126-130 See also Faculty practice; Faculty research Faculty practice advantages/disadvantages, 25 assumptions about, 24 at academic nurse-managed women's health clinic, 329-338 benefits of faculty practice plans, 317 Columbia Univ~'sity plan, 12-15, 23-29 Columbia University's precepting program, 17-22 evaluation of, 27, 28 examples of, 27 link with knowledge development, 317 rationale for, 24, 25 role of administration in, 26 role of director of, 26 Statement of Belief Regarding (1979), 345, 346

466 strategies for implementation of, 23-29 survey of academic nurse-managed centers, 422-429 time frame for adoption of plan, 26 unifier of nursing education and service, 345-355 See also Women's health clinic, nurse-managed Faculty research impact of faculty practice on, 25 opportunities due to student shortage, 5 survey of scholarly productivity, 45-54 Family nurse practitioner(s) competency scores of, 107 conceptual framework of motivation study of, 105 data analysis in study of, 106 description of study of, 105 educational background of, 107 methods of study of, 106 practice environment of, 107-108 ranking of competencies of, 108 relationship of competency to motivational factors, 104-112 role autonomy of, 111 study of in primary care nursing model, 104-112 See also Nurse practitioner(s) Family nursing research on, 157 Federal government commitment to nursing, 3 commitment to infernational health, 319 declining financial support for undergraduates, 249 evoluation of nursing education funding policies, 209-217 role in child care, 397 See also Division of Nursing (DHHS) Fetus(es) legal status of, 262 maternal rights v fetal interests 262-267 new status as a patient apart from the mother, 263 state interest in viable life, 262 Financial issues analysis of federal education funding since 1977, 215 assumptions underlying economic analysis, 39 comparative analysis of BSN instructional costs, 249-261 compensation for faculty practice, 26 cost containment of health care spending, 85 costs of nursing education, 38-44 costs of nurse-managed academic health clinic, 336 development of academic nurse-managed centers, 428 earning power of nurses, 72 economic benefits of preceptor program, 21, 22 educational grants, 3, 68 effect of lower student/clinical faculty ratio, 250 evaluation of doctoral research grant program, 381-386 evolution of ANA policy on education funding, 205-217 giving behavior of nursing alumnae, 356-365 high costs of.precepting programs, 17 impact of nursing school on local/state economy, 38-44 impact of insurance industry changes on education, 408-414 increasing educational costs, 11 low enrollment courses/majors, 12

SUBJECT INDEX

minimum wage increase effect on students, 316 national health insuracne, 239 nursing as a cost-containment tool, 280 performance criteria for merit pay, 126-130 value of nursing education to economic growth, 40 See also Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) Freedom of Information Act, 150 Frontier Nursing Service early history of, 83 Future of nursing geriatric nurse practitioners, 280 of nursing education administration, 279-284 role of nurse practitioners, 104 strategies to fulfill research commitment, 326, 327 strengths and challenges in 21st century, 71, 72 See also Twenty-first century George Mason University developing performance criteria for merit pay at, 126-130 Geriatric nursing critical elements of, 9 gerontological nurse specialist as consultant, 342 identification of self-care behaviors, 285-288 nursing assessment tool for self-care practices, 285-288 Grade point average (GPA) cumulative nursing and NCLEX scroes, 57, 58 cumulative overall and NCLEX scores, 57, 58 effect of an F grade in nursing course work, 117 effect of D grade in nursing course work, 116 factors related to lower nursing GPA, 116 nursing clinical and effect on NCLEX scores, 57, 58 nursing theory and effect on NCLEX scores, 57, 58 prediction NCLEX success with nursing grades, 294-298 prenursing and effect on NCLEX scores, 57, 59 risk factor for academic difficulty in BSN program, 115 unethical classroom behaviors and, 166 Graduate degree program(s) anesthesia nursing, 143-144 Columbia University, 10-16 curricular concerns for teaching nursing theory, 373-380 effects of malpractice insurance industry changes, 413 enrollment trends in, 268, 269 in women's health care, 329-338 nursing service administration, 92-98 See also Master's programs; Doctoral programs Grants, educational, see Financial issues Guatemala Behrhorst program as model for primary health care, 400 Health care effect of faculty practice on quality of, 25 empirically based v scientifically innovative, 327 management job titles and roles, 91 nurse-managed, 329-338 Health care system autonomous role of nurses in, 1 challenges of for nursing service administrators, 93

SUBJECT INDEX

controversy about registered care technologists, 311, 312 cost effectiveness of nurse practitioners to, 280 effect of nursing school faculty practice on, 25 effect of DRGs on, 72 projected demand of for quality graduates, 270 Health Data Sciences Corp HDS information system, 169 Health p[omotion federal mandate for, 85, 86 Florence Nightingale's views on, 80, 81 nursing's heritage and current priorities, 85 research on, 156 role of social mandate for nursing role, in, 80-87 v disease-oriented health care system, 86 Health science center(s) impact on state/local economy, 38-44 mermeneutics approach to holism in research, 154, 155 Hilbert Unethical Behavior Survey, 164 History of nursing ANA policy for nursing education funding, 205-217 Civil War's effect on nursing, 323 development of nursing as a profession, 322-325 effect of New Deal on qual.ity of nursing schools, 205, 206 effect of the depression on nursing care, 84 establishment of Tri-Council for Nursing, 215 evolution of midwifery, 402-407 Florence Nightingale's views on health promotion, 80, 81 Health Manpower Act of 1968, 210 initiation of Nurse Training Act in 1964, 209 knowledge development, 152-162 Lemuel Shattuck, father of public health, 81 medicine at the turn of the century, 320-322 military nursing corps in World War I, 83 nursing education funding (1952-1972), 205-217 post-World War II move of education into academia, 323, 324 social mandate role in health promotion, 80-87 social philanthropists' role in 19th century, 81 support for hospital-based education, 207 Surgeon General's Consultant Group report (1963), 210 World Health Organization from 1948-1988, 235 World Health Organization 1975 report on self-care, 286 World War II effect on public funding for schools, 206 World War I effect on health promotion, 83 Holism philosophical base in nursing research, 154 Homosexuality attitudes of nurses toward AIDs patients, 366-372 Hospital(s) communication between community and VA, 341, 342 consultant's role as communication coordinator at, 341, 342 emergency department nurse consultant role, 342, 343 lack of consumer confidence in, 281 liability for shortstaffing, 76 nursing as a cost-containment tool, 280 operating room nurse consultant role, 342

467 percentage of vacant nursing jobs, 270 problems with hospiral-based education (to 1928), 205 psychiatric nurse consultants for burn unit, 343 research roundtables, 186-191 starting a precepting program with, 18, 19 Houston, Texas impact of University of Texas nursing school on economy, 38-44 Human immunodeficiency virus, see Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Inequality power bases for, 192 proposed legal model of, 202, 203 Information system(s) ARKS system, 170 conceptual and practice elements, 168-177 current status of, 168-171 flow of information model, 171-174 HDS system, 169 HELP system, 169 IAIMS system, 169, 170 nurse participation in design of, 168 Odyssey system, 170 Paperchase system, 169 QEID system, 170 Roundsman system, 170 Informed consent clinical nurse's role in obtaining, 88-91 elements of, 89,90 helping patients understand the form, 90 inclusion of patient's significant others in, 90 prior patient preparation for, 89 timing of request for consent, 90 Insurance impact of industry changes on nursing education, 408-414 national health insurance as political issue, 239 problems of cost of professional liability, 316 Intercollegiate Center for Nursing Education academic nurse-managed center at, 422 study identifying students at risk of failure, 113-118 International nursing Behrhorst program in Guatemala, 400 conceptual components of program in, 434,435 crosscultural nursing research, 157 educational preparation for, 430-435 effect of poverty on, 75 for victims of torture, 6 nurse~' moral convictions, 75 potential for international nursing corps, 146 research networking with other countries, 160 responsibilities for international education, 146 specialization in, 431 studies on educational preparation for, 430 US commitment to international health, 319 World Health Organization history, 235 International Rehabilitation and Research Center for Torture Victims, 6 Interviewing (research) guidelines for, 31-32 interviewer bias, 35

468 subject/interviewer interaction, 33-34 telephone interviews, 35 Jenkins Activity Survey impact on NCLEX scores, 57, 59

Journal of ProfessionalNursing characteristics of a quality journal, 393, 394 Knovcledge development curricular concerns for teaching nursing theory, 373.-380 effect of increase in on educational requirements, 250 evolving clinical nursing research priorities, 398 information systems for, 168-177 link with faculty practice, 317 strategic plans for, 152-162 Latter Day Saints Hospital (Salt Lake City) HELP information system, 169 Law of contracts capacity in, 194 consent in, 193-196 doctrine of undue influence, 195 doctrines of material mistake and fraud, 195, 196 knowledge and, 195, 196 public policy and, 196 volition in, 194, 195 Law of torts capacity to consent, 197 consent in, 196-202 knowledge and appreciation of danger, 197, 198 loss of physical integrity, 196 medical malpractice, 200 public policy limitations on, 198 sadomasochistic relations cases, 199 sexual contact cases, 198-200 special cases in, 198-202 volition in, 197 Leadership challenge for innovation, 148 commitment v spirit, 284 cultivation of, 225, 226 development of.organizational vision, 223, 224 encouragement of risks, 226, 227 five critical functions leaders must fulfill, 209-228 managing the enterprise, 228 motivating staff by having high expectations, 276 need for to improve image of nursing profession, 237 shaping of values and culture, 224, 225 styles of, 223 Legal issues AIDS policies for nursing schools, 233, 234 changing attitudes about death, 313 consent in unequal power relationships, 192-204 dealing with chemically impaired students, 401 documentation needed for student dismissal, 236 ethical exchange of information, 150 forced medical treatment of pregnant women, 263 liability for short staffing, 76 living wills, 7 moral perspective of control over maternal rights, 263-265

SUBJECT INDEX

prenatal injury suits, 262 prenatal liability and fetal neglect, 263 principle of autonomy in maternal rights, 263, 264 private harm principle, 264 public harm principle, 264 student rights before expulsion or dismissal, 147 See also Law of contracts; Law of Torts Literature characteristics of a quality journal, 393, 394 use in moral behavior of health care study, 299-301 Literature Analysis, Inc QEID information system, 170 Living wills, 7 Malpractice, medical law of torts and, 200 reform laws recently enacted, 408,409 Master's degree programs anesthesia nursing, 143-144 anesthesia nursing at University of North Dakota, 144 conceptual components of international nursing in, 432, 433 nursing service administration, 92-98 preparation for research, 151 preparation for international nursing in, 431,432 Master's-prepared nurse(s) as entry level to profession, 1-2 predicted shortages of, 113 preparation for research, 151 study of nurses' role in informed consent, 88-91 Maternal-child nursing effect of recent medical developments, 263 maternal rights v fetal interests, 262-267 social/moral/legal implications, 265, 266 Mentoring beneficial personality characteristics of mentors, 183 characteristics of study sample, 180 definition of terms, 180 dimensions of mentoring process, 181, 182 female/female v cross-gender, 185 general perceptions of, 183, 184 initiation of, 182 literature review of role in career development, 178-180 mentor-prot~g~ relationship, 180, 181 methods of study on, 180 negative behaviors experienced in, 182 research questions about, 180 role of in career success of academic administrator, 178-185 v precepting, 17 Merit pay activity categories for evaluation of, 129 advantages and disadvantage of, 129, 130 consolidation and acceptance by faculty of, 128, 129 definition of domains for evaluation criteria for, 126, 127 desirable characteristics for evaluation tool for, 127 developing performance criteria for faculty, 126-130 development of tool for evaluation for, 127, 128 system of calculation of points for, 130 Midwife, nurse definition of, 402

SUBJECT INDEX

duties of, 405,406 educational preparation of, 405 evolution of role of, 402-407 program grants for, 3 Midwifery cost-effectiveness of, 405 history of, 402-405 impact of malpractice insurance crisis on, 408 legal basis for practice, 406 Model of Motivated Behavior in Primary Care, 104-112 Moral development definition of, 164 unethical behavior in nursing students and, 163-167 Mosby Assess Test as preparation for NCLEX, 292 predictor of success on NCLEX, 57, 58 Motivation model of motivated behavior in primary care, 104-112 theory of, 105 National Association of College and University Business Officers cost behavior analysis proposed by, 251 National Center for Higher Education Management Systems cost behavior analysis proposed by, 251 National Center for Nursing Research evolution of National Nursing Research Agenda, 398 research career development opportunities, 158 social mandate to develop nursing knowledge base, 160, 161 start of"Era II" of nursing knowledge, 152 National Council for International Health concern for stronger US commitment, 319 National Council Licensing Examination (NCLEX) computer-assisted instruction (Nursestar) for, 292 literature review of success predictors, 56, 294-295 methods of study of nursing grades' effect on, 295 Mosby Assess Test as preparation for, 292 nursing resource center prepares students for, 289, 290 operational definitions of predictors of success, 56, 57 predicting success using nursing grades, 294-298 predictors of success on, 55-59 strategies for students at risk of failure on, 59 student course grades used to predict success on, 295 study methodology for predictors of success, 57 use of study results to assess curriculum, 297 National Institute on Aging collaboration on self-care in elderly contract, 286 National Institutes of Health health promotion and establishment of, 85 National League for Nursing (NLN) Council of Baccalaureate and Higher Degree Program, 143 early position on hospital v collegiate schools, 207 National League of Nursing Education federal nursing education funding policy (to 1940), 207 National Nursing Research Agenda objectives and evolution of, 398 National Secretary's Award for Innovations in Health Promotion award-winning student paper, 60-63

469 National Technical Information Service (NTIS) annotated bibliography on self-care, 288 self-care assessment tool and training manual, 288 Nightingale, Florence Notes on Nursing essay, 153 role in elevation of nursing as a profession, 322, 323 views on health promotion, 80, 81 Nurse administrator(s) definition of, 92 Nurse Anesthetist Traineeships, 68 Nurse educator(s) concern about unethical student behaviors, 166 responsibility to nursing profession, 1-2 work environment in top-ranked schools, 277 See also Administration; Dean(s) Nurse executive(s) benefits of laughter, 314 challenge for innovation, 148 definition of, 92 implementation of primary nursing, 77 interface situations, 8, 395 mentoring role in academic administrators' success, 178-185 role in establishing nursing as a profession, 237 sample research interview questions, 32 staffing responsibiliteis of, 1 Nurse midwife, see Midwife, nurse Nurse Practitioner and Nurse-Midwifery Program Grants, 3 Nurse practitioner(s) as nurses of the future, 104 benefits of to cost-conscious health care system, 280 costs of malpractice insurance for, 408 evolving role of, 85 program grants for, 3 working relationship with RNs, 110 See also Family nurse practitioner(s) Nurse Training Act initiation of in 1964, 209 Nurse(s) addressing the shortage of, 240 attitudes toward the term "psychosomatic," 453-457 competition among nurses in future, 281 consent in the nurse/patient relationship, 192 creativity in decision making, 238 dilemmas in providing complex care, 78 fear of research, 187, 189 forms of active involvement in consent process, 90, 91 giving behavior of nursing alumnae, 356-365 involsrement in design of information systems, 176 legitimacy of being a novice, 318 liability for malpractice, 200 liability for short staffing, 76 life-long learning as a personal goal, 241 minorities, 145 moral conviction of and international nursing, 75 operationalizing a patient advocacy role, 242-248 role in obtaining informed consent, 88-91 shortage v surplus, 1 staff awareness of resesarch/practice relevancy, 186-191 studies on mentoring among, 179 television image of, 396

470

Nurses' Coalition for Legislative Action, 215 Nursestar computer-assisted instruction, 292 Nursing Organization Liaison Forum, 215 Nursing Research Emphasis/Grants for Doctoral Programs in Nursing program evaluation of from 1979 to 1984, 381-386 Organizational climate comparison of five top-ranked schools, 275 development press v control press, 275 factor"in selecting employment, 277 faculty perceptions of at top-ranked schools, 274-278 role of administrator in creating, 274 survey instrument for faculty perceptions of, 275 Patient rights autonomy in health care, 243 concepts of self-determination, 201 informed consent and nurse's role in obtaining, 88-91 legal meaning of informed consent, 192-204 maternal rights v fetal interests, 262-267 moral right v obligation to seek information, 245 nurses's role as advocate for, 91 nurses' role as advocate, 242-248 public attitudes about rights to die, 313 See a h o Advocacy Patient(s) acceptability of academic nurse-managed centers to, 427,428 power inequities in relationships with nurses, 192 Pattern development approach to holism in research, 154 Pediatric nursing home treatment ofdiarrhea/dehydration, 60-63 program for homeless parents, 60-63 national health goals for, 153 Philoctetes introduction to themes of, 300 Socratic play's significance to modern nursing, 299-301 Physician(s) changing attitudes about death, 313 communication with and patient advocate role, 246 deteriorating nurse-physician relationship, 311 exposure to tort liability, 200 lack of consumer confidence in, 281 malpractice law and, 200 power in relationships with nurses and patients, 192 Political issues critical nursing issues in presidential election, 239 election year maneuvering, 316 federal government's role in child care, 397 Postbaccalaureate Faculty Fellowship Grants, 68 Postdoctoral nurse(s) as new faculty members, 119-125 career path of, 119, 120 contextual-dialectic postdoctoral principle, 120 multidimensionality principle of postdoctoral life, 123 professional development phases of, 120 promoting research activity in, 119-125 rhythmicity principle of postdoctoral phase, 120 unidirectionality principle of postdoctoral life, 122, 123

SUBJECTINDEX

Postdoctoral program(s) career development of nurse-scientists and, 73 clinical nurse-scholars program, 158 funding for, 158 Power legal meaning of consent in unequal relationships, 192-204 Practice clinical, see Clinical practice faculty, see Faculty practice professionals model of primary care nursing, 77 Practitioner(s), nurse, see Nurse practitioner(s) Precepting, clinical, 12 first semester (foundations) program, 18, 20 fourth semester (leadership) program, 19-20 Columbia "University's program, 17-22 economic benefits of program, 21, 22 Primary nursing care at academic nurse-managed centers; 424 Behrorst program in Guatemala as model for, 400 competencies used in, 109 environmental constraints and supportive factors, 109 model of motivated behavior in, 104-112 professional practice model, 77 role parameters for, 109 strategy and goals of, 235 see also Family nurse practitioner Professional issues adequacy of 2-year upper division curriculum, 74 creativity in practice decision making, 238 damage of television image of nurses, 396 dilemmas in providing complex care, 78 occupation v profession, 1-2 power and prestige deserved by nurses, 149 primary nursing and professional practice model, 77 reexamination of educational preparation for, 237 self-serving goals of professional nursing, 149 Prospective Payment System effect on nursing education administration, 279 impact of on discharge planning and patient care, 415-421 nurses' role in maintaining quality care under, 421 reshaping the health care system, 280 See also Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) Psychiatric-mental health nursing community as site for clinical practicum for, 447-452 community geriatric nursing facilty practicum site, 449 cost of malpractice insurance for therapists in, 408 county clinics as site for clinical practicum, 448, 449 county health department clinical practicum site, 449 role of nurse consultant in burn unit, 343 Psychosomatic connotative meanings of the term, 453-457 literature xeview on, 453-457 Public health nursing beginning of school nursing, 82 early images of, 82 personal hygiene instruction in the 1920s, 83 physicians' objections to in 1920s-1930s, 84 role of nurses in World War II, 84 rural nursing service, 82 Social Security Act of 1935 effect on, 84

SUBJECT INDEX

start of industrial nursing, 82 See also Community health nursing

Public policy federal focus for nursing, 3 responsibilities of nurse in maternal/fetal cases, 266 Recruitment, faculty algorithm for search process, 303 application process, 305 effect of organizational climate on, 277, 278 evaluation 0f the applicant, 306 for administration and research positions, 302-307 identification of potential applicants, 303 nature of the search committee, 302 personalizing the search process, 302-307 telephone interview system for, 303 Recruitment, student current initiatives to attract quality students, 268-273 deans' perceptions of effective marketing methods, 272 deans' perceptions of effective program options. 272 marketing plan for, 12-15 participants and techniques for marketing survey, 271 Registered care technologist(s) controversy on AMA proposal of, 311-312 Registered nurse(s) (RNs) follow-up of graduates of doctoral programs, 131-135 working relationship with nurse practitioners, 110 See also Nurse(s); Baccalaureate-prepared nurses(s) Religious issues maternal rights v fetal interests, 265 Research agenda for future development of, 152-162 animal models in, 156 bIended approach to, 30-37 care and caring, 154 clinical therapeutics, 156 counseling students for careers in, 399 crosscultural, 157 current barriers to clinical, 325 data collection, 30-37 data collection tools in baccalaureate programs, 99-103 decrease in availability of funds for, 28 descriptive surveys, 30 dissemination of results of, 186-191 evaluation of new approaches, 36 evolving priorities for clinical nursing, 398 facilitation of in new faculty, 119-125 faculty opportunities due to student shortage, 5 gap between practice and, 320-328 health and wellness knowledge base, 156 hermeneutics approach to holism in, 155 holism as philosophical base for, 154 impact of faculty practice on, 25 instrument development, 30-37 interdisciplinary collaboration, 158-159 international networking, 160 interorganizational collaboration, 159, 160 interviews, 30 motivation for, 51 multisite studies, 159 on the family, 157 pattern development approach to holism in, 155

471

preparation for at master's level, 151 priorities for nursing service administrators, 97 qualitative and quantitative approaches, 30-37 reinforcement factors, 52, 53 relevancy to practice, 186-191 strategies to encourage clinical, 325, 326 triangulation approach to holism in, 155 See also Faculty research; Research roundtable(s) Research productivity, see Scholarly productivity Research reports academic nurse-managed center survey, 422-429 clinical nurse researchers, 30-37 clinical nurse's role in informed consent, 88-91 connotative meanings of term "psychosomatic," 453-457 current initiatives to recruit students, 268-273 diarrhea program for homeless parents, 60-63 follow-up of allied health education doctoral program, 131-135 follow-up of administration doctoral program, 131-135 giving behavior of nursing alumnae, 356-365 historical survey o f ANA education funding policy, 205-2 I7 impact of insurance industry changes on education, 408-414 instructional cost analysis of three BSN programs, 249-261 mentoring role in academic administrators' success, 178-185 moral development/unethical behavior in students, 163-167 motivated behavior model for primary care, 104-112 NCLEX success predictors, 55-59 organizational climate at top-ranked shcools, 274-278 professional nurses return to school, 136-140 scholarly productivity, 45-54 skills/values baccalaureate nurses should possess, 99-103 state/local economic impact of nursing school, 38-44 willingness of nurses to care for AIDS patients, 366-372 Research roundtable(s) consequences of, 189, 190 implementation of, 187-189 increasing research/practice relevancy" awareness, 186-191 literature search for, 188, 189 resistance to idea of, 187 setting and background for, 187 Researcher(s) educational characteristics of faculty researchers, 48 empt'oyed in clinical settings, 30-37 personalizing the search process for, 302-307 postdoctoral programs and career development of, 73 priorities for nursing administration, 97 role in attracting students, 4 scholarly productivity of faculty researchers, 45-54 study of clinical nursess, 30-37 Resource center academic assistance program entry, 290 academic assistance program assessment/planning, 290 academic assistance program services, 290 academic assistance program evaluation, 291 facilitating students' academic success, 289-293

472

NCLEX preparation program entry, 292 NCLEX preparation program evaluation, 292 Role models mentoring role in academic administrators' 178-185 Role options, 4

SUBJECTINDEX

Success,

Scholarly productivity by career stage, 49 conceptual framework of survey of, 46-47 criteria for evaluation for merit pay, 130 cumulative advantage factors and, 51, 52 data analysis for survey of, 48 data collection instrument for survey of, 47, 48 in early postdoctoral years, 119-125 psychological-individual factors and, 49, 50 reinforcement factors, 52, 53 results of survey of, 48-53 study population in survey of, 47 survey of nursing faculty researchers, 45-54 Scholarship strategic plans for future development of, 152-162 Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) predictor of success on NCLEX, 56, 58 School(s) of nursin~ AIDS policies for, 233, 234 alumnae attitudes and giving behavior, 356-365 alumnae giving, to private v public institutions, 359-364 Baylor College of Medicine, 131 Clemson University, 289 Columbia University, 10-16, 17-22, 23 comparative analysis of BSN instructional costs, 249-261 competitive marketing among, 282 concerns about AIDS at, 234 determining whether to start/keep doctoral program, 436 direct and indirect expenditures, 40, 41 economic benefits of precepting program, 21,22 effect in future of declining enrollment in, 71 effect of moving from hospitals to colleges, 324 factors related to nursing program noncompletion, 117 federal support for, 3 George Mason University, 126 identifying students at risk of failure, 113-118 impact of University of Texas on Texas economy, 38-44 impact of insurance industry changes on, 408-414 impact on state and local tax resources, 43 Intercollegiate Center for Nursing Education, 114,.422 issues related to nurse-managed center development, 426 nurse-managed women's health care center at a, 329-338 opportunities for leadership at, 228 organizational climate at top-ranked, 274-278 performance criteria for merit pay, 126-130 programs fo~ foreign nurses, 146 quality of applicant pool data, 269 recommendations for BSN program admission criteria, 118 reduction in quantity/quality of applicants, 113

research roundtable discussions, 186-191 revitalization of Columbia University, 10-16 student rights before dismissal or expulsion, 147 Texas A & M University, 131 University of Houston, 131 University of North Dakota, 144 University of Maryland, 282 University of Rochester, 329-338 University of Texas Health Science Center/Houston, 38-44 Self-care anticipated impact of data collection tool for, 287 definitions of, 285 nursing assessment tool for use with elderly, 285-288 World Health Organization 1975 report on, 286 Service, .nursing addressing the nursing shortage, 240 cooperation with education, 17-22 criteria for faculty evaluation for merit pay, 130 dollar value of, 43 dollar value of services given by students, 43 faculty practice as unifier of education and, 345-355 increasing awareness of research relevancy, 186-191 precepting program, 17-22 self-serving goals of, 149 See also Clinical practice Sex role identity of professional nurses returning to school, 136-140 Sexual harassment legal model of consent and inequality, 203 Shattuck, Lemuel father of public health, 81 Special Project Grants, 3 State Board Examination (SBE), 55 Statement of Belief Regarding Faculty Practice, 345, 346 evalution of, 350-352 impact of, 348, 349 implementation of, 349, 350 Student(s) of nursing at risk of NCLEX failure, 55-59 awareness of research/practice relevancy, 186-191 changing pool of candidates for, 145 chemically impaired, 401 constitutional rights before dismissal, 147 conveying legitimacy of being a novice to, 318 counseling for research careers, 399 current initiatives to attract quality students, 268-273 data on quality of applicant pool, 269 documentation needed before dismissal of, 236 dollar value of nursing services by, 43 evaluations of faculty as criteria for merit pay, 130 factors related to nursing program noncompletion, 117 financial assistance for, 3 foreign, 146 identifying those at risk for academic difficulty, 113-118 minorities, 145 moral development and unethical behavior among, 163-167 professional nurses returning to school, 136-140 recruitment of, 10-16 role of researchers in attracting, 4

SUBJECT INDEX

shortage of, 5 undergraduate foundations perceptorship, 20, 21 undergraduate leadership preceptorship, 20, 21 See also Baccalaureate student(s); Master's student(s); Doctoral student(s) Telephone interview(s) advantages of, 30, 35 Television effect of negative image of nurses, 396 Terminally ill patients geriatric, 9 living wills, 7 Texas impact of University of Texas/Houston on economy, 38-44 Texas A & M University doctoral program in allied health, 131 Texas Input/Output Model for calculation of nursing school economic impact, 41 Theory of nursing current practices of teaching theory, 374-376 curricular considerations for teaching, 373-380 guidelines for teaching, 376, 377 Torture victims, 6 Transnational nursing, see International nursing Tri-council for Nursing establishment of in 1977, 2,15 Triangulation approach to holism in research, 154 Twenty-first century impact of changing demographics on nursing in, 72 nursing in the, 71, 72 See also Future of nursing Undergraduate programs Columbia University precepting program, 17-22 controversy over specialization in, 241 current initiatives to attract quality students, 268-273 enrollment trends in, 268 external factors impacting on future planning for, 250 predictors of success on NCLEX, 55-59 Unification model combining service and education, 326 University of Houston doctoral program in allied health education, 131

473 University of Maryland strategic plan for future development, 282, 283 University of North Dakota master's level specialization/anesthesia nursing, 144 University of Rochester nurse-managed women's health care center at, 329-338 University of Texas Health Science Center description of School of Nursing, 39 impact on local and state economy, 38-44 profile of nursing students, 39-40 University of Utah IAIMS information system project, 169, 170 Veterans Administration hospital(s) consultant as coordinator between community and, 341, 342 Women career preference for medicine v nursing, 269 child care as a political issue, 397 civil law in cases of marital rape, 198, 199 effect of vesting the fetus with legal rights on, 265 female/female mentoring v cross-gender mentoring, 185 interface situations, 8, 395 maternal rights v fetal interests, 262-267 mentoring as a developmental resource for, 178 psychological well-being in multiple-role women, 136-140 role conflict when nurses return to school, 136-140 trend in choosing business careers over nursing, 270 Women's health clinic, nurse-managed academically based faculty practice at, 329-338 educational benefits of, 337 evaluation of, 335-337 negotiation process to set up, 330-333 nursing education opportunities at, 334, 335 opportunities for medical education at, 335 profile of clients, 334 research opportunities at, 335 services provided at, 333, 334 staffing of, 333 successful collegial relations with physicians, 337 World Health Organization (WHO) failure of United States to make payments to, 319 from 1948 to 1988, 235 report on self-care, 286